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Tacca N, Baumgart I, Schlink BR, Kamath A, Dunlap C, Darrow MJ, Colachis Iv S, Putnam P, Branch J, Wengerd L, Friedenberg DA, Meyers EC. Identifying alterations in hand movement coordination from chronic stroke survivors using a wearable high-density EMG sleeve. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:046040. [PMID: 39008975 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad634d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Non-invasive, high-density electromyography (HD-EMG) has emerged as a useful tool to collect a range of neurophysiological motor information. Recent studies have demonstrated changes in EMG features that occur after stroke, which correlate with functional ability, highlighting their potential use as biomarkers. However, previous studies have largely explored these EMG features in isolation with individual electrodes to assess gross movements, limiting their potential clinical utility. This study aims to predict hand function of stroke survivors by combining interpretable features extracted from a wearable HD-EMG forearm sleeve.Approach.Here, able-bodied (N= 7) and chronic stroke subjects (N= 7) performed 12 functional hand and wrist movements while HD-EMG was recorded using a wearable sleeve. A variety of HD-EMG features, or views, were decomposed to assess alterations in motor coordination.Main Results.Stroke subjects, on average, had higher co-contraction and reduced muscle coupling when attempting to open their hand and actuate their thumb. Additionally, muscle synergies decomposed in the stroke population were relatively preserved, with a large spatial overlap in composition of matched synergies. Alterations in synergy composition demonstrated reduced coupling between digit extensors and muscles that actuate the thumb, as well as an increase in flexor activity in the stroke group. Average synergy activations during movements revealed differences in coordination, highlighting overactivation of antagonist muscles and compensatory strategies. When combining co-contraction and muscle synergy features, the first principal component was strongly correlated with upper-extremity Fugl Meyer hand sub-score of stroke participants (R2= 0.86). Principal component embeddings of individual features revealed interpretable measures of motor coordination and muscle coupling alterations.Significance.These results demonstrate the feasibility of predicting motor function through features decomposed from a wearable HD-EMG sleeve, which could be leveraged to improve stroke research and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Tacca
- Neurotechnology, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Ian Baumgart
- Neurotechnology, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Bryan R Schlink
- Neurotechnology, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Ashwini Kamath
- Neurotechnology, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Collin Dunlap
- Neurotechnology, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael J Darrow
- Neurotechnology, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Samuel Colachis Iv
- Neurotechnology, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Philip Putnam
- Neurotechnology, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Joshua Branch
- Neurotechnology, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Lauren Wengerd
- Neurotechnology, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- NeuroTech Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - David A Friedenberg
- Neurotechnology, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Eric C Meyers
- Neurotechnology, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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Li S, Francisco GE, Rymer WZ. A New Definition of Poststroke Spasticity and the Interference of Spasticity With Motor Recovery From Acute to Chronic Stages. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2021; 35:601-610. [PMID: 33978513 DOI: 10.1177/15459683211011214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The relationship of poststroke spasticity and motor recovery can be confusing. "True" motor recovery refers to return of motor behaviors to prestroke state with the same end-effectors and temporo-spatial pattern. This requires neural recovery and repair, and presumably occurs mainly in the acute and subacute stages. However, according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, motor recovery after stroke is also defined as "improvement in performance of functional tasks," i.e., functional recovery, which is mainly mediated by compensatory mechanisms. Therefore, stroke survivors can execute motor tasks in spite of disordered motor control and the presence of spasticity. Spasticity interferes with execution of normal motor behaviors ("true" motor recovery), throughout the evolution of stroke from acute to chronic stages. Spasticity reduction does not affect functional recovery in the acute and subacute stages; however, appropriate management of spasticity could lead to improvement of motor function, that is, functional recovery, during the chronic stage of stroke. We assert that spasticity results from upregulation of medial cortico-reticulo-spinal pathways that are disinhibited due to damage of the motor cortex or corticobulbar pathways. Spasticity emerges as a manifestation of maladaptive plasticity in the early stages of recovery and can persist into the chronic stage. It coexists and shares similar pathophysiological processes with related motor impairments, such as abnormal force control, muscle coactivation and motor synergies, and diffuse interlimb muscle activation. Accordingly, we propose a new definition of spasticity to better account for its pathophysiology and the complex nuances of different definitions of motor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, TX, USA.,TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gerard E Francisco
