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Abou-Shady A, Ali ME, Ismail S, Abd-Elmottaleb O, Kotp YH, Osman MA, Hegab RH, Habib AA, Saudi AM, Eissa D, Yaseen R, Ibrahim GA, Yossif TM, El-Araby H, Selim EMM, Tag-Elden MA, Elwa AES, El-Harairy A. Comprehensive review of progress made in soil electrokinetic research during 1993–2020, Part I: process design modifications with brief summaries of main output. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Šrédlová K, Cajthaml T. Recent advances in PCB removal from historically contaminated environmental matrices. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132096. [PMID: 34523439 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite being drastically restricted in the 1970s, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) still belong among the most hazardous contaminants. The chemical stability and dielectric properties of PCBs made them suitable for a number of applications, which then lead to their ubiquitous presence in the environment. PCBs are highly bioaccumulative and persistent, and their teratogenic, carcinogenic, and endocrine-disrupting features have been widely reported in the literature. This review discusses recent advances in different techniques and approaches to remediate historically contaminated matrices, which are one of the most problematic in regard to decontamination feasibility and efficiency. The current knowledge published in the literature shows that PCBs are not sufficiently removed from the environment by natural processes, and thus, the suitability of some approaches (e.g., natural attenuation) is limited. Physicochemical processes are still the most effective; however, their extensive use is constrained by their high cost and often their destructiveness toward the matrices. Despite their limited reliability, biological methods and their application in combinations with other techniques could be promising. The literature reviewed in this paper documents that a combination of techniques differing in their principles should be a future research direction. Other aspects discussed in this work include the incompleteness of some studies. More attention should be given to the evaluation of toxicity during these processes, particularly in terms of monitoring different modes of toxic action. In addition, decomposition mechanisms and products need to be sufficiently clarified before combined, tailor-made approaches can be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Šrédlová
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Cajthaml
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Zhang F, He M, Zhang C, Lin D, Zhang J. Combined toxic effects of dioxin-like PCB77 with Fe-based nanoparticles in earthworm Eisenia fetida. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:144347. [PMID: 33418254 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Iron-based nanomaterials hold promise for in situ remediation of persistent halogenated contaminants such as dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, however, their complex interactions and joint toxicity toward beneficial soil biological functions remain unknown. This study examined the effects of nano-zero valent iron (nZVI) on the physiological and morphological changes, on the bioaccumulation of co-existed dioxin-like 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloro-biphenyls (PCB77), and the joint toxicity of nZVI and PCB77 in earthworms Eisenia fetida. An orthogonally designed experiment was conducted through the exposure of E. fetida to the combined and separate nZVI and PCB77 at various concentrations in soil for 28 days (nZVI at the levels of g-Fe/kg-soil and PCB77 at the levels of mg-PCB/kg-soil). Results indicated that both nZVI and PCB77 inhibited the growth and reproduction of earthworms, and the combined exposure resulted in a synergistic effect. The addition of 10 g/kg nZVI decreased the contents of PCB77 and significantly increased the accumulation of PCB77 to a level ranging 14-97 mg/kg in earthworms in a nZVI dose dependent manner. The observed synergism might relate to the aggravated damage of earthworm epidermis in the presence of nZVI. PCB77 and nZVI at their corresponding high levels (10 mg/kg and 10 g/kg) induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the earthworms through the increased levels of reactive oxygen species and the subsequent inhibition of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase and catalase. Further metabolomics analyses revealed that the normal glutamic acid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle were disturbed in earthworms exposed to the combined treatment of 10 mg/kg PCB77 and 10 g/kg nZVI. Our findings suggested that earthworms as a sentinel species could be readily employed in toxicity and tolerance studies to succeed the safe applications of nZVI and interestingly earthworms themselves also hold promise for vermiremediation owing to the high bioaccumulation potential of PCBs from contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengyang He
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX 77058, United States
| | - Daohui Lin
