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Date S, Kurumadani H, Kurauchi K, Fukushima T, Goto N, Sunagawa T. Effect of extension of the ulnar fingers on force control and muscle activity of the hand during a precision pinch. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2024; 49:608-616. [PMID: 37933731 DOI: 10.1177/17531934231211254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Some individuals extend the three ulnar fingers when performing a precision pinch. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms and effect of the extension of the ulnar fingers during a pinch. When performing a pulp pinch task with the ulnar fingers in two positions (extension and flexion), 27 participants maintained 5% of their maximum force. The mean pinch force, force variability and time taken to reach the targeted force (reaching time) were calculated. Muscle activity was simultaneously measured, using surface electromyography, for nine muscles: the flexor pollicis brevis; abductor pollicis brevis; flexor pollicis longus; first lumbrical; first dorsal interosseous; flexor digitorum superficialis of the index finger; extensor indicis; and extensor digitorum of the index and ring fingers. No significant differences in the mean pinch force or force variability were found. However, the reaching time was significantly shorter (approximately 20% reduction) in the extension position and the activities in the flexor pollicis brevis, first lumbrical, extensor indicis and extensor digitorum of the ring finger were significantly higher. These findings suggest that extending the ulnar fingers during pinching enhances the activity of key muscles involved in the movement and allows for more rapid force exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Date
- Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Upper Extremity Function, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurumadani
- Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Upper Extremity Function, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kurauchi
- Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Upper Extremity Function, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukushima
- Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Upper Extremity Function, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoya Goto
- Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Upper Extremity Function, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toru Sunagawa
- Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Upper Extremity Function, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Nicolozakes CP, Sohn MH, Baillargeon EM, Lipps DB, Perreault EJ. Stretch reflex gain scaling at the shoulder varies with synergistic muscle activity. J Neurophysiol 2022; 128:1244-1257. [PMID: 36224165 PMCID: PMC9662809 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00259.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique anatomy of the shoulder allows for expansive mobility but also sometimes precarious stability. It has long been suggested that stretch-sensitive reflexes contribute to maintaining joint stability through feedback control, but little is known about how stretch-sensitive reflexes are coordinated between the muscles of the shoulder. The purpose of this study was to investigate the coordination of stretch reflexes in shoulder muscles elicited by rotations of the glenohumeral joint. We hypothesized that stretch reflexes are sensitive to not only a given muscle's background activity but also the aggregate activity of all muscles crossing the shoulder based on the different groupings of muscles required to actuate the shoulder in three rotational degrees of freedom. We examined the relationship between a muscle's background activity and its reflex response in eight shoulder muscles by applying rotational perturbations while participants produced voluntary isometric torques. We found that this relationship, defined as gain scaling, differed at both short and long latencies based on the direction of voluntary torque generated by the participant. Therefore, gain scaling differed based on the aggregate of muscles that were active, not just the background activity in the muscle within which the reflex was measured. Across all muscles, the consideration of torque-dependent gain scaling improved model fits (ΔR2) by 0.17 ± 0.12. Modulation was most evident when volitional torques and perturbation directions were aligned along the same measurement axis, suggesting a functional role in resisting perturbations among synergists while maintaining task performance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Careful coordination of muscles crossing the shoulder is needed to maintain the delicate balance between the joint's mobility and stability. We provide experimental evidence that stretch reflexes within shoulder muscles are modulated based on the aggregate activity of muscles crossing the joint, not just the activity of the muscle in which the reflex is elicited. Our results reflect coordination through neural coupling that may help maintain shoulder stability during encounters with environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine P Nicolozakes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - M Hongchul Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Emma M Baillargeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David B Lipps
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Eric J Perreault
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Jarque-Bou NJ, Sancho-Bru JL, Vergara M. A Systematic Review of EMG Applications for the Characterization of Forearm and Hand Muscle Activity during Activities of Daily Living: Results, Challenges, and Open Issues. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21093035. [PMID: 33925928 PMCID: PMC8123433 DOI: 10.3390/s21093035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of the hand is crucial for the performance of activities of daily living, thereby ensuring a full and autonomous life. Its motion is controlled by a complex musculoskeletal system of approximately 38 muscles. Therefore, measuring and interpreting the muscle activation signals that drive hand motion is of great importance in many scientific domains, such as neuroscience, rehabilitation, physiotherapy, robotics, prosthetics, and biomechanics. Electromyography (EMG) can be used to carry out the neuromuscular characterization, but it is cumbersome because of the complexity of the musculoskeletal system of the forearm and hand. This paper reviews the main studies in which EMG has been applied to characterize the muscle activity of the forearm and hand during activities of daily living, with special attention to muscle synergies, which are thought to be used by the nervous system to simplify the control of the numerous muscles by actuating them in task-relevant subgroups. The state of the art of the current results are presented, which may help to guide and foster progress in many scientific domains. Furthermore, the most important challenges and open issues are identified in order to achieve a better understanding of human hand behavior, improve rehabilitation protocols, more intuitive control of prostheses, and more realistic biomechanical models.