- University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, TX, USA.,TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, TX, USA.,World Federation of NeuroRehabilitation, North Shields, UK
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Wang LJ, Yu XM, Shao QN, Wang C, Yang H, Huang SJ, Niu WX. Muscle Fatigue Enhance Beta Band EMG-EMG Coupling of Antagonistic Muscles in Patients With Post-stroke Spasticity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:1007. [PMID: 32974323 PMCID: PMC7461835 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a significant influence of muscle fatigue on the coupling of antagonistic muscles while patients with post-stroke spasticity are characterized by abnormal antagonistic muscle coactivation activities. This study was designed to verify whether the coupling of antagonistic muscles in patients with post-stroke spasticity is influenced by muscle fatigue. Ten patients with chronic hemipare and spasticity and 12 healthy adults were recruited to participate in this study. Each participant performed a fatiguing isometric elbow flexion of the paretic side or right limb at 30% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) level until exhaustion while surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals were collected from the biceps brachii (BB) and triceps brachii (TB) muscles during the sustained contraction. sEMG signals were divided into the first (minimal fatigue) and second halves (severe fatigue) of the contraction. The power and coherence between the sEMG signals of the BB and TB in the alpha (8–12 Hz), beta (15–35 Hz), and gamma (35–60 Hz) frequency bands associated with minimal fatigue and severe fatigue were calculated. The coactivation ratio of the antagonistic TB muscle was also determined during the sustained fatiguing contraction. The results demonstrated that there was a significant decrease in maximal torque during the post-fatigue contraction compared to that during the pre-fatigue contraction in both stroke and healthy group. In the stroke group, EMG-EMG coherence between the BB and TB in the alpha and beta frequency bands was significantly increased in severe fatigue compared to minimal fatigue, while coactivation of antagonistic muscle increased progressively during the sustained fatiguing contraction. In the healthy group, coactivation of the antagonistic muscle showed no significant changes during the fatiguing contraction and no significant coherence was found in the alpha, beta and gamma frequency bands between the first and second halves of the contraction. Therefore, the muscle fatigue significantly increases the coupling of antagonistic muscles in patients with post-stroke spasticity, which may be related to the increased common corticospinal drive from motor cortex to the antagonistic muscles. The increase in antagonistic muscle coupling induced by muscle fatigue may provide suggestions for the design of training program for patients with post-stroke spasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Jun Wang
- Physical Education Department, Sport and Health Research Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Neng Shao
- Physical Education Department, Sport and Health Research Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ce Wang
- Physical Education Department, Sport and Health Research Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Physical Education Department, Sport and Health Research Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shang-Jun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Xin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wang H, Huang P, Li X, Samuel OW, Xiang Y, Li G. Spasticity Assessment Based on the Maximum Isometrics Voluntary Contraction of Upper Limb Muscles in Post-stroke Hemiplegia. Front Neurol 2019; 10:465. [PMID: 31133969 PMCID: PMC6514055 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The assessment of muscle properties is an essential prerequisite in the treatment of post-stroke patients with limb spasticity. Most existing spasticity assessment approaches do not consider the muscle activation with voluntary contraction. Including voluntary movements of spastic muscles may provide a new way for the reliable assessment of muscle spasticity. Objective: In this study, we investigated the effectiveness and reliability of maximum isometrics voluntary contraction (MIVC) based method for spasticity assessment in post-stroke hemiplegia. Methods: Fourteen post-stroke hemiplegic patients with arm spasticity were asked to perform two tasks: MIVC and passive isokinetic movements. Three biomechanical signals, torque, position, and time, were recorded from the impaired and non-impaired arms of the patients. Three features, peak torque, keep time of the peak torque, and rise time, were computed from the recorded MIVC signals and used to evaluate the muscle voluntary activation characteristics, respectively. For passive movements, two features, the maximum resistance torque and muscle stiffness, were also obtained to characterize the properties of spastic stretch reflexes. Subsequently, the effectiveness and reliability of the MIVC-based spasticity assessment method were evaluated with spearman correlation analysis and intra class correlation coefficients (ICCs) metrics. Results: The results indicated that the keep time of peak torque and rise time in the impaired arm were higher in comparison to those in the contralateral arm, whereas the peak torque in the impaired side was significantly lower than their contralateral arm. Our results also showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.503, p = 0.047) between the keep time (tk) and the passive resistant torque. Furthermore, a significantly positive correlation was observed between the keep time (tk) and the muscle stiffness (r = 0.653, p = 0.011). Meanwhile, the ICCs for intra-time measurements of MIVC ranged between 0.815 and 0.988 with one outlier. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggested that the proposed MIVC-based approach would be promising for the reliable and accurate assessment of spasticity in post-stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pingao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangxin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Oluwarotimi Williams Samuel
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,The Rehabilitation Department, Shenzhen Sixth People's Hospital (Nanshan hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanglin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Karpatkin H, Babyar S, DiCarrado S, McDarby M, Narovlianski M, Perez B, Rimawi I. Increases in fatigue do not change spasticity scores in persons with multiple sclerosis. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2018; 8:143-150. [PMID: 29943692 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2017-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Fatigue is a common finding in multiple sclerosis (MS) which may result in worsening of gait, function and other MS symptoms, like spasticity. Although the worsening of spasticity with fatigue has been reported by persons with MS, the effect of fatigue on spasticity has not been measured. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare lower extremity Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) scores of persons with mild-to-moderate MS symptoms before and after fatigued and unfatigued conditions. METHODS Using a randomized crossover design, MS subjects underwent 6-min walk to induce fatigue and 6-min supine rests, with lower extremity spasticity measured before and after each condition. Friedman tests gave paired comparisons of MAS before and after each condition. RESULTS 16 subjects with mild-to-moderate MS completed the study (mean age = 56; standard deviation = 11.7). Friedman tests showed a significant decrease in mean rank for overall average MAS for both lower extremities (p = 0.031) when comparing fatigued to unfatigued conditions. This appeared to be driven by the right lower extremity average MAS (p = 0.002) and, more specifically, in post hoc pre to post-test comparisons for right knee flexor (p = 0.002 fatigued; p = 0.059 unfatigued) and right knee extensor (p = 0.001 fatigued; p = 0.020 unfatigued) MAS mean rank differences. Fatigue did not result in increased spasticity. CONCLUSION Spasticity in these subjects with MS was not worsened by fatigue suggesting that worsening of gait with fatigue may be due to causes other than spasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Karpatkin
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Suzanne Babyar
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Stefanie DiCarrado
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Melissa McDarby
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Morris Narovlianski
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Beremis Perez
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Iman Rimawi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10010, USA
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Hameau S, Bensmail D, Roche N, Zory R. Fatigability in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis During Maximal Concentric Contractions. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2017; 98:1339-1347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Extracorporeal Shock Wave Stimulation as Alternative Treatment Modality for Wrist and Fingers Spasticity in Poststroke Patients: A Prospective, Open-Label, Preliminary Clinical Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:4648101. [PMID: 27504139 PMCID: PMC4967701 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4648101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of radial shock waves (rESW) for wrist and fingers flexors spasticity in stroke patients. Methods. Twenty patients with upper limb muscle spasticity were enrolled in the study and treated with a single session of rESW. The spasticity level of the radio carpal (RC) and finger (FF) joints was assessed using Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). The resting bioelectrical activity of the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) was examined using surface electromyography (sEMG). Trophic conditions were measured using infrared thermal (IRT) imaging. All measurements were conducted at baseline (t0), immediately after rESW (t1), and 1 (t2) and 24 (t3) hours following rESW. Results. Significant reduction in MAS was observed for the RC joint in t1, as well as for the FF joints in t1, t2, and t3. A significant decrease in sEMG was shown for the FCR muscle in t1 and t2, as well as for the FCU muscle in t1 and t3. Also, a significant increase in IRT value was observed in t3 only. Conclusions. A single session of rESW could be an effective alternative treatment for reduction of limb spasticity and could lead to improvement of trophic conditions of the spastic muscles.
