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Cannata D, Chin KA, Anslip A, She T, Lotterman S, Herbst T, Herbst MK. Association of biliary distention with a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Am J Emerg Med 2024; 81:130-135. [PMID: 38728935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2024.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallbladder distention has been described in radiology literature but its value on point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) performed by emergency physicians is unclear. We sought to determine the test characteristics of gallbladder distention on PoCUS for cholecystitis (acute or chronic), and secondarily whether distention was associated with an obstructing stone-in-neck (SIN), acute cholecystitis on subsequent pathology report, and longer cholecystectomy operative times. METHODS This was a dual-site retrospective cohort study of all Emergency Department (ED) patients that underwent diagnostic biliary PoCUS and were subsequently admitted from 11/1/2020 to 10/31/2022. Patients with pregnancy, liver failure, ascites, hepatobiliary cancer, prior cholecystectomy, or known cholecystitis were excluded. Gallbladder distention was defined as a width ≥4 cm or a length ≥10 cm. Saved ultrasound images were reviewed by three independent reviewers who obtained measurements during the review. Test characteristics, Cohen's kappa (κ), and strength of association between distention and our variables (acute cholecystitis on pathology report and SIN on PoCUS) were calculated using a Chi Square analysis, where intervention (cholecystectomy, percutaneous cholecystostomy, or intravenous antibiotics) was used as the reference standard for AC. A one-tail two sample t-test was calculated for mean operative times. RESULTS Of 280 admitted patients who underwent ED biliary PoCUS, 53 were excluded, and 227 were analyzed. Of the 227 patients, 113 (49.8%) had cholecystitis according to our reference standard, and 68 (30.0%) had distention on PoCUS: 32 distended by both width and length, 16 distended by width alone, and 20 distended by length alone. Agreement between investigators was substantial for width (κ 0.630) and length (κ 0.676). Distention was 85.09% (95% CI 77.20-91.07%) specific and 45.1% (95% CI 35.8-54.8%) sensitive for cholecystitis. There was an association between distention and SIN; odds ratio (OR) 2.76 (95% CI 1.54-4.97). Distention of both length and width was associated with acute over chronic cholecystitis; OR 4.32 (95% CI 1.42-13.14). Among patients with acute cholecystitis, mean operative times were 114 min in patients with distention and 89 min in patients without distention (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Gallbladder distention on PoCUS was specific for cholecystitis (acute or chronic), and associated with SIN, acute cholecystitis on subsequent pathology report, and longer cholecystectomy operative times. Measurement of gallbladder dimensions as part of the assessment of cholecystitis may be advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cannata
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Kyle A Chin
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Abeid Anslip
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Trent She
- Hartford Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Hartford, CT, United States of America
| | - Seth Lotterman
- Hartford Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Hartford, CT, United States of America
| | - Timothy Herbst
- Jefferson Radiology, East Hartford, CT, United States of America
| | - Meghan Kelly Herbst
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America.
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Wu X, Li K, Kou S, Wu X, Zhang Z. The Accuracy of Point-of-Care Ultrasound in the Detection of Gallbladder Disease: A Meta-analysis. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:1336-1343. [PMID: 37838525 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematically assess the diagnostic value of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) in the detection of gallbladder diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies up to May 22, 2023. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, area under the curve of summary receiver operating characteristic were calculated using the bivariate model. Subgroup analysis based on cholecystitis and cholelithiasis was conducted. RESULTS A total of seven studies with 1464 participants were identified in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity of POCUS for the detection of gallbladder disease was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.93) and the pooled specificity was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.96). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of POCUS for the detection of acute cholecystitis were 0.73 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.86) and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.82, 0.98). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of POCUS for the detection of gallstones were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91, 0.96) and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91, 0.95). CONCLUSION POCUS was a favorable modality for the detection of patients suspected of gallbladder disease, especially for cholelithiasis. Physicians are advised to use POCUS in clinical practice as a non-invasive test to detect gallbladder disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua 617067, China (X.W., K.L., X.W., Z.Z.).
| | - Keji Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua 617067, China (X.W., K.L., X.W., Z.Z.)
| | - Sen Kou
- Department of Ultrasound, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua 617067, China (X.W., K.L., X.W., Z.Z.)
| | - Xianxiu Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua 617067, China (X.W., K.L., X.W., Z.Z.)
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua 617067, China (X.W., K.L., X.W., Z.Z.)
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Joyce A, Snelling PJ, Elsayed T, Keijzers G. Point-of-care ultrasound to diagnose acute cholecystitis in the emergency department: A scoping review. Australas J Ultrasound Med 2024; 27:26-41. [PMID: 38434543 PMCID: PMC10902832 DOI: 10.1002/ajum.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction/Purpose Ultrasound is the first-line imaging modality for suspected acute cholecystitis. This can be radiology-performed ultrasound or point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). POCUS can potentially streamline patient assessment in the emergency department (ED). The primary objective was to evaluate the literature for the diagnostic accuracy of POCUS performed for acute cholecystitis in the ED. Secondary objectives were to assess the effect of POCUS operator training on diagnostic accuracy for acute cholecystitis, utility of POCUS measurement of the common bile duct and POCUS impact on resource utilisation. Methods A systematic scoping review of articles was conducted using Medline, Embase, CENTRAL and CINAHL. Original studies of adults with POCUS performed for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in the ED were included. The study was reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist (PRISMA-ScR). Results A total of 1090 publications were identified. Forty-six met the eligibility criteria. Studies were thematically grouped into categories according to specified objectives. Point-of-care ultrasound was of acceptable but variable accuracy, contributed to by the absence of a consistent reference standard and uniform training requirements. It may positively impact ED resource utilisation through reduced ED length of stay and radiology-performed imaging, whilst improving patient experience. Conclusion This review highlights the heterogeneity of existing research, emphasising the need for standardisation of training and reference standards in order to precisely define the utility of POCUS for acute cholecystitis in the ED and its benefits on ED resource utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Joyce
- Department of Emergency MedicineGold Coast University HospitalSouthportQueenslandAustralia
| | - Peter J Snelling
- Department of Emergency MedicineGold Coast University HospitalSouthportQueenslandAustralia
- School of Medicine and DentistryGriffith UniversitySouthportQueenslandAustralia
- Sonography Innovation and Research GroupSouthportQueenslandAustralia
| | - Tarek Elsayed
- Department of Emergency MedicineGold Coast University HospitalSouthportQueenslandAustralia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and MedicineBond UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Gerben Keijzers
- Department of Emergency MedicineGold Coast University HospitalSouthportQueenslandAustralia
- School of Medicine and DentistryGriffith UniversitySouthportQueenslandAustralia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and MedicineBond UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
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Kameda T, Ishii H, Oya S, Katabami K, Kodama T, Sera M, Takei H, Taniguchi H, Nakao S, Funakoshi H, Yamaga S, Senoo S, Kimura A. Guidance for clinical practice using emergency and point-of-care ultrasonography. Acute Med Surg 2024; 11:e974. [PMID: 38933992 PMCID: PMC11201855 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Owing to the miniaturization of diagnostic ultrasound scanners and their spread of their bedside use, ultrasonography has been actively utilized in emergency situations. Ultrasonography performed by medical personnel with focused approaches at the bedside for clinical decision-making and improving the quality of invasive procedures is now called point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS). The concept of POCUS has spread worldwide; however, in Japan, formal clinical guidance concerning POCUS is lacking, except for the application of focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) and ultrasound-guided central venous cannulation. The Committee for the Promotion of POCUS in the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine (JAAM) has often discussed improving the quality of acute care using POCUS, and the "Clinical Guidance for Emergency and Point-of-Care Ultrasonography" was finally established with the endorsement of JAAM. The background, targets for acute care physicians, rationale based on published articles, and integrated application were mentioned in this guidance. The core points include the fundamental principles of ultrasound, airway, chest, cardiac, abdominal, and deep venous ultrasound, ultrasound-guided procedures, and the usage of ultrasound based on symptoms. Additional points, which are currently being considered as potential core points in the future, have also been widely mentioned. This guidance describes the overview and future direction of ultrasonography for acute care physicians and can be utilized for emergency ultrasound education. We hope this guidance will contribute to the effective use of ultrasonography in acute care settings in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kameda