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R. R, K. R, S.J. T. Deep learning and machine learning techniques to improve hand movement classification in myoelectric control system. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vieira da Fonseca M, Oliveira ALDS, Figueiredo RDM, Lima RTF, Toledo AMD. How Has Electromyography Been Used to Assess Reaching in Infants? A Systematic Review. J Mot Behav 2020; 53:117-127. [PMID: 32036782 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2020.1723476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this systematic review were: to investigate the use of surface electromyography in the assessment of reaching in infants; to assess the usefulness of this tool to the assessment of reaching, and its parameters and limitations; to assess the methodological quality of the studies available in the literature. The search in the databases MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, Embase, PEDro, Cochrane, and EBSCO resulted in 5 selected studies. The studies aimed to elucidate how muscle behavior occurs in the development of reaching. The lack of standardized recommendations for the use of EMG in infants limit the reproducibility and comparison between studies. There are challenges and limitations regarding the use of electromyography in infants, which are caused by peculiarities inherent to the development of the neuromotor and musculoskeletal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aline Martins de Toledo
- Master and Doctoral Program in Physical Education, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil.,Master Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil
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Bourdin P, Martini M, Sanchez-Vives MV. Altered visual feedback from an embodied avatar unconsciously influences movement amplitude and muscle activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19747. [PMID: 31874987 PMCID: PMC6930246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the sense of the position of our body parts can be surreptitiously deceived, for instance through illusory visual inputs. However, whether altered visual feedback during limb movement can induce substantial unconscious motor and muscular adjustments is not known. To address this question, we covertly manipulated virtual body movements in immersive virtual reality. Participants were instructed to flex their elbow to 90° while tensing an elastic band, as their virtual arm reproduced the same, a reduced (75°), or an amplified (105°) movement. We recorded muscle activity using electromyography, and assessed body ownership, agency and proprioception of the arm. Our results not only show that participants compensated for the avatar’s manipulated arm movement while being completely unaware of it, but also that it is possible to induce unconscious motor adaptations requiring significant changes in muscular activity. Altered visual feedback through body ownership illusions can influence motor performance in a process that bypasses awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bourdin
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. .,Experimental Virtual Environments for Neuroscience and Technology (EVENT) Laboratory, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,EIMT, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Matteo Martini
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental Virtual Environments for Neuroscience and Technology (EVENT) Laboratory, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Maria V Sanchez-Vives
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental Virtual Environments for Neuroscience and Technology (EVENT) Laboratory, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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Jarque-Bou NJ, Vergara M, Sancho-Bru JL, Gracia-Ibáñez V, Roda-Sales A. A calibrated database of kinematics and EMG of the forearm and hand during activities of daily living. Sci Data 2019; 6:270. [PMID: 31712685 PMCID: PMC6848200 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Linking hand kinematics and forearm muscle activity is a challenging and crucial problem for several domains, such as prosthetics, 3D modelling or rehabilitation. To advance in this relationship between hand kinematics and muscle activity, synchronised and well-defined data are needed. However, currently available datasets are scarce, and the presented tasks and data are often limited. This paper presents the KIN-MUS UJI Dataset that contains 572 recordings with anatomical angles and forearm muscle activity of 22 subjects while performing 26 representative activities of daily living. This dataset is, to our knowledge, the biggest currently available hand kinematics and muscle activity dataset to focus on goal-oriented actions. Data were recorded using a CyberGlove instrumented glove and surface EMG electrodes, both properly synchronised. Eighteen hand anatomical angles were obtained from the glove sensors by a validated calibration procedure. Surface EMG activity was recorded from seven representative forearm areas. The statistics verified that data were not affected by the experimental procedures and were similar to the data acquired under real-life conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor J Jarque-Bou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Margarita Vergara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Joaquín L Sancho-Bru
