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Cossette-Roberge H, Li J, Citherlet D, Nguyen DK. Localizing and lateralizing value of auditory phenomena in seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 145:109327. [PMID: 37422934 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auditory seizures (AS) are a rare type of focal seizures. AS are classically thought to involve a seizure onset zone (SOZ) in the temporal lobe, but there remain uncertainties about their localizing and lateralizing value. We conducted a narrative literature review with the aim of providing an up-to-date description of the lateralizing and localizing value of AS. METHODS The databases PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for literature on AS in December 2022. All cortical stimulation studies, case reports, and case series were analyzed to assess for auditory phenomena that were suggestive of AS and to evaluate if the lateralization and/or localization of the SOZ could be determined. We classified AS according to their semiology (e.g., simple hallucination versus complex hallucination) and the level of evidence with which the SOZ could be predicted. RESULTS A total of 174 cases comprising 200 AS were analyzed from 70 articles. Across all studies, the SOZ of AS were more often in the left (62%) than in the right (38%) hemisphere. AS heard bilaterally followed this trend. Unilaterally heard AS were more often due to a SOZ in the contralateral hemisphere (74%), although they could also be ipsilateral (26%). The SOZ for AS was not limited to the auditory cortex, nor to the temporal lobe. The areas more frequently involved in the temporal lobe were the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and mesiotemporal structures. Extratemporal locations included parietal, frontal, insular, and rarely occipital structures. CONCLUSION Our review highlighted the complexity of AS and their importance in the identification of the SOZ. Due to the limited data and heterogeneous presentation of AS in the literature, the patterns associated with different AS semiologies warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Cossette-Roberge
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Neurology Division, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - Jimmy Li
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Neurology Division, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Daphné Citherlet
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dang Khoa Nguyen
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neurology Division, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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2
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Vetiska S, Wälchli T, Radovanovic I, Berhouma M. Molecular and genetic mechanisms in brain arteriovenous malformations: new insights and future perspectives. Neurosurg Rev 2022; 45:3573-3593. [PMID: 36219361 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-022-01883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are rare vascular lesions made of shunts between cerebral arteries and veins without the interposition of a capillary bed. The majority of bAVMs are asymptomatic, but some may be revealed by seizures and potentially life-threatening brain hemorrhage. The management of unruptured bAVMs remains a matter of debate. Significant progress in the understanding of their pathogenesis has been made during the last decade, particularly using genome sequencing and biomolecular analysis. Herein, we comprehensively review the recent molecular and genetic advances in the study of bAVMs that not only allow a better understanding of the genesis and growth of bAVMs, but also open new insights in medical treatment perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vetiska
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Wälchli
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Group of CNS Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Neuroscience Center Zurich, and Division of Neurosurgery, University and University Hospital Zurich, and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Radovanovic
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Moncef Berhouma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France. .,CREATIS Lab, CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U1294, Lyon 1, University, Lyon, France.
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3
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Florian IA, Beni L, Moisoiu V, Timis TL, Florian IS, Balașa A, Berindan-Neagoe I. 'De Novo' Brain AVMs-Hypotheses for Development and a Systematic Review of Reported Cases. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:201. [PMID: 33652628 PMCID: PMC7996785 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Brain arteriovenous malformations AVMs have been consistently regarded as congenital malformations of the cerebral vasculature. However, recent case reports describing "de novo AVMs" have sparked a growing debate on the nature of these lesions. Materials and Methods: We have performed a systematic review of the literature concerning de novo AVMs utilizing the PubMed and Google Academic databases. Termes used in the search were "AVM," "arteriovenous," "de novo," and "acquired," in all possible combinations. Results: 53 articles including a total of 58 patients harboring allegedly acquired AVMs were identified by researching the literature. Of these, 32 were male (55.17%), and 25 were female (43.10%). Mean age at de novo AVM diagnosis was 27.833 years (standard deviation (SD) of 21.215 years and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 22.3 to 33.3). Most de novo AVMs were managed via microsurgical resection (20 out of 58, 34.48%), followed by radiosurgery and conservative treatment for 11 patients (18.97%) each, endovascular embolization combined with resection for five patients (8.62%), and embolization alone for three (5.17%), the remaining eight cases (13.79%) having an unspecified therapy. Conclusions: Increasing evidence suggests that some of the AVMs discovered develop some time after birth. We are still a long way from finally elucidating their true nature, though there is reason to believe that they can also appear after birth. Thus, we reason that the de novo AVMs are the result of a 'second hit' of a variable type, such as a previous intracranial hemorrhage or vascular pathology. The congenital or acquired characteristic of AVMs may have a tremendous impact on prognosis, risk of hemorrhage, and short and long-term management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Alexandru Florian
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.B.); (V.M.); (I.S.F.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lehel Beni
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.B.); (V.M.); (I.S.F.)