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeJapan
| | - Hiromoto Ishii
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care MedicineNippon Medical SchoolTokyoJapan
| | - Seiro Oya
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Emergency MedicineShizuoka Medical CenterShizuokaJapan
| | - Kenichi Katabami
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care CenterHokkaido University HospitalSapporoJapan
| | - Takamitsu Kodama
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Emergency and General Internal MedicineTajimi City HospitalTajimiJapan
| | - Makoto Sera
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Emergency MedicineFukui Prefectural HospitalFukuiJapan
| | - Hirokazu Takei
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Emergency MedicineHyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's HospitalKobeJapan
| | - Hayato Taniguchi
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Advanced Critical Care and Emergency CenterYokohama City University Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Shunichiro Nakao
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Hiraku Funakoshi
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care MedicineTokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical CenterUrayasuJapan
| | - Satoshi Yamaga
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Radiation Disaster Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and MedicineHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Satomi Senoo
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care MedicineSaiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu HospitalYokohamaJapan
| | - Akio Kimura
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Emergency and Critical CareCenter Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
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Ultrasound Guidelines: Emergency, Point-of-Care, and Clinical Ultrasound Guidelines in Medicine. Ann Emerg Med 2023; 82:e115-e155. [PMID: 37596025 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
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Polyzogopoulou E, Velliou M, Verras C, Ventoulis I, Parissis J, Osterwalder J, Hoffmann B. Point-of-Care Ultrasound: A Multimodal Tool for the Management of Sepsis in the Emergency Department. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1180. [PMID: 37374384 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are life-threatening emergencies associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Hence, early diagnosis and management of both conditions is of paramount importance. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a cost-effective and safe imaging modality performed at the bedside, which has rapidly emerged as an excellent multimodal tool and has been gradually incorporated as an adjunct to physical examination in order to facilitate evaluation, diagnosis and management. In sepsis, POCUS can assist in the evaluation of undifferentiated sepsis, while, in cases of shock, it can contribute to the differential diagnosis of other types of shock, thus facilitating the decision-making process. Other potential benefits of POCUS include prompt identification and control of the source of infection, as well as close haemodynamic and treatment monitoring. The aim of this review is to determine and highlight the role of POCUS in the evaluation, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of the septic patient. Future research should focus on developing and implementing a well-defined algorithmic approach for the POCUS-guided management of sepsis in the emergency department setting given its unequivocal utility as a multimodal tool for the overall evaluation and management of the septic patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effie Polyzogopoulou
- Emergency Medicine Department, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Velliou
- Emergency Medicine Department, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Verras
- Emergency Medicine Department, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
- National Centre of Emergency Care (EKAB), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ventoulis
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Western Macedonia, 50200 Ptolemaida, Greece
| | - John Parissis
- Emergency Medicine Department, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Beatrice Hoffmann
- Department of Emergency Medicine BIDMC, One Deaconess Rd, WCC2, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Shalaby M, Arslan O, Mechanic O, Zitek T. Low CERVICAL-2 plane block, a proposed regional anesthetic technique for acute cholecystitis. Am J Emerg Med 2023; 71:69-73. [PMID: 37343341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute cholecystitis is a painful inflammatory disease of the gallbladder. The Low Cervical-2 Plane Block is a retrolaminar block that targets the C3, C4, and C5 spinal nerves, which provide sensory innervation to the gallbladder, in order to potentially provide analgesia to patients with pain associated with acute cholecystitis. METHODS In this brief report, a softly embalmed cadaver was injected with a dye mixture bilaterally. RESULTS Subsequent cadaveric dissection revealed spread of the injectate deep to the prevertebral fascia to the C4 lamina on the right side and the C5 lamina on the left side. Also, diffusion of the anesthetic over the ligamenta flava could spread inferiorly and laterally to the spinal nerve roots of C3-C5 and thus potentially target the direct sensory innervation of the gallbladder. CONCLUSION The Low Cervical-2 Plane Block is a potentially effective modality for treating intractable pain from acute cholecystitis. However, further cadaveric injections are needed to confirm the exact extent of spread of anesthetic. Clinical application of the Low Cervical-2 Plane Block in patients with acute cholecystitis is needed to establish the efficacy of this theoretical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shalaby
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at Florida International University, Advanced Emergency Ultrasound, Mount Sinai Medical Center Miami Beach, 4300 Alton Road, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA.
| | - Orhan Arslan
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Oren Mechanic
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at Florida International University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center Miami Beach, 4300 Alton Road, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA.
| | - Tony Zitek
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at Florida International University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center Miami Beach, 4300 Alton Road, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA.
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Dupriez F, de Castro BR, Gendebien F, Fasseaux A, Gensburger M, Marissiaux L, Penaloza A, Bobbia X, Jarman R. Is gallbladder PoCUS diagnostic accuracy accessible to medical students after PoCUS training exclusively on healthy volunteers? A pilot randomized control trial. Ultrasound J 2023; 15:18. [PMID: 37036612 PMCID: PMC10086079 DOI: 10.1186/s13089-023-00317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) is increasingly used in clinical practice and is now included in many undergraduate curricula. Here, we aimed to determine whether medical students who participated in a PoCUS teaching program with several practical training sessions involving healthy volunteers could achieve a good level of diagnostic accuracy in identifying gallbladder pathologies. The intervention group (IG) was trained exclusively on volunteers with a healthy gallbladder, whereas the control group (CG) had access to volunteers with a pathological gallbladder as recommended in most PoCUS curricula. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty medical students were randomly assigned to the IG and CG. After completing the training program over 2 months, students were evaluated by three independent examiners. Students and examiners were blind to group allocation and study outcome. Sensitivity and specificity of students' PoCUS gallstone diagnosis were assessed. Secondary outcomes were students' confidence, image quality, acquisition time, and PoCUS skills. RESULTS Sensitivity and specificity for gallstone diagnosis were, respectively, 0.85 and 0.97 in the IG and 0.80 and 0.83 in the CG. Areas under the curve (AUC) based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were 0.91 and 0.82 in the IG and CG, respectively, with no significant difference (p = 0.271) and an AUC difference of -0.092. No significant between-group difference was found for the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our pilot study showed that medical students can develop PoCUS diagnostic accuracy after training on healthy volunteers. If these findings are confirmed in a larger sample, this could favor the delivery of large practical teaching sessions without the need to include patients with pathology, thus facilitating PoCUS training for students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Dupriez
- Emergency Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Av Hippocrate 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | - Félix Gendebien
- Emergency Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Av Hippocrate 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Emergency Department, Hôpital de Jolimont - Lobbes, Lobbes, Belgium
| | - Antoine Fasseaux
- Emergency Department, Hôpital de Jolimont - Lobbes, Haine-Saint-Paul, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Gensburger
- Emergency Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurent Marissiaux
- Emergency Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Andrea Penaloza
- Emergency Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Av Hippocrate 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier Bobbia
- Emergency Department, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Robert Jarman
- Emergency Department, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, UK