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das Neves MF, Dos Reis MCR, de Andrade EAF, Lima FPS, Nicolau RA, Arisawa EÂL, Andrade AO, Lima MO. Effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT 808 nm) on lower limb spastic muscle activity in chronic stroke patients. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:1293-300. [PMID: 27299571 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A cerebrovascular accident (CVA) may affect basic motor functions, including spasticity that may be present in the upper extremity and/or the lower extremity, post-stroke. Spasticity causes pain, muscle force reduction, and decreases the time to onset of muscle fatigue. Several therapeutic resources have been employed to treat CVA to promote functional recovery. The clinical use of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for rehabilitation of muscular disorders has provided better muscle responses. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of LLLT in spastic muscles in patients with spasticity post-CVA. A double-blind clinical trial was conducted with 15 volunteer stroke patients who presented with post-stroke spasticity. Both males and females were treated; the average age was 51.5 ± 11.8 years old; the participants entered the study ranging from 11 to 48 months post-stroke onset. The patients participated in three consecutive phases (control, placebo, and real LLLT), in which all tests of isometric endurance of their hemiparetic lower limb were performed. LLLT (diode laser, 100 mW 808 nm, beam spot area 0.0314 cm(2), 127.39 J/cm(2)/point, 40 s) was applied before isometric endurance. After the real LLLT intervention, we observed significant reduction in the visual analogue scale for pain intensity (p = 0.0038), increased time to onset of muscle fatigue (p = 0.0063), and increased torque peak (p = 0.0076), but no significant change in the root mean square (RMS) value (electric signal in the motor unit during contraction, as obtained with surface electromyography). Our results suggest that the application of LLLT may contribute to increased recruitment of muscle fibers and, hence, to increase the onset time of the spastic muscle fatigue, reducing pain intensity in stroke patients with spasticity, as has been observed in healthy subjects and athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcele Florêncio das Neves
- Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - Laboratório de Engenharia de Reabilotação Sensório Motora, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil.
| | - Mariana César Ribeiro Dos Reis
- Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - Laboratório de Engenharia de Reabilotação Sensório Motora, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - Eliana Aparecida Fonseca de Andrade
- Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - Laboratório de Engenharia de Reabilotação Sensório Motora, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Pupio Silva Lima
- Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - Laboratório de Engenharia de Reabilotação Sensório Motora, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - Renata Amadei Nicolau
- Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Centro de Laserterapia e Fotobiologia, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - Emília Ângela Loschiavo Arisawa
- Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Laboratório de Espectroscopia Vibracional Biomédica, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Mário Oliveira Lima
- Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - Laboratório de Engenharia de Reabilotação Sensório Motora, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
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Kim JY, Chung JS, Jang GU, Park S, Park JW. The effects of non-elastic taping on muscle tone in stroke patients: a pilot study. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 27:3901-5. [PMID: 26834377 PMCID: PMC4713816 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Hemiplegia occurs when posturing with a dominant flexor tone is present in the upper limbs, thus preventing increased abnormal tone. We attempted to improve the side effects of this condition using elbow re-positioning with non-elastic tape; this method is used to modulate abnormal muscle tone in chronic hemiplegic stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] Fourteen post-stroke patients were included in this study. Non-elastic tape was applied to the elbow joint in a spiral manner. Before and after the tape was applied, the degree of spasticity (hypertonia) was measured in the elbow flexor muscles using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Global synkinesis (GS) intensity using electromyography (EMG) was measured in the biceps brachii and triceps brachii during voluntary isometric elbow contractions of the contralateral upper limbs. [Results] Application of non-elastic tape at the elbow joint significantly changed the GS intensity, but no significant changes were found when compared with the MAS. [Conclusion] This study demonstrates that non-elastic tape can be used to decrease abnormal elbow flexor tone. The findings may be used to influence the choice of intervention regarding muscle tone and spastic elbow flexion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Health, Catholic University of Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sub Chung
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Health, Catholic University of Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwon Uk Jang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Health, Catholic University of Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Health, Catholic University of Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Health, Catholic University of Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Robot-Assisted Passive Exercise for Ankle Hypertonia in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. J Med Biol Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-015-0059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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