| | - Vlad Moisoiu
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.B.); (V.M.); (I.S.F.)
| | - Teodora Larisa Timis
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioan Stefan Florian
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.B.); (V.M.); (I.S.F.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Balașa
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Tîrgu Mureș County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Tîrgu Mureș, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tîrgu Mureș University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540139 Tîrgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine, and Translational Medicine, Institute of Doctoral Studies, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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4
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Nagai Y, Anan M, Fujiki M. Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations as Acquired Lesions: Case Reports and Review of the Literature. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:105157. [PMID: 32912502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are generally attributed to congenital lesions that arise from aberrant vasculogenesis between the fourth and eighth weeks of embryonic life. However, this dogma has been challenged by several recent observations, one of which is de novo formation of AVMs. Forty cases of de novo AVMs were published between 2000 and 2019, all of which involved a history of intracranial insult, such as vascular abnormalities or nonvascular conditions, prior to AVM diagnosis. We hereby present two unique operative cases of ruptured de novo AVMs in older adult patients. Case 1 is novel in the sense that the patient did not experience any kind of environmental trigger ("second hit") such as a previous intracranial insult, while Case 2 serves as the second report of a de novo AVM patient with a medical history of Bell's palsy. Although the exact mechanisms of AVM formation remain to be elucidated, it is likely to be a multifactorial process related to environmental and hemodynamic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Nagai
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Beppu Medical Center, 1473 Uchikamado, Beppu, Oita 8740011, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Anan
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Beppu Medical Center, 1473 Uchikamado, Beppu, Oita 8740011, Japan
| | - Minoru Fujiki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 8795593, Japan
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5
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Tasiou A, Tzerefos C, Alleyne CH, Boccardi E, Karlsson B, Kitchen N, Spetzler RF, Tolias CM, Fountas KN. Arteriovenous Malformations: Congenital or Acquired Lesions? World Neurosurg 2019; 134:e799-e807. [PMID: 31715403 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were believed to be congenital. However, an increasing number of de novo AVM cases have questioned this doctrine. METHODS A consensus meeting of international experts attempted to establish a consensus on the nature of these relatively rare but challenging vascular lesions. In addition, an extensive search of the subject was performed using the PubMed medical database. RESULTS All participants agreed that genetic factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of AVMs. All but 1 participant believed that an underlying genetic predisposition may be detected later on in a patient's life, whereas genetic variations may contribute to sporadic AVM formation. The presence of genetic variations alone may not be enough for an AVM formation. A second hit is probably required. This consensus opinion is also supported by our literature search. CONCLUSIONS We discuss the literature on the genetics of AVMs and compare it with the consensus meeting outcomes. The congenital or noncongenital character of intracranial AVMs has an impact on the understanding their biological behavior, as well as their efficient short-term and long-term management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Tasiou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Christos Tzerefos
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Edoardo Boccardi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Bengt Karlsson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Neil Kitchen
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert F Spetzler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Christos M Tolias
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, Kings College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kostas N Fountas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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6