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Archer J, Beck S. Accuracy and clinical use of biliary point-of-care ultrasound: A retrospective cohort study. Emerg Med Australas 2023; 35:218-224. [PMID: 36196041 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the utilisation and diagnostic accuracy of biliary point-of-care ultrasounds (POCUS) performed and archived in a single New Zealand ED. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of clinically indicated biliary POCUS, archived from 1 October 2019 to 20 May 2020. POCUS interpretation was compared to expert review and radiology imaging when available. The clinician interpretations, diagnostic imaging results and surgical referrals were extracted from electronic medical records. Archived POCUS images were retrospectively reviewed by an expert to determine diagnostic quality, sonographic findings and imaging errors. RESULTS A total of 133 ultrasounds were included; 118 (90%) archived images were of diagnostic quality. The presence or absence of gallstones was documented in 124 (93%), and other sonographic findings were less consistently documented. There was almost perfect agreement with expert review for gallstones (κ = 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.72-0.93) and substantial agreement for wall thickening (κ = 0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.42-0.83). For patients discharged following negative POCUS without radiology imaging or surgical review no patients returned and received a diagnosis of cholecystitis over 6 months of follow-up. Imaging errors included failure to visualise the gallbladder neck, misinterpretation of artefacts and technical errors in measurement of the gallbladder wall. CONCLUSION Biliary POCUS was primarily utilised for and was accurate for the detection of gallstones. Further quality assurance and training could be directed at earlier credentialing to address technical errors and improved documentation of POCUS findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Archer
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sierra Beck
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Emergency Department, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Kim DJ, Bell CR, Jelic T, Thavanathan R, Heslop CL, Myslik F, Lewis D, Atkinson P, Chenkin J, Buchanan IM, Olszynski P, Sheppard G, Burwash-Brennan T, Lalande E. Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) Literature Primer: Key Papers on Renal and Biliary POCUS. Cureus 2023; 15:e37294. [PMID: 37168176 PMCID: PMC10166360 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study is to identify the top five influential papers published on renal point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) and the top five influential papers on biliary POCUS in adult patients. Methods A 14-member expert panel was recruited from the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Emergency Ultrasound Committee and the Canadian Ultrasound Fellowship Collaborative. All panel members have had ultrasound fellowship training or equivalent, are actively engaged in POCUS scholarship, and are involved with POCUS at their local site and nationally in Canada. We used a modified Delphi process consisting of three rounds of sequential surveys and discussion to achieve consensus on the top five influential papers for renal POCUS and biliary POCUS. Results The panel identified 27 relevant papers on renal POCUS and 30 relevant papers on biliary POCUS. All panel members participated in all three rounds of the modified Delphi process, and after completing this process, we identified the five most influential papers on renal POCUS and the five most influential papers on biliary POCUS. Conclusion We have developed a list, based on expert opinion, of the top five influential papers on renal and biliary POCUS to better inform all trainees and clinicians on how to use these applications in a more evidence-based manner. This list will also be of interest to clinicians and researchers who strive to further advance the field of POCUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Colin R Bell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, CAN
| | - Tomislav Jelic
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, CAN
| | | | - Claire L Heslop
- Department of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, CAN
| | - Frank Myslik
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, CAN
| | - David Lewis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, CAN
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University New Brunswick, Saint John, CAN
| | - Paul Atkinson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, CAN
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University New Brunswick, Saint John, CAN
| | - Jordan Chenkin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, CAN
| | - Ian M Buchanan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, CAN
| | - Paul Olszynski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, CAN
| | - Gillian Sheppard
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, CAN
| | | | - Elizabeth Lalande
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, CAN
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11
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Dumbrava BD, Bass GA, Jumean A, Birido N, Corbally M, Pereira J, Biloslavo A, Zago M, Walsh TN. The Accuracy of Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) in Acute Gallbladder Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071248. [PMID: 37046466 PMCID: PMC10093186 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing recognition that point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), performed by the clinician at the bedside, can be a natural extension of the clinical examination—the modern abdominal “stethoscope” and provides an opportunity to expedite the care pathway for patients with acute gallbladder disease. The primary aims of this study were to benchmark the accuracy of surgeon-performed POCUS in suspected acute gallbladder disease against standard radiology or pathology reports and to compare time to POCUS diagnosis with time to definitive imaging. This prospective single-arm observational cohort study was conducted in four hospitals in Ireland, Italy, and Portugal to assess the accuracy of POCUS against standard radiology in patients with suspected acute biliary disease (ClinicalTrials.govIdentifier: NCT02682368). The findings of surgeon-performed POCUS were compared with those on definitive imaging or surgery. Of 100 patients recruited, 89 were suitable for comparative analysis, comparing POCUS with radiological findings in 84 patients and with surgical/histological findings in five. The overall global accuracy of POCUS was 88.7% (95% CI, 80.3–94.4%), with a sensitivity of 94.7% (95% CI, 85.3–98.9%), a specificity of 78.1% (95% CI, 60.03–90.7%), a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 4.33 and negative likelihood ratio (LR) of 0.07. The mean time from POCUS to the final radiological report was 11.9 h (range 0.06–54.9). In five patients admitted directly to surgery, the mean time between POCUS and incision was 2.30 h (range 1.5–5), which was significantly shorter than the mean time to formal radiology report. Sixteen patients were discharged from the emergency department, of whom nine did not need follow-up. Our study is one of the very few to demonstrate a high concordance between surgeon-performed POCUS of patients without a priori radiologic diagnosis of gallstone disease and shows that the expedited diagnosis afforded by POCUS can be reliably leveraged to deliver earlier definitive care for patients with acute gallbladder pathology, as the general surgeon skilled in POCUS is uniquely positioned to integrate it into their bedside assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan-Daniel Dumbrava
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Connolly Hospital, Blanchardstown, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Ponderas Academic Hospital, 014142 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Gary Alan Bass
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Connolly Hospital, Blanchardstown, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- Division of Traumatology, Emergency Surgery & Surgical Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amro Jumean
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Nuha Birido
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Martin Corbally
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Jorge Pereira
- Department of Surgery, Tondela-Viseu Hospital Center, Av. Rei Dom Duarte, 3504-509 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Alan Biloslavo
- Department of Surgery, Cattinara University Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Zago
- Department of Surgery, Policlinico San Pietro, Via Carlo Forlanini 15, 24036 Ponte San Pietro, Italy
| | - Thomas Noel Walsh
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Connolly Hospital, Blanchardstown, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
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12
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Bauman ZM, Menke B, Terzian WTH, Raposo-Hadley A, Cahoy K, Berning BJ, Cemaj S, Kamien A, Evans CH, Cantrell E. Focusing in on gallbladder disease. Do current imaging modalities accurately depict the severity of final pathology? Am J Surg 2022; 224:1417-1420. [PMID: 36272825 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2022.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accuracy of imaging modalities for gallbladder disease(GBD) remains questionable. We hypothesize ultrasonography(US), computed tomography(CT), and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) poorly correlate with final pathologic analysis. METHODS This was a retrospective review of all patients who underwent cholecystectomy at our institution. Primary outcome was agreement between US, CT, and MRI, and final pathology report of the gallbladder. Cohen's Kappa statistic was used to describe the level of agreement (0 = agreement equivalent to chance, 0.1-0.2 = slight agreement, 0.21-0.40 = minimal/fair agreement, 0.41-0.60 = moderate agreement, 0.61-0.80 = substantial agreement, 0.81-0.99 = near perfect agreement, 1 = perfect agreement). Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS 1107 patients were enrolled. Average age was 48.6(±17.6); 64.2% were female. There was minimal agreement between the three imaging modalities and final pathology (US = 0.363; CT = 0.223; MRI = 0.351;p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Poor agreement exists between imaging modalities and final pathology report for GBD. Urgent surgical intervention for patients presenting with symptoms of GBD should be considered, despite imaging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Bauman
- Division of Trauma, Emergency General Surgery and Critical Care Surgery Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA.