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Environment and Resources Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Li Y, Zhao HP, Zhu L. Remediation of soil contaminated with organic compounds by nanoscale zero-valent iron: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:143413. [PMID: 33246720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has been gradually applied in soil remediation due to its strong reducing ability and large specific surface area. Compared to conventional remediation solutions, in situ remediation using nZVI offers some unique advantages. In this review, respective merits and demerits of each approach to nZVI synthesis are summarized in detail, particularly the most commonly used aqueous-phase reduction method featuring surface modification. In order to overcome undesired oxidation and agglomeration of fresh nZVI due to its high reactivity, modifications of nZVI have been developed such as doping with transition metals, stabilization using macromolecules or surfactants, and sulfidation. Mechanisms underlying efficient removal of organic pollutants enabled by the modified nZVI lie in alleviative oxidation and agglomeration of nZVI and enhanced electron utilization efficiency. In addition to chemical modification, other assisting methods for further improving nZVI mobility and reactivity, such as electrokinetics and microbial technologies, are evaluated. The effects of different remediation technologies and soil physicochemical properties on remediation performance of nZVI are also summarized. Overall, this review offers an up-to-date comprehensive understanding of nZVI-driven soil remediation from scientific and practical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Mendes LD, Bernardi G, Elias WC, de Oliveira DC, Domingos JB, Carasek E. A green approach to DDT degradation and metabolite monitoring in water comparing the hydrodechlorination efficiency of Pd, Au-on-Pd and Cu-on-Pd nanoparticle catalysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:143403. [PMID: 33190896 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bi(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane) and its metabolites (DDD, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(4'-chlorophenyl)ethane, and DDE, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(4'-chlorophenyl)ethylene) are persistent organic pollutants that can be catalytically degraded into a less toxic and less persistent compound. In this work, ecofriendly methodologies for catalyst synthesis, catalytic degradation of DDT and reaction monitoring have been proposed. Three types of Pd-based nanoparticles, NPs, (Pd, Au-on-Pd and Cu-on-Pd) were synthesized and used for catalytic hydrodechlorination of DDT and its metabolites. The structural and electronic properties of NPs were investigated using TEM and XAS spectroscopy. Au-on-Pd showed the highest hydrodechlorination efficiency within 1 h of reaction. To obtain the best reaction conditions, the effects of H2 flow and base addition Au-on-Pd NPs activity were investigated. To study the effectiveness of the different NPs, a solvent-free analytical method was optimized to detect and measure DDT and its by-products. The SPME-GC-MS method provided low detection limits (0.03 μg L-1) and high recovery (≥88.75%) and was a valuable tool for the NP degradation study. In this way, a green method for degradation and monitoring of DDT and its by-products in water was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Dorácio Mendes
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Gabrieli Bernardi
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Welman Curi Elias
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela C de Oliveira
- Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron, C.P. 6192, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Josiel Barbosa Domingos
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Carasek
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil.
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Fardin AB, Jamshidi-Zanjani A, Darban AK. Application of enhanced electrokinetic remediation by coupling surfactants for kerosene-contaminated soils: Effect of ionic and nonionic surfactants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 277:111422. [PMID: 33010658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic (EK) by coupling surfactants is an enhanced promising remediation technology to eliminate hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) from low-permeable soils. It is also applied to remediate kerosene-contaminated soils using anionic (SDS) and non-ionic (Tween 80) surfactants at different concentrations. There was negligible removal efficiency (40%) of kerosene during traditional EK without any enhancement technique. In the present study, the application of 0.005M and 0.01M SDS in EK-SDS-1 and EK-SDS-2 improved the removal efficiency to 50 and 55%, respectively towards the anode. Furthermore, the use of Tween 80 in EK-Tw80-1 and EK-Tw80-2 at 0.1 and 1% concentrations was able to raise kerosene removal gradually from 45% to 52% towards the cathode. These findings suggest that higher concentrations of SDS and Tween 80 contribute to the more effective elimination of kerosene. Thus, in EK-SDS-Tw80-V1.5 and EK-SDS-Tw80-V2, SDS and Tween 80 were used simultaneously at higher concentrations, which led to 63 and 67% kerosene removal, respectively. Considering the maximum removal in EK-SDS-Tw80-V2, the energy consumption in EK-SDS-Tw80-V2 was 178 KWh/m3 due to the higher voltage gradient; whereas without increased voltage in EK-SDS-Tw80-V1.5, this amount was decreased to 84 KWh/m3. It is to be mentioned that the electro-osmotic flow (EOF) played a significant role in minimizing kerosene concentration during the EK process, particularly when combined with surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Barati Fardin
- Department of Mining, Mining and Environment, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran.