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Gondar R, El Rahal A, Kulcsár Z, Schaller K, Momjian S. Spontaneous appearance of de novo intracranial arteriovenous malformation in hepatic cirrhosis. Neurochirurgie 2019; 65:393-396. [PMID: 31605684 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2019.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare lesions that can be congenital or acquired in early childhood, with fatal outcome in approximately 30% of cases. De novo formation during adulthood without established predisposing vascular pathology or previous brain insult is even less frequent. CASE DESCRIPTION We present a case of de novo brain AVM in an alcoholic Child-B cirrhosis setting. Thirty previously reported cases presented de novo AVM in patients of all ages that had another previous brain pathology or insult, such as AVM resection. Seventeen of those cases occurred in adult patients, with only 2 showing no significant predisposing factor. The present pathophysiological review covers and completes Mullan's hemodynamic "two-hit" model, associating probable thrombotic predisposition to AVM with brain insult triggering a later stage based on angiogenic stimuli. CONCLUSIONS This case report and literature review renews previously discussed hemodynamic theories and contributes to a fuller understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of AVM. We postulate a causal link between hepatopathy and de novo AVM, which should be strengthened and interpreted based on recent genetic data and future prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gondar
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Spine Surgery and Neurosurgery, University of Fribourg, Hôpital Fribourgeois, Chemin des Pensionnats 2-6, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - A El Rahal
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Z Kulcsár
- Interventional Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Frauenklinikstraße 10, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K Schaller
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Momjian
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
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7
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Dogan SN, Bagcilar O, Mammadov T, Kizilkilic O, Islak C, Kocer N. De Novo Development of a Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation: Case Report and Review of the Literature. World Neurosurg 2019; 126:257-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.02.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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Coebergh JAF, Lauw RF, Sommer IEC, Blom JD. Musical hallucinations and their relation with epilepsy. J Neurol 2019; 266:1501-1515. [PMID: 30972497 PMCID: PMC6517562 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Musical hallucinations are poorly understood phenomena. Their relation with epilepsy was first described over a century ago, but never systematically explored. We, therefore, reviewed the literature, and assessed all descriptions of musical hallucinations attributed to epileptic activity. Our search yielded 191 articles, which together describe 983 unique patients, with 24 detailed descriptions of musical hallucinations related to epilepsy. We also describe six of our own patients. Based on the phenomenological descriptions and neurophysiological data, we distinguish four subgroups of epilepsy-related musical hallucination, comprising auras/ictal, inter-ictal and post-ictal phenomena, and phenomena related to brain stimulation. The case descriptions suggest that musical hallucinations in epilepsy can be conceptualised as lying on a continuum with other auditory hallucinations, including verbal auditory hallucinations, and—notably—tinnitus. To account for the underlying mechanism we propose a Bayesian model involving top-down and bottom-up prediction errors within the auditory network that incorporates findings from EEG and MEG studies. An analysis of phenomenological characteristics, pharmacological triggers, and treatment effects suggests wider ramifications for understanding musical hallucinations. We, therefore, conclude that musical hallucinations in epilepsy open a window to understanding these phenomena in a variety of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A F Coebergh
- Department of Neurology, Haga Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Ashford and St. Peter's Hospital, Chertsey, UK.,Department of Neurology, St. George's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Tooting, London, England, UK
| | - R F Lauw
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - I E C Sommer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J D Blom
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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9
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Dalton A, Dobson G, Prasad M, Mukerji N. De novo intracerebral arteriovenous malformations and a review of the theories of their formation. Br J Neurosurg 2018; 32:305-311. [DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2018.1478060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Dalton
