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Dykiert I, Florek K, Kraik K, Gać P, Poręba R, Poręba M. Tpeak-Tend ECG Marker in Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. SCIENTIFICA 2024; 2024:4904508. [PMID: 38962529 PMCID: PMC11221957 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4904508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Globally, cardiovascular diseases are still the leading cause of death. Numerous methods are used to diagnose cardiovascular pathologies; there is still a place for straightforward and noninvasive techniques, such as electrocardiogram (ECG). Depolarization and repolarization parameters, including QT interval and its derivatives, are well studied. However, the Tpeak-Tend interval is a novel and promising ECG marker with growing evidence for its potential role in predicting malignant arrhythmias. In this review, we discuss the association between the Tpeak-Tend interval and several cardiovascular diseases, including long QT syndrome, cardiomyopathies, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and obesity, which constitutes one of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Dykiert
- Division of PathophysiologyDepartment of Physiology and PathophysiologyWroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamila Florek
- Students' Scientific Association of Cardiovascular Diseases PreventionDepartment of Internal and Occupational DiseasesHypertension and Clinical OncologyWroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kraik
- Students' Scientific Association of Cardiovascular Diseases PreventionDepartment of Internal and Occupational DiseasesHypertension and Clinical OncologyWroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Gać
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational MedicineDepartment of Population HealthWroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rafał Poręba
- Department of Internal and Occupational DiseasesHypertension and Clinical OncologyWroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Poręba
- Department of Paralympic SportWroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Avci Y, Demir AR, Bulut U, Demirci G, Karakurt ST, Sancar KM, Aktemur T, Uygur B, Ersoy B, Erturk M. Novel markers of ventricular repolarization are associated with mortality in patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis. J Card Surg 2021; 36:4591-4596. [PMID: 34628679 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.16063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common degenerative valvular heart disease that can affect left ventricular functions. Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio is a novel repolarization marker which is associated with adverse cardiovascular events in several cardiovascular diseases. In our study, our aim is to investigate the prognostic effect of Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/QTc ratios on mortality in patients who underwent successful surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR). METHODS A total of three hundred seventy-five patients undergoing successful surgical AVR were included in this study. Then, patients were divided into two groups according to mortality as group 1 without mortality (342 patients) and group 2 with mortality (33 patients). Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT, and Tp-e/QTc ratios were calculated for both groups. RESULTS Tp-e interval (71 (63.7-77); 86 (84-88), p < .001), Tp-e/QT ratio (0.19 (0.17-0.20); 0.23 (0.22-0.23), p < .001) and Tp-e/QTc ratio (0.17 ± 0.02; 0.21 ± 0.01, p < .001) were higher in group 2 compared to group 1. In multivariate logistic regression analyses Tp-e interval (odds ratio [OR]: 1.315, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.203-1.437, p < .001), Tp-e/QT ratio (OR: 7.334, 95% CI: 3.274-1.643, p < .001) and Tp-e/QTc ratio (OR: 2.567, 95% CI: 4.106-1.605, p < .001) were found to be independent predictors of mortality. Additionally, a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis also revealed that long term survival was found to be significantly decreased in patients with higher Tp-e/QT ratio (Log-Rank p < .001) and Tp-e/QTc ratio (Log-Rank p < .001). CONCLUSION Tp-e interval, Tp-e dispersion, Tp-e/QT, and Tp-e/QTc ratios are associated with worse prognosis after surgical AVR in patients with severe AS. All of them are also independent predictors of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalcin Avci
- Department of Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center, Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali R Demir
- Department of Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center, Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umit Bulut
- Department of Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center, Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Demirci
- Department of Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center, Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda T Karakurt
- Department of Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center, Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kadriye M Sancar
- Department of Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center, Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Aktemur