| | - Bryant Menke
- Division of Trauma, Emergency General Surgery and Critical Care Surgery Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA.
| | - W T Hillman Terzian
- Division of Trauma, Emergency General Surgery and Critical Care Surgery Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA.
| | - Ashley Raposo-Hadley
- Division of Trauma, Emergency General Surgery and Critical Care Surgery Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA.
| | - Kevin Cahoy
- Division of Trauma, Emergency General Surgery and Critical Care Surgery Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA.
| | - Bennett J Berning
- Division of Trauma, Emergency General Surgery and Critical Care Surgery Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA.
| | - Samuel Cemaj
- Division of Trauma, Emergency General Surgery and Critical Care Surgery Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA.
| | - Andrew Kamien
- Division of Trauma, Emergency General Surgery and Critical Care Surgery Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA.
| | - Charity H Evans
- Division of Trauma, Emergency General Surgery and Critical Care Surgery Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA.
| | - Emily Cantrell
- Division of Trauma, Emergency General Surgery and Critical Care Surgery Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA.
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13
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Hilsden R, Mitrou N, Hawel J, Leeper R, Thompson D, Myslik F. Point of care biliary ultrasound in the emergency department (BUSED) predicts final surgical management decisions. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2022; 7:e000944. [PMID: 36111140 PMCID: PMC9442480 DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2022-000944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Gallstone disease is a common reason for emergency department (ED) presentation. Surgeons often prefer radiology department ultrasound (RUS) over point of care ultrasound (POCUS) because of perceived of unreliability. Our study was designed to test the hypothesis that POCUS is sufficient to guide the management of surgeons treating select cases of biliary disease as compared to RUS. Methods This was a prospective cohort study. Patients who presented to the ED with abdominal pain and findings of biliary disease on POCUS were included. The surgeon was then presented the case with POCUS only and recorded their management decision. Patients then proceeded to RUS, were followed through their stay, and analysis was performed to analyze the proportion of patients where the introduction of the RUS changed the management plan. Results 100 patients were included in this study, and all received both POCUS and RUS. Depending on the surgeons’ POCUS based management decisions, the patients were divided into three groups: (1) surgery, (2) duct clearance, (3) no surgery. Total bilirubin was 34±22 mmol/L in the duct clearance group vs 8.4±6.5 mmol/L and 16±12 mmol/L in the surgery and no surgery groups, respectively (p<0.05). POCUS results showed 68 patients would have been offered surgery, 21 offered duct clearance, and 11 no surgery. In 90% of cases, the introduction of RUS did not change management. The acute care surgeons elected to operate on patients more frequently than other surgical subspecialties (p<0.05). Conclusions This study showed that fewer than 10% of patients with biliary disease seen on POCUS had a change in surgical decision-making based on the addition of RUS imaging. In uncomplicated cases of biliary disease, relying on POCUS imaging for surgical decision-making has the potential to improve patient flow. Level of evidence II Prospective Cohort Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hilsden
- General Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas Mitrou
- General Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff Hawel
- General Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rob Leeper
- General Surgery and Critical Care, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Drew Thompson
- Emergency Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Myslik
- Emergency Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Hary T, Amiot F, Laborne FX, Delomas T. Apport de l’échographie clinique dans la prise en charge des douleurs abdominales aiguës non traumatiques chez l’adulte dans les services d’urgence : une étude rétrospective monocentrique dans un centre hospitalier général. ANNALES FRANCAISES DE MEDECINE D URGENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3166/afmu-2021-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectif : Déterminer si la réalisation d’une échographie clinique en médecine d’urgence (ECMU) modifie la prise en charge des patients présentant une douleur abdominale aiguë d’origine non traumatique.
Matériel et méthodes : Étude rétrospective, monocentrique, incluant les patients qui ont consulté aux urgences pour douleur abdominale aiguë d’origine non traumatique entre le 1er juin 2019 et le 31 octobre 2019. Les données recueillies étaient le nombre d’examens complémentaires d’imagerie réalisés, le temps de prise en charge, le taux d’hospitalisation, le diagnostic et le taux de reconsultation à 30 jours. Le critère de jugement principal était le recours aux examens complémentaires d’imagerie spécialisée (parmi lesquels : échographie spécialisée, tomodensitométrie abdominopelvienne et abdomen sans préparation) chez les patients ayant bénéficié d’une échographie clinique (groupe « ECMU ») comparativement aux patients n’ayant pas bénéficié d’échographie (groupe « sans ECMU »).
Résultats : Mille cinquante-trois patients ont été inclus. Parmi ces patients, 16 % ont bénéficié d’une échographie clinique par le médecin urgentiste. Il existait une réduction significative du recours à l’échographie spécialisée dans le groupe ECMU (4 % dans le groupe « avec ECMU » versus 9 % dans le groupe « sans ECMU », OR = 0,45, IC 95 % : [0,17–1,00], p = 0,04), sans différence significative entre les deux groupes concernant le temps de prise en charge, l’orientation, le taux de reconsultation à 30 jours et la concordance diagnostique.
Conclusion : La réalisation d’une ECMU dans l’exploration des douleurs abdominales aiguës d’origine non traumatique entraînait une réduction significative du nombre d’échographies spécialisées, sans pour autant diminuer le temps de prise en charge ni la concordance entre le diagnostic posé aux urgences et celui en fin d’hospitalisation.