- James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - G. Dobson
- James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - M. Prasad
- James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - N. Mukerji
- James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
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10
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Lv X, Wang G. Review of de novo cerebral arteriovenous malformation: haemorrhage risk, treatment approaches and outcomes. Neuroradiol J 2018; 31:224-229. [PMID: 29469668 PMCID: PMC5958505 DOI: 10.1177/1971400918759811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective A small number of patients has been reported to develop a completely new or de novo arteriovenous malformation (AVM) after brain surgery, haemorrhage, head trauma or ischaemic stroke. The natural history of these lesions is unknown. In this review, both ruptured and unruptured de novo AVMs and their treatments were reviewed. Methods Published literature in the PubMed database citing 'de novo cerebral arteriovenous malformation' was reviewed. Additional studies were identified through reference searches in each reviewed article. A review was performed using all published cases, the treatment approaches and outcomes. Results A total of 38 patients, including 37 de novo AVMs reported from 1988 to 17 November 2017 and our one patient, was collected. The age at AVM diagnosis was 5-73 years (mean ± SD, 27.6 ± 20.5 years). The duration time, from negative examination to AVM diagnosis, was 2 months to 25 years (mean ± SD, 6.6 ± 4.9 years). The presentation of de novo AVM was headaches in three (7.9%) patients, bleedings in 12 (31.6%), incidental in 14 (36.8%) and seizure in nine (23.7%). The estimated risk of haemorrhage was 4.8% per year. Seventeen (44.7%) patients were treated with surgical resection, 10 (26.3%) were conservatively observed, nine (23.7%) were treated with radiosurgery and two (5.3%) were endovascularly embolised. The morbidity and mortality were reported as 5.3% and 7.9%, respectively. Conclusion Post-natal de novo AVMs have been reported. Their annual haemorrhage risk is 4.8%. Most of them are treated by surgical resection and are associated with morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guihuai Wang
- Guihuai Wang, Neurosurgery Department, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Changping, Litanglu 168, Beijing 102218, China.
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11
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Santos R, Aguilar-Salinas P, Entwistle JJ, Aldana PR, Beier AD, Hanel RA. De Novo Arteriovenous Malformation in a Pediatric Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature. World Neurosurg 2018; 111:341-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.12.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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BOŞNAK MEHMET, KURT AKİFHAKAN, YAMAN SELMA. BEYNİMİZİN MÜZİK FİZYOLOJİSİ. KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNIVERSITESI TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2017. [DOI: 10.17517/ksutfd.296621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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13
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Shi S, Gupta R, Moore JM, Griessenauer CJ, Adeeb N, Motiei-Langroudi R, Thomas AJ, Ogilvy CS. De novo AVM formation following venous sinus thrombosis and prior AVM resection in adults: report of 2 cases. J Neurosurg 2017; 128:506-510. [PMID: 28186446 DOI: 10.3171/2016.9.jns161710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are traditionally considered congenital lesions, arising from aberrant vascular development during the intrauterine period. Rarely, however, AVMs develop in the postnatal period. Individual case reports of de novo AVM formation in both pediatric and adult patients have challenged the traditional dogma of a congenital origin. Instead, for these cases, a dynamic picture is emerging of AVM growth and development, initially triggered by ischemic and/or traumatic events, coupled with genetic predispositions. A number of pathophysiological descriptions involving aberrant angiogenic responses following trauma, hemorrhage, or inflammation have been proposed, although the exact etiology of these lesions remains to be elucidated. Here, the authors present 2 cases of de novo AVM formation in adult patients. The first case involves the development of an AVM following a venous sinus thrombosis and to the authors' knowledge is the first of its kind to be reported in the literature. They also present a case in which an elderly patient with a previously ruptured AVM developed a second AVM in the contralateral hemisphere 11 years later. In addition to presenting these cases, the authors propose a possible mechanism for de novo AVM development in adult patients following ischemic injury.