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Verónica Gracia-Ibáñez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Alba Roda-Sales
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
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8
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Powar OS, Chemmangat K. Dynamic time warping for reducing the effect of force variation on myoelectric control of hand prostheses. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2019; 48:152-160. [PMID: 31357113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in pattern recognition (PR) for myoelectric control of the upper limb prostheses has been extensive. However, there has been limited attention to the factors that influence the clinical translation of this technology. A relevant factor of influence in clinical performance of EMG PR-based control of prostheses is the variation in muscle activation level, which modifies the EMG patterns even when the amputee attempts the same movement. To decrease the effect of muscle activation level variations on EMG PR, this work proposes to use dynamic time warping (DTW) and is validated on two databases. The first database, which has data from ten intact-limbed subjects, was used to test the baseline performance of DTW, resulting in an average classification accuracy of more than 90%. The second database comprised data from nine upper limb amputees recorded at three levels of force for six hand grips. The results showed that DTW trained at a single force level achieved an average classification accuracy of 60 ± 9%, 70 ± 8%, and 60 ± 7% at the low, medium and high force levels respectively across all amputee subjects. The proposed scheme with DTW achieved a significant 10% improvement in classification accuracy when trained at a low force level when compared to the traditional time-dependent power spectrum descriptors (TD-PSD) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar S Powar
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575025, India.
| | - Krishnan Chemmangat
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575025, India.
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9
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Yamagami M, Peters KM, Milovanovic I, Kuang I, Yang Z, Lu N, Steele KM. Assessment of Dry Epidermal Electrodes for Long-Term Electromyography Measurements. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18041269. [PMID: 29677129 PMCID: PMC5948629 DOI: 10.3390/s18041269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available electrodes can only provide quality surface electromyography (sEMG) measurements for a limited duration due to user discomfort and signal degradation, but in many applications, collecting sEMG data for a full day or longer is desirable to enhance clinical care. Few studies for long-term sEMG have assessed signal quality of electrodes using clinically relevant tests. The goal of this research was to evaluate flexible, gold-based epidermal sensor system (ESS) electrodes for long-term sEMG recordings. We collected sEMG and impedance data from eight subjects from ESS and standard clinical electrodes on upper extremity muscles during maximum voluntary isometric contraction tests, dynamic range of motion tests, the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test, and the Box & Block Test. Four additional subjects were recruited to test the stability of ESS signals over four days. Signals from the ESS and traditional electrodes were strongly correlated across tasks. Measures of signal quality, such as signal-to-noise ratio and signal-to-motion ratio, were also similar for both electrodes. Over the four-day trial, no significant decrease in signal quality was observed in the ESS electrodes, suggesting that thin, flexible electrodes may provide a robust tool that does not inhibit movement or irritate the skin for long-term measurements of muscle activity in rehabilitation and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momona Yamagami
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Keshia M Peters
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Ivana Milovanovic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Irene Kuang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Zeyu Yang
- Chengdu Rotex Technology Company Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Nanshu Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Katherine M Steele
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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