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15
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Dupriez F, Geukens P, Penaloza A, Vanpee D, Bekkering G, Bobbia X. Agreement of emergency physician-performed ultrasound versus RADiology-performed UltraSound for cholelithiasis or cholecystitis: a systematic review. Eur J Emerg Med 2021; 28:344-351. [PMID: 33758146 DOI: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cholecystitis secondary to gallstone migration is the most common suspected diagnosis for right upper quadrant pain in emergency departments, with radiology-performed ultrasound (RADUS) being the main diagnostic tool. The primary aim of this review was to assess the ability of emergency physicians to perform emergency ultrasound (EUS) compared to RADUS to diagnose cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. A systematic search was performed using Embase, Central (Cochrane library), Web of Science, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, prospective trial registries, and OpenSIGLE databases as well as hand-search of articles. Two physicians independently selected the articles. Assessment of methodological quality was performed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool. Clinical and methodological heterogeneity were qualitatively reported and discussed. Seven prospective studies were selected involving a total of 1061 subjects undergoing EUS. The included studies all used RADUS as the reference standard and emergency physician-performed EUS as the index test. Included studies mostly reported diagnostic accuracy for cholelithiasis diagnosis whereas only one study mentioned diagnostic accuracy for cholecystitis. Clinical and methodological heterogeneity between included studies prevented a meta-analysis. This review shows there is good agreement between EUS and RADUS to assess the gallbladder for cholelithiasis and therefore supports its use by emergency physicians for that matter. Nevertheless, this work identified clinical and methodological heterogeneity along with a poor description EUS operators' experience. In the future, larger studies should include a larger population of EUS operators, specify their background, and compare EUS to the final diagnosis to evaluate performances for gallbladder diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Dupriez
- Emergency Department (ED), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (CUSL), Brussels
| | - Paul Geukens
- Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital de Jolimont, rue Ferrer 159, La Louvière
| | - Andrea Penaloza
- Emergency Department (ED), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (CUSL), Brussels
| | - Dominique Vanpee
- Institute of Health and Society and CHU UCL Namur, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels
| | - Geertruida Bekkering
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Kapucijnenvoer
- Cochrane Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for General Practice, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xavier Bobbia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Intensive Care Unit, Montpellier University, EA 2992 CAFEDIVAS, Nîmes University Hospital, place du Pr Debré, 30029 Nîmes, France
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16
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Sweeney DA, Wiley BM. Integrated Multiorgan Bedside Ultrasound for the Diagnosis and Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 42:641-649. [PMID: 34544181 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, the mortality rate of sepsis and septic shock remains unacceptably high. Delays in diagnosis, identification of an infectious source, and the challenge of providing patient-tailored resuscitation measures routinely result in suboptimal patient outcomes. Bedside ultrasound improves a clinician's ability to both diagnose and manage the patient with sepsis. Indeed, multiple point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) protocols have been developed to evaluate and treat various subsets of critically ill patients. These protocols mostly target patients with undifferentiated shock and have been shown to improve clinical outcomes. Other studies have shown that POCUS can improve a clinician's ability to identify a source of infection. Once a diagnosis of septic shock has been made, serial POCUS exams can be used to continuously guide resuscitative efforts. In this review, we advocate that the patient with suspected sepsis or septic shock undergo a comprehensive POCUS exam in which sonographic information across organ systems is synthesized and used in conjunction with traditional data gleaned from the patient's history, physical exam, and laboratory studies. This harmonization of information will hasten an accurate diagnosis and assist with hemodynamic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Sweeney
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Brandon M Wiley
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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17
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MacDonald AA, Richardson M, Sue L, Hakiwai A, Stephenson G, Harman R, Agraval J. Bedside ultrasonography for acute gallstone disease: a diagnostic accuracy study of surgical registrars and emergency medicine physicians. ANZ J Surg 2020; 90:2467-2471. [PMID: 33216429 DOI: 10.1111/ans.16169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute gallstone disease, primarily biliary colic and acute cholecystitis, represents a significant burden on surgical services. Prolonged waiting times for ultrasonography to confirm a diagnosis contributes to inefficiency and delays surgery. Bedside ultrasound offers an opportunity for clinicians make a diagnosis more promptly and streamline acute surgery. This study evaluated the reliability of bedside ultrasound performed by clinicians following local training and a trial of its introduction into clinical practice. METHODS This was a prospective inter-rater reliability study of bedside ultrasound scans performed on patients referred for suspected acute gallstone disease. Results were compared with a formal ultrasound scan in the radiology department. Inter-rater agreement for the finding of gallstones and the imaging diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was assessed. RESULTS A total of 124 patients underwent bedside ultrasound scan, 87 (70.2%) performed by surgical registrars. Mean patient age was 48 years (range 19-92 years) with 95 females (76.6%). Inter-rater reliability for the finding of gallstones showed strong agreement with kappa 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.76-0.95) whereas for the imaging diagnosis of acute cholecystitis there was a minimal agreement with kappa 0.37 (95% confidence interval 0.18-0.56). Sensitivity and specificity for the finding of gallstones on bedside ultrasound was 93% and 92%, respectively. CONCLUSION Bedside ultrasound is accurate for the finding of gallstones, but the imaging diagnosis of acute cholecystitis is more challenging. There remains the potential for this to improve the efficiency of surgical assessment in suspected acute gallstone disease and this supports the ongoing provision of bedside ultrasound in surgical services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A MacDonald
- Department of Radiology, Waitematā District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Malcolm Richardson
- Department of General Surgery, Waitematā District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Sue
- i3 Institute for Innovation & Improvement, Waitematā District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Angie Hakiwai
- Department of General Surgery, Waitematā District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - George Stephenson
- Emergency Department, Waitematā District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Harman
- Department of General Surgery, Waitematā District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jash Agraval
- Department of Radiology, Waitematā District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
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18
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Pisano M, Allievi N, Gurusamy K, Borzellino G, Cimbanassi S, Boerna D, Coccolini F, Tufo A, Di Martino M, Leung J, Sartelli M, Ceresoli M, Maier RV, Poiasina E, De Angelis N, Magnone S, Fugazzola P, Paolillo C, Coimbra R, Di Saverio S, De Simone B, Weber DG, Sakakushev BE, Lucianetti A, Kirkpatrick AW, Fraga GP, Wani I, Biffl WL, Chiara O, Abu-Zidan F, Moore EE, Leppäniemi A, Kluger Y, Catena F, Ansaloni L. 2020 World Society of Emergency Surgery updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute calculus cholecystitis. World J Emerg Surg 2020; 15:61. [PMID: 33153472 PMCID: PMC7643471 DOI: 10.1186/s13017-020-00336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute calculus cholecystitis (ACC) has a high incidence in the general population. The presence of several areas of uncertainty, along with the availability of new evidence, prompted the current update of the 2016 WSES (World Society of Emergency Surgery) Guidelines on ACC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The WSES president appointed four members as a scientific secretariat, four members as an organization committee and four members as a scientific committee, choosing them from the expert affiliates of WSES. Relevant key questions were constructed, and the task force produced drafts of each section based on the best scientific evidence from PubMed and EMBASE Library; recommendations were developed in order to answer these key questions. The quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were reviewed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria (see https://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/ ). All the statements were presented, discussed and voted upon during the Consensus Conference at the 6th World Congress of the World Society of Emergency Surgery held in Nijmegen (NL) in May 2019. A revised version of the statements was voted upon via an online questionnaire until consensus was reached. RESULTS The pivotal role of surgery is confirmed, including in high-risk patients. When compared with the WSES 2016 guidelines, the role of gallbladder drainage is reduced, despite the considerable technical improvements available. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) should be the standard of care whenever possible, even in subgroups of patients who are considered fragile, such as the elderly; those with cardiac disease, renal disease and cirrhosis; or those who are generally at high risk for surgery. Subtotal cholecystectomy is safe and represents a valuable option in cases of difficult gallbladder removal. CONCLUSIONS, KNOWLEDGE GAPS AND RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS ELC has a central role in the management of patients with ACC. The value of surgical treatment for high-risk patients should lead to a distinction between high-risk patients and patients who are not suitable for surgery. Further evidence on the role of clinical judgement and the use of clinical scores as adjunctive tools to guide treatment of high-risk patients and patients who are not suitable for surgery is required. The development of local policies for safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pisano