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15
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Pabaney AH, Rammo RA, Tahir RA, Seyfried D. Development of De Novo Arteriovenous Malformation Following Ischemic Stroke: Case Report and Review of Current Literature. World Neurosurg 2016; 96:608.e5-608.e12. [PMID: 27671884 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are hypothesized to be static, congenital lesions developing as early as 4 weeks of fetal life. New literature has shown that AVMs may represent dynamic and reactive vascular lesions arising from cerebral infarction, inflammation, or trauma. A literature search reveals 17 previously reported cases of new AVM formation after previous negative imaging studies. This reactive development or "second hit" theory suggests that at a molecular level, growth factors may play a vital role in aberrant angiogenesis and maturation of an arteriovenous fistula into an AVM. CASE DESCRIPTION A 52-year-old female presented with a ruptured left frontal AVM demonstrated by computed tomography angiography and digital subtraction angiography. The patient had suffered an acute ischemic stroke in the similar cerebral vascular territory 8 years prior due to left internal carotid artery occlusion. Detailed neuroimaging at that time failed to reveal any vascular malformation, suggesting that the AVM might have developed in response to initial vascular insult. CONCLUSIONS We believe that there might exist a subset of AVMs that display dynamic characteristics and could potentially appear, grow, or resolve spontaneously without intervention, especially in the presence of local growth factors and molecular signaling cascades. When combined with a previous cerebral insult such as stroke, trauma, or inflammation, de novo AVM formation may represent a "second hit" with abnormal angiogenesis and vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqueel H Pabaney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
| | - Richard A Rammo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Rizwan A Tahir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Donald Seyfried
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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16
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Golden EC, Josephs KA. Minds on replay: musical hallucinations and their relationship to neurological disease. Brain 2015; 138:3793-802. [PMID: 26446167 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of musical hallucinations, in which individuals perceive music in the absence of an external auditory stimulus, has been described sparingly in the literature through small case reports and series. Musical hallucinations have been linked to multiple associated conditions, including psychiatric and neurologic disease, brain lesions, drug effect, and hearing impairment. This study aimed to review the demographics of subjects with musical hallucinations and to determine the prevalence of neurological disorders, particularly neurodegenerative disease. Through the Mayo medical record, 393 subjects with musical hallucinations were identified and divided into five categories based on comorbid conditions that have been associated with musical hallucinations: neurological, psychiatric, structural, drug effect and not otherwise classifiable. Variables, including hearing impairment and the presence of visual and other auditory hallucinations, were evaluated independently in all five groups. The mean age at onset of the hallucinations was 56 years, ranging from 18 to 98 years, and 65.4% of the subjects were female. Neurological disease and focal brain lesions were found in 25% and 9% of the total subjects, respectively. Sixty-five subjects were identified with a neurodegenerative disorder, with the Lewy body disorders being the most common. Visual hallucinations were more common in the group with neurological disease compared to the psychiatric, structural, and not otherwise classifiable groups (P < 0.001), whereas auditory hallucinations were more common in the psychiatric group compared to all other groups (P < 0.001). Structural lesions associated with musical hallucinations involved both hemispheres with a preference towards the left, and all but two included the temporal lobe. Hearing impairment was common, particularly in the not otherwise classifiable category where 67.2% had documented hearing impairment, more than in any other group (P < 0.001). Those with an underlying neurodegenerative disorder or isolated hearing impairment tended to hear more persistent music, which was often religious and patriotic compared to those with a structural lesion, where more modern music was heard, and those with psychiatric disorders where music was mood-congruent. This case series shows that musical hallucinations can occur in association with a wide variety of conditions, of which neurological disease and brain lesions represent a substantial proportion, and that Lewy body disorders are the most commonly associated neurodegenerative diseases. A future prospective study would be helpful to further delineate an association between musical hallucinations and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Golden
- Department of Neurology, Division of Behavioural Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Keith A Josephs