- Department of Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center, Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Begüm Uygur
- Department of Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center, Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burak Ersoy
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center, Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erturk
- Department of Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center, Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ullah W, Zahid S, Zaidi SR, Sarvepalli D, Haq S, Roomi S, Mukhtar M, Khan MA, Gowda SN, Ruggiero N, Vishnevsky A, Fischman DL. Predictors of Permanent Pacemaker Implantation in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020906. [PMID: 34259045 PMCID: PMC8483489 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.020906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background As transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) technology expands to healthy and lower‐risk populations, the burden and predictors of procedure‐related complications including the need for permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation needs to be identified. Methods and Results Digital databases were systematically searched to identify studies reporting the incidence of PPM implantation after TAVR. A random‐ and fixed‐effects model was used to calculate unadjusted odds ratios (OR) for all predictors. A total of 78 studies, recruiting 31 261 patients were included in the final analysis. Overall, 6212 patients required a PPM, with a mean of 18.9% PPM per study and net rate ranging from 0.16% to 51%. The pooled estimates on a random‐effects model indicated significantly higher odds of post‐TAVR PPM implantation for men (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.04–1.28); for patients with baseline mobitz type‐1 second‐degree atrioventricular block (OR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.64–5.93), left anterior hemiblock (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.09–1.86), bifascicular block (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.52–4.42), right bundle‐branch block (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 2.17–2.83), and for periprocedural atriorventricular block (OR, 4.17; 95% CI, 2.69–6.46). The mechanically expandable valves had 1.44 (95% CI, 1.18–1.76), while self‐expandable valves had 1.93 (95% CI, 1.42–2.63) fold higher odds of PPM requirement compared with self‐expandable and balloon‐expandable valves, respectively. Conclusions Male sex, baseline atrioventricular conduction delays, intraprocedural atrioventricular block, and use of mechanically expandable and self‐expanding prosthesis served as positive predictors of PPM implantation in patients undergoing TAVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ullah
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals Philadelphia PA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maryam Mukhtar
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Leicester UK
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Şahin AA, Yildirim C, Dogan Z, Demir AR, Panc C, Yalcin AA, Kalkan AK, Celik O. Evaluation of early electrocardiographic changes after successful percutaneous stent implantation to isolated coarctation of aorta. J Electrocardiol 2020; 63:124-128. [PMID: 33189064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coarctation of aorta (CoA) is a congenital obstructive lesion characterized by narrowing of the aorta in which concludes as increase in afterload. Percutaneous stent implantation to CoA is a treatment of choice in older children and adults. Pathology related to CoA mainly caused by increased afterload and left ventricular hypertrophy. Electrocardiographic (ECG) findings are also related to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Evidence shows that, in variety of diseases, the correction of the pathology might normalize ECG findings and ventricular dysfunction related to increase in afterload. Therefore the aim of this study was to compare the pre- and postprocedural ECG findings of the patients who underwent percutaneous intervention for isolated CoA. METHODS After exclusion criterion was applied, 30 patients were included into study, retrospectively. ECG records before the procedure and 3 months after the procedure of the patients were evaluated. The parameters related to LVH, ventricular and atrial conduction were evaluated and compared between pre- and post-procedural ECG records. RESULTS The findings showed that parameters of atrial conduction including P wave maximum duration (p < 0.001) and p wave dispersion (p < 0.001) were significantly decreased after stent implantation. Additionally, ventricular repolarization parameters including QT duration (p = 0.039), Tpe interval (p < 0.001), Tpe / QT (p = 0.038) and Tpe / QTc (p = 0.003) were significantly decreased after stent implantation. Sokolow-Lyon criteria (p < 0.003) and voltage in selected leads were significantly decreased after intervention. CONCLUSION Percutaneous intervention to CoA might regress LVH parameters in ECG and improve atrial and ventricular repolarization in ECG, which might lead to decreased event of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with isolated CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Anıl Şahin