- General Surgery I, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Niccolò Allievi
- General Surgery I, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Kurinchi Gurusamy
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Djamila Boerna
- Department of Surgery, St. Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Federico Coccolini
- General Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Tufo
- HPB and Liver Transplant Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Jeffrey Leung
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Marco Ceresoli
- Department of General and Emergency Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ronald V. Maier
- Department of Surgery, Harborview Medical Centre, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Elia Poiasina
- General Surgery I, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Nicola De Angelis
- Unit of Digestive and HPB Surgery, CARE Department, Henri Mondor Hospital and University Paris-Est, Creteil, France
| | - Stefano Magnone
- General Surgery I, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Paola Fugazzola
- General and Emergency Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Ciro Paolillo
- Emergency Room Brescia Spedali Civili General Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Raul Coimbra
- Comparative Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Research Center-CECORC, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, CA USA
| | | | - Belinda De Simone
- Department of General Surgery, Azienda USL-IRCSS di Reggio Emilia, Guastalla Hospital, Guastalla, Italy
| | - Dieter G. Weber
- Department of General Surgery Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Boris E. Sakakushev
- Research Institute at Medical University Plovdiv/University Hospital St George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | - Andrew W. Kirkpatrick
- General, Acute Care, Abdominal Wall Reconstruction, and Trauma Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Gustavo P. Fraga
- Division of Trauma Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Imitaz Wani
- Department of Surgery, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Osvaldo Chiara
- General Surgery Trauma Team ASST-GOM Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Fikri Abu-Zidan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Ernest E. Moore
- Ernest E Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, Denver, CO USA
| | - Ari Leppäniemi
- Abdominal Center Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yoram Kluger
- Department of General Surgery, the Rambam Academic Hospital, Haifa, Israel
| | - Fausto Catena
- Emergency Surgery, University Parma Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Ansaloni
- General and Emergency Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
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19
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Torres-Macho J, Aro T, Bruckner I, Cogliati C, Gilja OH, Gurghean A, Karlafti E, Krsek M, Monhart Z, Müller-Marbach A, Neves J, Sabio R, Serra C, Smallwood N, Tana C, Uyaroğlu OA, Von Wowern F, Bosch FH. Point-of-care ultrasound in internal medicine: A position paper by the ultrasound working group of the European federation of internal medicine. Eur J Intern Med 2020; 73:67-71. [PMID: 31836177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is increasingly used to assess medical patients. It has many uses in daily clinical practice, including improved diagnostic timeliness and accuracy, and providing information about a patient's prognosis and follow-up. It has been integrated into numerous specialities, but remains relatively undefined in internal medicine training programs. Ultrasonography is a useful tool in the standard clinical practice of internists in numerous clinical scenarios (Emergency Department, hospital ward, general and specific consultations, and home care). Although POCUS has been recently included in the European curriculum of internal medicine, there are differences between European internists in its use, ranging from not at all to well structured educational programs. The use of POCUS needs to be widespread in internal medicine departments, and to accomplish this we must encourage structured training. This document details the consensus-based recommendations by the European Federation of Internal Medicine (EFIM) Ultrasound working group. We establish POCUS core competencies and clinical settings for internists in a symptom-based approach. We also propose training requirements, providing a framework for training programs at a national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Torres-Macho
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Complutense University, Spanish Society of Internal Medicine, Madrid, Spain.
| | - T Aro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinicum, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Young Internists Subcommittee. European Federation of Internal Medicine. Finnish Society of Internal Medicine
| | - I Bruckner
- Romanian Society of Internal Medicine, Romania
| | - C Cogliati
- Internal Medicine Department. Ospedale Luigi Sacco, ASST-Fbf-Sacco. Italian Society of Internal Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - O H Gilja
- National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Gurghean
- Internal Medicine Department. Cardiology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romanian Society of Internal Medicine, Romania
| | - E Karlafti
- AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Internal Medicine Society of Greece, Greece
| | - M Krsek
- Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Czech Society of Internal Medicine, Prague
| | - Z Monhart
- Internal Medicine and Emergency Department, Hospital Znojmo, Czech Society of Internal Medicine, Czech Republic
| | - A Müller-Marbach
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology und Palliative Care. Helios Hospital Niederberg, German Society of Internal Medicine, Velbert, Germany
| | - J Neves
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Portuguese Society of Internal Medicine, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Sabio
- Hospital SAMIC de Alta Complejidad, Sociedad Argentina de Medicina (SAM), El Calafate, Argentina
| | - C Serra
- Diagnostic and Interventional Utrasound Unit. Division of Multiorgan Failure Emergency, General Surgery and Transplant Department. S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital. Italian Society of Internal Medicine
| | - N Smallwood
- Department of Acute Medicine, East Surrey Hospital. Society for Acute Medicine. United Kingdom
| | - C Tana
- Internal Medicine and Subacute Care Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Federation of Associations of Hospital Doctors on Internal Medicine (FADOI), Parma, Italy
| | - O A Uyaroğlu
- Internal Medicine Department. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital. Turkish Society of Internal Medicine, Turkey
| | - F Von Wowern
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals of Skåne - Malmö, Swedish Society of Internal Medicine, Skane, Sweden
| | - F H Bosch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen and Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
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Surgeon-performed point-of-care ultrasound for acute cholecystitis: indications and limitations: a European Society for Trauma and Emergency Surgery (ESTES) consensus statement. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2019; 46:173-183. [PMID: 31435701 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-019-01197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute cholecystitis (AC), frequently responsible for presentation to the emergency department, requires expedient diagnosis and definitive treatment by a general surgeon. Ultrasonography, usually performed by radiology technicians and reported by radiologists, is the first-line imaging study for the assessment of AC. Targeted point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), particularly in the hands of the treating surgeon, may represent an evolution in surgical decision-making and may expedite care, reducing morbidity and cost. METHODS This consensus guideline was written under the auspices of the European Society of Trauma and Emergency Surgery (ESTES) by the POCUS working group. A systematic literature search identified relevant papers on the diagnosis and treatment of AC. Literature was critically-appraised according to the GRADE evidence-based guideline development method. Following a consensus conference at the European Congress of Trauma & Emergency Surgery (Valencia, Spain, May 2018), final recommendations were approved by the working group, using a modified e-Delphi process, and taking into account the level of evidence of the conclusion. RECOMMENDATIONS We strongly recommend the use of ultrasound as the first-line imaging investigation for the diagnosis of AC; specifically, we recommend that POCUS may be adopted as the primary imaging adjunct to surgeon-performed assessment of the patient with suspected AC. In line with the Tokyo guidelines, we strongly recommend Murphy's sign, in conjunction with the presence of gallstones and/or wall thickening as diagnostic of AC in the correct clinical context. We conditionally recommend US as a preoperative predictor of difficulty of cholecystectomy. There is insufficient evidence to recommend contrast-enhanced ultrasound or Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of AC. We conditionally recommend the use of ultrasound to guide percutaneous cholecystostomy placement by appropriately-trained practitioners. CONCLUSIONS Surgeons have recently embraced POCUS to expedite diagnosis of AC and provide rapid decision-making and early treatment, streamlining the patient pathway and thereby reducing costs and morbidity.
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[Point-of-care ultrasonography of the abdomen in emergency and intensive care medicine]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2018; 113:638-648. [PMID: 30302528 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-018-0491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care ultrasound is a fundamental part of diagnostic and therapeutic management in emergency and intensive care medicine. The availability of high-resolution mobile ultrasound systems allows high-quality imaging at the bedside of the patient. Point-of-care ultrasound is not a comprehensive differential diagnostic abdominal ultrasound examination. Rather, the aim of the method is to integrate easily detectable sonographic findings into the clinical context. From this, the necessary diagnostic or therapeutic procedures are derived. This article shows opportunities and limitations of this method. The structure of the article is given by the leading clinical symptoms. The focus is on the ultrasound examination and the characteristic sonographic findings with illustrative ultrasound images. This is followed by a short differential diagnostic interpretation. Further diagnostic or therapeutic management is also briefly addressed.
