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Haghighi AH, Zaferanieh A, Hosseini-Kakhak SA, Maleki A, Esposito F, Cè E, Castellar C, Toro-Román V, Pradas F. Effects of Power and Ballistic Training on Table Tennis Players' Electromyography Changes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7735. [PMID: 34360028 PMCID: PMC8345760 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of ballistic and power training on table tennis players' electromyography (EMG) changes. Thirty male table tennis players, who were able to perform top spin strikes properly, were randomly assigned to three groups: power training (PT; n = 10); ballistic training (BT; n = 10); and no training (CON = control group; n = 10). PT and BT were performed 3 times weekly for 8 weeks. Before and after training programs, a one-repetition maximum test (1RM) and the EMG activity of all the subjects' upper/lower body muscles while performing top spin strokes were analyzed. After training, significant interactions (group × time) were observed in increasing 1RM strength in upper/lower muscles (p < 0.05). However, neither training type had any significant effect on muscle EMG activity. These findings suggest that there should not necessarily be any significant change in the EMG signal after BT and PT despite the increase in muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Haghighi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 9617976487, Iran; (A.H.H.); (A.Z.); (S.A.H.-K.)
| | - Ali Zaferanieh
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 9617976487, Iran; (A.H.H.); (A.Z.); (S.A.H.-K.)
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.E.); (E.C.)
| | - Seyed Alireza Hosseini-Kakhak
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 9617976487, Iran; (A.H.H.); (A.Z.); (S.A.H.-K.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan 3513119111, Iran;
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.E.); (E.C.)
| | - Emiliano Cè
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.E.); (E.C.)
| | - Carlos Castellar
- ENFYRED Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain; (C.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Víctor Toro-Román
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Francisco Pradas
- ENFYRED Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain; (C.C.); (F.P.)
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Deltoid Electromyography is Reliable During Submaximal Isometric Ramp Contractions. J Appl Biomech 2017; 33:237-240. [DOI: 10.1123/jab.2016-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The EMG and load relationship is commonly measured with multiple submaximal isometric contractions. This method is both time consuming and may introduce fatigue. The purpose of this study was to determine if the electromyography (EMG) amplitude from the middle deltoid was reliable during isometric ramp contractions (IRCs) at different angles of elevation and rates of force application. Surface EMG was measured at 3 shoulder elevation angles during IRCs at 4 submaximal levels of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Data were reliable in all conditions except during the rate relative to the subjects’ MVC at 90° for 30% and 40% MVC. The main effect for angle on EMG amplitude was found to be significant, p < .01. EMG at 90° was greater than at 60° (p < .017) and at 30° (p < .017). The main effect of force level on EMG amplitude was significant, p < .01 and follow-up contrast demonstrated a significant (p < .001) linear increase of EMG amplitude with force level. We conclude that EMG amplitude from IRCs are reliable across all shoulder elevation angles and up to 40% MVC. IRCs are a feasible method for recording EMG at the deltoid.
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