- Department Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Cardiology, Halic University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ceren Yildirim
- Department Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zekeriya Dogan
- Department of Cardiology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Rıza Demir
- Department Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cafer Panc
- Department Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Arif Yalcin
- Department Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Kemal Kalkan
- Department Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Celik
- Department Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Cosgun A, Oren H. Variation of Tpeak-end, corrected Tpeak-end, QT, and corrected QT intervals, Tpeak-end/QT, Tpeak-end/corrected QT ratios and heart rate variability according to decades in the healthy male subjects aged between 30 and 79 years. J Arrhythm 2020; 36:508-517. [PMID: 32528579 PMCID: PMC7279968 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heart rate variability (HRV) is a predictor of cardiac autonomic functions. Ventricular repolarization markers can indicate ventricular arrhythmias. We aimed to evaluate variations of HRV and these repolarization markers in five healthy male groups between age 30 and 79 years according to decades. Materials and Methods The study group consisted of 500 healthy male subjects between October 2018 and May 2019. The male subjects were divided into five categories according to their ages. Then, electrocardiograms (ECG), transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE), and treadmill exercise test (TET) were performed. T-wave peak-end (Tp-e) interval was defined as the time between the peak point and end of T-wave. Tp-e, corrected Tp-e (cTp-e), QT, and corrected QT (QTc) were measured from the resting ECGs and HRV temporal parameters (SDNN, SDNN Index, SDANN Index, RMSSD, sNN50, and pNN50), and HRV frequency parameters (VLF, LF, HF, and LF/HF) were obtained from 24-hour Holter monitorization recordings. One-way ANOVA test was used for the differences between the groups. Pearson correlation test was used to determine the correlations between the values of all groups. Results Considering the repolarization parameters, there are significant differences in five groups in terms of Tp-e interval, but not Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/QTc ratios. Considering the HRV parameters, there were statistically significant differences between the five male healthy groups in terms of HRV temporal parameters and there are no significant differences in terms of HRV frequency parameters. Conclusion As the age increases, basal Tp-e interval increases and HRV temporal parameters decrease significantly in the male subjects aged between 30 and 79 years, but HRV frequency parameters do not change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Cosgun
- Cardiology Department Sincan State Hospital Ankara Turkey
| | - Huseyin Oren
- Cardiology Department Ankara City Hospital Ankara Turkey
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Karacop E, Enhos A. Predictive role of ventricular repolarization parameters for the occurrence of complete heart block in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2019; 25:e12734. [PMID: 31811688 PMCID: PMC7358893 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the role of ventricular repolarization parameters to predict complete atrioventricular block in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Methods A total of 150 patients undergoing TAVI due to severe aortic stenosis were included in this retrospective cohort study. Patients were assigned in two groups based on the presence (n: 49) or absence (n: 101) of complete atrioventricular block after TAVI. Ventricular repolarization intervals (QT, QTc, JT, JTc, TP‐E), indices (QT dispersion), and ratios (TP‐E/QT, TP‐E/QTc, TP‐E/JTc) were measured. Results Electrocardiographic repolarization parameters such as Tp‐e interval: 74.2 ± 5.1 versus 59.2 ± 6.1 ms, p < .001; QTc interval: 397.6 ± 3.4 versus 368.1 ± 7.8 ms, p < .001; JTc interval: 317.4 ± 11.3 versus 291.1 ± 6.7 ms, p < .001; Tp‐e/QT ratio: 0.28 ± 0.04 versus 0.20 ± 0.04, p < .001; Tp‐e/QTc ratio: 0.29 ± 0.04 versus 0.19 ± 0.03, p < .001; Tp‐e/JT ratio: 0.32 ± 0.03 versus 0.23 ± 0.03, p < .001; Tp‐e/JTc ratio: 0.30 ± 0.02 versus 0.2 ± 0.03, p < .001; and QT dispersion: 34.4 ± 3.0 versus 17.8 ± 3.6 ms, p < .01 were significantly higher in post‐TAVI permanent pacemaker group. In a univariate regression analysis, pulmonary artery pressure, heart rate, coronary artery disease, Tp‐e/QTc, Tp‐e/JTc, and PR interval were significantly associated with complete heart block. Tp‐e/JTc (OR 0.373, p = .067) and PR interval (OR 0.898, p = .079) were found to be independent predictors of these type of arrhythmias in a multivariate analysis. But it is not statistically significant. Conclusion Our results suggest that repolarization parameters may play a role in predicting complete atrioventricular block. Tp‐e/JTc was found to be potential independent risk marker for this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Karacop
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, BezmiÂlem Foundation University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asim Enhos