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Hilsden R, Leeper R, Koichopolos J, Vandelinde JD, Parry N, Thompson D, Myslik F. Point-of-care biliary ultrasound in the emergency department (BUSED): implications for surgical referral and emergency department wait times. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2018; 3:e000164. [PMID: 30109274 PMCID: PMC6078236 DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2018-000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with uncomplicated biliary disease frequently present to the emergency department for assessment. To improve bedside clinical decision making, biliary point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in the emergency department has emerged as a diagnostic tool. The purpose of this study is to analyze the usefulness of POCUS in predicting the need for surgical intervention in biliary disease. METHODS A retrospective study of patients visiting the emergency department who received a biliary POCUS from December 1, 2016 to July 15, 2017 was performed. The physician interpretations of the biliary POCUS scans were collected, as well as data from the electronic health records including lab values, the subsequent use of diagnostic imaging, surgical consultation or intervention, and 28 days follow-up for representation or complication. RESULTS Two hundred and eighty-three patients were identified as having received biliary POCUS. Of the patients referred to general surgery who received biliary POCUS 43% received a cholecystectomy. For the outcome of cholecystectomy, the finding of gallstones on POCUS was 55% sensitive (95% CI 40% to 70%) and 92% specific (95% CI 87% to 95%). A sonographic Murphy's sign was 16% sensitive (95% CI 7% to 30%) but 95% specific (95% CI 92% to 97%) and, gallbladder wall thickness was 18% sensitive (95% CI 9% to 33%) and 98% specific (95% CI 95% to 99%). Patients who received POCUS but did not proceed to confirmatory radiology department imaging had a shorter length of stay (433 min ± 50 min vs. 309 min ± 30 min, P<0.001). DISCUSSION Point-of-care biliary ultrasound performed by emergency physicians provides timely access to diagnostic information. Positive findings of gallstones and increased gallbladder wall thickness are highly predictive of the need for surgical intervention, and use of POCUS is associated with shorter ER visits. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Retrospective cohort study, level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hilsden
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rob Leeper
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Neil Parry
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Drew Thompson
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Myslik
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Martinez M, Duchenne J, Bobbia X, Brunet S, Fournier P, Miroux P, Perrier C, Pès P, Chauvin A, Claret PG. Deuxième niveau de compétence pour l’échographie clinique en médecine d’urgence. Recommandations de la Société française de médecine d’urgence par consensus formalisé. ANNALES FRANCAISES DE MEDECINE D URGENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.3166/afmu-2018-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
La Société française de médecine d’urgence a élaboré en 2016 des recommandations formalisées d’experts définissant le premier niveau de compétence en échographie clinique en médecine d’urgence. Ce niveau est maintenant complété par un deuxième niveau correspondant à une pratique plus avancée utilisant des techniques non envisagées dans le premier niveau comme l’utilisation du Doppler et nécessitant aussi une pratique et une formation plus poussées. Des champs déjà présents dans le premier référentiel sont complétés, et de nouveaux champs sont envisagés. La méthodologie utilisée est issue de la méthode « Recommandations par consensus formalisé » publiée par la Haute Autorité de santé et de la méthode Delphi pour quantifier l’accord professionnel. Ce choix a été fait devant l’insuffisance de littérature de fort niveau de preuve dans certaines thématiques et de l’existence de controverses. Ce document présente les items jugés appropriés et inappropriés par les cotateurs. Ces recommandations définissent un deuxième niveau de compétence en ECMU.
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Wagner M, Shen-Wagner J, Zhang KX, Flynn T, Bergman K. Point-of-Care Ultrasound Applications in the Outpatient Clinic. South Med J 2018; 111:404-410. [DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000000835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yokoe M, Hata J, Takada T, Strasberg SM, Asbun HJ, Wakabayashi G, Kozaka K, Endo I, Deziel DJ, Miura F, Okamoto K, Hwang TL, Huang WSW, Ker CG, Chen MF, Han HS, Yoon YS, Choi IS, Yoon DS, Noguchi Y, Shikata S, Ukai T, Higuchi R, Gabata T, Mori Y, Iwashita Y, Hibi T, Jagannath P, Jonas E, Liau KH, Dervenis C, Gouma DJ, Cherqui D, Belli G, Garden OJ, Giménez ME, de Santibañes E, Suzuki K, Umezawa A, Supe AN, Pitt HA, Singh H, Chan ACW, Lau WY, Teoh AYB, Honda G, Sugioka A, Asai K, Gomi H, Itoi T, Kiriyama S, Yoshida M, Mayumi T, Matsumura N, Tokumura H, Kitano S, Hirata K, Inui K, Sumiyama Y, Yamamoto M. Tokyo Guidelines 2018: diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholecystitis (with videos). JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2018; 25:41-54. [PMID: 29032636 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13) for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis were globally disseminated and various clinical studies about the management of acute cholecystitis were reported by many researchers and clinicians from all over the world. The 1st edition of the Tokyo Guidelines 2007 (TG07) was revised in 2013. According to that revision, the TG13 diagnostic criteria of acute cholecystitis provided better specificity and higher diagnostic accuracy. Thorough our literature search about diagnostic criteria for acute cholecystitis, new and strong evidence that had been released from 2013 to 2017 was not found with serious and important issues about using TG13 diagnostic criteria of acute cholecystitis. On the other hand, the TG13 severity grading for acute cholecystitis has been validated in numerous studies. As a result of these reviews, the TG13 severity grading for acute cholecystitis was significantly associated with parameters including 30-day overall mortality, length of hospital stay, conversion rates to open surgery, and medical costs. In terms of severity assessment, breakthrough and intensive literature for revising severity grading was not reported. Consequently, TG13 diagnostic criteria and severity grading were judged from numerous validation studies as useful indicators in clinical practice and adopted as TG18/TG13 diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholecystitis without any modification. Free full articles and mobile app of TG18 are available at: http://www.jshbps.jp/modules/en/index.php?content_id=47. Related clinical questions and references are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Yokoe
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jiro Hata
- Department of Endoscopy and Ultrasound, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Takada
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Steven M Strasberg
- Section of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Horacio J Asbun
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Go Wakabayashi
- Department of Surgery, Ageo Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kozaka
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daniel J Deziel
- Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fumihiko Miura
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohji Okamoto
- Department of Surgery, Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Kitakyushu City Yahata Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tsann-Long Hwang
- Division of General Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Chen-Guo Ker
- Department of Surgery, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Miin-Fu Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Seong Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Seok Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Seok Choi
- Department of Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong-Sup Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoshinori Noguchi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiko Ukai
- Department of Family Medicine, Mie Prefectural Ichishi Hospital, Mie, Japan
| | - Ryota Higuchi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhisa Mori
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukio Iwashita
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University, Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Palepu Jagannath
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Eduard Jonas
- Surgical Gastroenterology/Hepatopancreatobiliary Unit, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kui-Hin Liau
- Mt Elizabeth Novena Hospital, Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Dirk J Gouma
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Cherqui
- Hepatobiliary Center, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Giulio Belli
- Department of General and HPB Surgery, Loreto Nuovo Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - O James Garden
- Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mariano Eduardo Giménez
- Chair of General Surgery and Minimal Invasive Surgery "Taquini", University of Buenos Aires, DAICIM Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo de Santibañes
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Italiano, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Fujinomiya City General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akiko Umezawa
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Yotsuya Medical Cube, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Avinash Nivritti Supe
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Seth G S Medical College and K E M Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Henry A Pitt
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harjit Singh
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Hospital Selayang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Angus C W Chan
- Surgery Centre, Department of Surgery, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wan Yee Lau
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | | | - Goro Honda
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugioka
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koji Asai
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumi Gomi
- Center for Global Health, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takao Itoi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiki Kiriyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Department of Hemodialysis and Surgery, Chemotherapy Research Institute Kaken Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan.,Department of EBM and Guidelines, Japan Council for Quality Health Care, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Koichi Hirata
- Department of Surgery, JR Sapporo Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Teaching Hospital, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Ultrasound Guidelines: Emergency, Point-of-Care and Clinical Ultrasound Guidelines in Medicine. Ann Emerg Med 2017; 69:e27-e54. [PMID: 28442101 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.08.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Krainin BM, Thaut LC, April MD, Curtis RA, Kaelin AL, Hardy GB, Weymouth WL, Srichandra J, Chin EJ, Summers SM. Heated Ultrasound Gel and Patient Satisfaction with Bedside Ultrasound Studies: The HUGS Trial. West J Emerg Med 2017; 18:1061-1067. [PMID: 29085538 PMCID: PMC5654875 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2017.8.35606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our goal was to determine if heated gel for emergency department (ED) bedside ultrasonography improves patient satisfaction compared to room-temperature gel. METHODS We randomized a convenience sample of ED patients determined by their treating physician to require a bedside ultrasound (US) study to either heated gel (102.0° F) or room-temperature gel (82.3° F). Investigators performed all US examinations. We informed all subjects that the study entailed investigation into various measures to improve patient satisfaction with ED US examinations but did not inform them of our specific focus on gel temperature. Investigators wore heat-resistant gloves while performing the examinations to blind themselves to the gel temperature. After completion of the US, subjects completed a survey including the primary outcome measure of patient satisfaction as measured on a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS). A secondary outcome was patient perceptions of sonographer professionalism measured by an ordinal scale (1-5). RESULTS We enrolled 124 subjects; 120 completed all outcome measures. Of these, 59 underwent randomization to US studies with room-temperature gel and 61 underwent randomization to heated US gel. Patient 100-mm VAS satisfaction scores were 83.9 among patients undergoing studies with room-temperature gel versus 87.6 among subjects undergoing studies with heated gel (effect size 3.7, 95% confidence interval -1.3-8.6). There were similarly no differences between the two arms with regard to patient perceptions of sonographer professionalism. CONCLUSION The use of heated ultrasound gel appears to have no material impact on the satisfaction of ED patients undergoing bedside ultrasound studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Krainin
- San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Lane C Thaut
- San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Michael D April
- San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ryan A Curtis
- San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Andrea L Kaelin
- San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Garrett B Hardy
- San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Wells L Weymouth
- San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jonathan Srichandra
- San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Eric J Chin
- San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Shane M Summers
- San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Antonio, Texas
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Jain A, Mehta N, Secko M, Schechter J, Papanagnou D, Pandya S, Sinert R. History, Physical Examination, Laboratory Testing, and Emergency Department Ultrasonography for the Diagnosis of Acute Cholecystitis. Acad Emerg Med 2017; 24:281-297. [PMID: 27862628 DOI: 10.1111/acem.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute cholecystitis (AC) is a common differential for patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with abdominal pain. The diagnostic accuracy of history, physical examination, and bedside laboratory tests for AC have not been quantitatively described. OBJECTIVES We performed a systematic review to determine the utility of history and physical examination (H&P), laboratory studies, and ultrasonography (US) in diagnosing AC in the ED. METHODS We searched medical literature from January 1965 to March 2016 in PubMed, Embase, and SCOPUS using a strategy derived from the following formulation of our clinical question: patients-ED patients suspected of AC; interventions-H&P, laboratory studies, and US findings commonly used to diagnose AC; comparator-surgical pathology or definitive diagnostic radiologic study confirming AC; and outcome-the operating characteristics of the investigations in diagnosing AC were calculated. Sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios (LRs) were calculated using Meta-DiSc with a random-effects model (95% CI). Study quality and risks for bias were assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. RESULTS Separate PubMed, Embase, and SCOPUS searches retrieved studies for H&P (n = 734), laboratory findings (n = 74), and US (n = 492). Three H&P studies met inclusion/exclusion criteria with AC prevalence of 7%-64%. Fever had sensitivity ranging from 31% to 62% and specificity from 37% to 74%; positive LR [LR+] was 0.71-1.24, and negative LR [LR-] was 0.76-1.49. Jaundice sensitivity ranged from 11% to 14%, and specificity from 86% to 99%; LR+ was 0.80-13.81, and LR- was 0.87-1.03. Murphy's sign sensitivity was 62% (range = 53%-71%), and specificity was 96% (range = 95%-97%); LR+ was 15.64 (range = 11.48-21.31), and LR- was 0.40 (range = 0.32-0.50). Right upper quadrant pain had sensitivity ranging from 56% to 93% and specificity of 0% to 96%; LR+ ranged from 0.92 to 14.02, and LR- from 0.46 to 7.86. One laboratory study met criteria with a 26% prevalence of AC. Elevated bilirubin had a sensitivity of 40% (range = 12%-74%) and specificity of 93% (range = 77%-99%); LR+ was 5.80 (range = 1.25-26.99), and LR- was 0.64 (range = 0.39-1.08). Five US studies with a prevalence of AC of between 10% and 46%. US sensitivity was 86% (range = 78%-94%) and specificity was 71% (range = 66%-76%); LR+ was 3.23 (range = 1.74-6.00), and LR- was 0.18 (range = 0.10-0.33). CONCLUSION Variable disease prevalence, coupled with limited sample sizes, increases the risk of selection bias. Individually, none of these investigations reliably rule out AC. Development of a clinical decision rule to include evaluation of H&P, laboratory data, and US are more likely to achieve a correct diagnosis of AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashika Jain
- Department of Emergency Medicine SUNY‐Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn NY
| | - Ninfa Mehta
- Department of Emergency Medicine SUNY‐Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn NY
| | - Michael Secko
- Department of Emergency Medicine SUNY‐Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn NY
| | - Joshua Schechter
- Department of Emergency Medicine SUNY‐Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn NY
| | - Dimitri Papanagnou
- Department of Emergency Medicine Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia PA
| | - Shreya Pandya
- Department of Emergency Medicine SUNY‐Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn NY
| | - Richard Sinert
- Department of Emergency Medicine SUNY‐Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn NY
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Wang T, Luo H, Yan HT, Zhang GH, Liu WH, Tang LJ. Risk factors for gallbladder contractility after cholecystolithotomy in elderly high-risk surgical patients. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:129-136. [PMID: 28138229 PMCID: PMC5238807 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s125139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cholecystolithiasis is a common disease in the elderly patient. The routine therapy is open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In the previous study, we designed a minimally invasive cholecystolithotomy based on percutaneous cholecystostomy combined with a choledochoscope (PCCLC) under local anesthesia. Methods To investigate the effect of PCCLC on the gallbladder contractility function, PCCLC and laparoscope combined with a choledochoscope were compared in this study. Results The preoperational age and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores, as well as postoperational lithotrity rate and common biliary duct stone rate in the PCCLC group, were significantly higher than the choledochoscope group. However, the pre- and postoperational gallbladder ejection fraction was not significantly different. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that the preoperational thickness of gallbladder wall (odds ratio [OR]: 0.540; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.317–0.920; P=0.023) and lithotrity (OR: 0.150; 95% CI: 0.023–0.965; P=0.046) were risk factors for postoperational gallbladder ejection fraction. The area under receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.714 (P=0.016; 95% CI: 0.553–0.854). Conclusion PCCLC strategy should be carried out cautiously. First, restricted by the diameter of the drainage tube, the PCCLC should be used only for small gallstones in high-risk surgical patients. Second, the usage of lithotrity should be strictly limited to avoid undermining the gallbladder contractility and increasing the risk of secondary common bile duct stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- General Surgery Center, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Luo
- General Surgery Center, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Tao Yan
- General Surgery Center, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hu Zhang
- General Surgery Center, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hui Liu
- General Surgery Center, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Tang
- General Surgery Center, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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