- Department of Neurology, Division of Behavioural Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Coebergh JAF, Lauw RF, Bots R, Sommer IEC, Blom JD. Musical hallucinations: review of treatment effects. Front Psychol 2015; 6:814. [PMID: 26136708 PMCID: PMC4468361 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite an increased scientific interest in musical hallucinations over the past 25 years, treatment protocols are still lacking. This may well be due to the fact that musical hallucinations have multiple causes, and that published cases are relatively rare. OBJECTIVE To review the effects of published treatment methods for musical hallucinations. METHODS A literature search yielded 175 articles discussing a total number of 516 cases, of which 147 articles discussed treatment in 276 individuals. We analyzed the treatment results in relation to the etiological factor considered responsible for the mediation of the musical hallucinations, i.e., idiopathic/hypoacusis, psychiatric disorder, brain lesion, and other pathology, epilepsy or intoxication/pharmacology. RESULTS Musical hallucinations can disappear without intervention. When hallucinations are bearable, patients can be reassured without any other treatment. However, in other patients musical hallucinations are so disturbing that treatment is indicated. Distinct etiological groups appear to respond differently to treatment. In the hypoacusis group, treating the hearing impairment can yield significant improvement and coping strategies (e.g., more acoustic stimulation) are frequently helpful. Pharmacological treatment methods can also be successful, with antidepressants being possibly more helpful than antiepileptics (which are still better than antipsychotics). The limited use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors has looked promising. Musical hallucinations occurring as part of a psychiatric disorder tend to respond well to psychopharmacological treatments targeting the underlying disorder. Musical hallucinations experienced in the context of brain injuries and epilepsy tend to respond well to antiepileptics, but their natural course is often benign, irrespective of any pharmacological treatment. When intoxication/pharmacology is the main etiological factor, it is important to stop or switch the causative substance or medication. CONCLUSION Treatments for musical hallucinations tend to yield favorable results when they target the main etiological factor of these phenomena. There is a need to establish the natural course of musical hallucinations, their response to non-pharmacological treatments, and their effects on the patient's quality of life. There is also a need to standardize the assessment of treatment responses, and document long-term follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A. F. Coebergh
- Department of Neurology, Haga HospitalThe Hague, Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Ashford/St. Peter's HospitalChertsey, UK
- Department of Neurology, St. George's HospitalLondon, UK
| | - R. F. Lauw
- Parnassia Psychiatric InstituteThe Hague, Netherlands
| | - R. Bots
- ‘S Heeren LooNoordwijk, Netherlands
| | - I. E. C. Sommer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht, Netherlands
- Brain Centre Rudolf MagnusUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - J. D. Blom
- Parnassia Psychiatric InstituteThe Hague, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
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Neil JA, Li D, Stiefel MF, Hu YC. Symptomatic de novo arteriovenous malformation in an adult: Case report and review of the literature. Surg Neurol Int 2014; 5:148. [PMID: 25371848 PMCID: PMC4209707 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.142796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) have been long thought to be a congenital anomaly of vasculogenesis in which arteries and veins form direct connections forming a vascular nidus without an intervening capillary bed or neural tissue. Scattered case reports have described that AVMs may form de novo suggesting they can become an acquired lesion. CASE DESCRIPTION The current case report describes a patient who presented with new-onset seizures with an initial negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and subsequently developed an AVM on a MRI 9 years later. CONCLUSION This case joins a small, but growing body of literature that challenges the notion that all AVMs are congenital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayson A Neil
- Department of Neurological Surgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Daphne Li
- Department of Neurological Surgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Michael F Stiefel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Yin C Hu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
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De novo cerebral arteriovenous malformations: is epileptic seizure a potential trigger? Childs Nerv Syst 2014; 30:1277-81. [PMID: 24714803 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-014-2413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
MATERIAL AND METHODS The pathogenesis of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (cAVMs) is still not well understood. Generally, cAVMs are thought to be congenital lesions originating prenatally. We report a 7-year-old boy diagnosed with a de novo cAVM after 3 years of recurrent epileptic seizures. RESULTS MR imaging at 4 years of age was normal. Follow-up MR imaging 3 years later demonstrated a de novo 2-cm cAVM in the right occipital lobe, confirmed by conventional angiography. We reviewed five previously reported cases of de novo cAVMs who did not have a previous neurovascular abnormality. Including our case, recurrent epileptic seizures are the major presentation (83.3 %) before de novo cAVM occurrence. CONCLUSION We suggest that epileptic seizure is a potential trigger of de novo cAVMs.
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Spasić M, Lukić S, Perić Z, Savić D, Bjelaković B. Cerebral arteriovenous malformation presenting late in life. J Emerg Med 2013; 44:1151-1152. [PMID: 23466020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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