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, BezmiÂlem Foundation University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Chino S, Yamanaka E, Takasusuki T, Hamaguchi S, Yamaguchi S. Comparison of Cardiac Repolarization After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation and Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: A Longitudinal Study. Cardiol Ther 2019; 9:97-105. [PMID: 31696437 PMCID: PMC7237665 DOI: 10.1007/s40119-019-00154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been established as an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for high-risk patients. To assess the impact of TAVI on cardiac repolarization, we compared QT dispersion (QTD) and the interval from the peak to the end of the T wave (Tpeak-Tend: TpTe) between the patients who underwent TAVI and those who underwent SAVR and TpTe between the patients who underwent TAVI or SAVR. METHODS This retrospective study was approved by the ethics committee of Dokkyo Medical University Hospital. The study included 45 patients who underwent TAVI and 45 patients who underwent SAVR. The QT, corrected QT (QTc), QTD, QTc dispersion (QTcD), Tp-Te, Tp-Te/QT, and Tp-Te/QTc were manually measured in standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings obtained before surgery, immediately after surgery, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery and compared between the two groups. RESULTS No change was observed in RR, QT, QTc, Tp-Te, Tp-Te/QT, and Tp-Te/QTc in the two groups throughout the study. The QTD and QTcD significant decreased immediately after surgery in the TAVI group as compared to the SAVR group (P < 0.001). In contrast, QTD and QTcD in the SAVR group gradually, but not significantly declined 6 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS QTD and QTcD immediately decreased after TAVI as compared to SAVR. Our findings indicate that TAVI more rapidly improved dispersion of spatial repolarization than SAVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Chino
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Kitakobayashi 880, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Eriko Yamanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Kitakobayashi 880, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Takasusuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Kitakobayashi 880, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Hamaguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Kitakobayashi 880, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yamaguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Kitakobayashi 880, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
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Cosgun A, Oren H, Turkkani MH. The relationship between systolic pulmonary arterial pressure and Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT, and Tp-e/QTc ratios in patients with newly diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2019; 25:e12691. [PMID: 31508867 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and arrhythmias has been shown to be common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subjects. We aimed to evaluate the markers of arrhythmia such as QT, QTc (corrected QT), Tp-e, and cTp-e (corrected Tp-e) intervals, Tp-e/QT ratio, and Tp-e/QTc ratio in newly diagnosed COPD subjects in both right and left precordial leads. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 74 subjects with obstructive respiratory function tests (RFTs). The control group consisted of 78 subjects who had nonobstructive RFTs. RFTs, electrocardiograms (ECG), and transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE) were performed, and QTR (QT interval in right precordial leads), QTL (QT interval in left precordial leads), Tp-eR (Tp-e interval in right precordial leads), and Tp-eL (Tp-e interval in left precordial leads) intervals; systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP); forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 )/forced vital capacity (FVC); and peripheral oxygen saturation(POS) values were measured. RESULTS Tp-eR interval 85.82 ± 5.34 millisecond (ms) versus 62.87 ± 3.55 ms (t = 31.29/p < .00001), cTp-eR interval 97.51 ± 7.18 ms versus 71.07 ± 4.58 ms (t = 27.20/p < .00001), Tp-eR/QTR ratio 0.234 ± 0.02 versus 0.164 ± 0.01 (t = 2.2/p = .014), and Tp-eR/QTcR ratio 0.201 ± 0.01 versus 0.141 ± 0.01 (t = 1.92/p = .028) were statistically significantly higher in COPD subjects. There was a strong negative correlation between RFT and sPAP (sPAP, 29.93 ± 5.1 mm Hg; and FEV1 /FVC, 63.78 ± 3.33%, r = -.85/p < .00001). There was a moderate positive correlation between sPAP and Tp-eR. CONCLUSION We found Tp-e and cTp-e intervals, Tp-e/QT ratio, and Tp-e/QTc ratio were significantly higher in the COPD patients than in the control group. In addition, in the COPD group, heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were significantly lower on ECG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Cosgun
- Department of Cardiology, Sincan State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Oren
- Department of Cardiology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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