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Zanko LM, Wittle JK, Pamukcu S. Case study: Electrochemical Geo-Oxidation (ECGO) treatment of Massachusetts New Bedford Harbor sediment PCBs. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Galdames A, Ruiz-Rubio L, Orueta M, Sánchez-Arzalluz M, Vilas-Vilela JL. Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles for Soil and Groundwater Remediation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165817. [PMID: 32796749 PMCID: PMC7460444 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zero-valent iron has been reported as a successful remediation agent for environmental issues, being extensively used in soil and groundwater remediation. The use of zero-valent nanoparticles have been arisen as a highly effective method due to the high specific surface area of zero-valent nanoparticles. Then, the development of nanosized materials in general, and the improvement of the properties of the nano-iron in particular, has facilitated their application in remediation technologies. As the result, highly efficient and versatile nanomaterials have been obtained. Among the possible nanoparticle systems, the reactivity and availability of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (NZVI) have achieved very interesting and promising results make them particularly attractive for the remediation of subsurface contaminants. In fact, a large number of laboratory and pilot studies have reported the high effectiveness of these NZVI-based technologies for the remediation of groundwater and contaminated soils. Although the results are often based on a limited contaminant target, there is a large gap between the amount of contaminants tested with NZVI at the laboratory level and those remediated at the pilot and field level. In this review, the main zero-valent iron nanoparticles and their remediation capacity are summarized, in addition to the pilot and land scale studies reported until date for each kind of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alazne Galdames
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (LQM), Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (A.G.); (J.L.V.-V.)
| | - Leire Ruiz-Rubio
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (LQM), Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (A.G.); (J.L.V.-V.)
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-94-6017-972
| | - Maider Orueta
- Iragaz Watin S.A., 20720 Azkoitia, Spain; (M.O.); (M.S.-A.)
| | | | - José Luis Vilas-Vilela
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (LQM), Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (A.G.); (J.L.V.-V.)
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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Xu J, Liu Y, Tao F, Sun Y. Kinetics and reaction pathway of Aroclor 1254 removal by novel bimetallic catalysts supported on activated carbon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:749-755. [PMID: 30245430 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic catalysts supported on activated carbon (AC) with high metal loadings were prepared by an ion-exchange method. AC-supported Ni-Cu, Ni-Zn and Ni-Pd bimetallic catalysts were used to decompose Aroclor 1254, which is one of the most commonly used commercial mix of polychlorinated biphenyls. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis showed that the metals were uniformly distributed on the surfaces and inside the catalysts. The efficiencies of Aroclor 1254 decomposition were measured at different reaction temperatures and times. With increasing temperature, the catalytic activities increased and the activation energies of the reactions decreased, resulting in higher decomposition efficiencies. At 300 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere, Aroclor 1254 decomposition efficiencies of 99.3%, 99.4% and 99.5% were achieved for reactions with Ni-Cu/C, Ni-Zn/C and Ni-Pd/C, respectively. The kinetics and pathway of the decomposition reaction were discussed, and we concluded that the reactivity of the chlorine atoms located on the benzene rings followed the order para-position > meta-position > ortho-position. The PCBs were dechlorinated stepwise to form the final biphenyl product. The design concept and synthetic strategy developed in this study are of great significance in the disposal of chlorinated organic compounds, for use with the existing adsorption technology of AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fei Tao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yifei Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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López-Vizcaíno R, Yustres A, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Asensio L, Navarro V, Rodrigo MA. Techno-economic analysis of the scale-up process of electrochemically-assisted soil remediation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 231:570-575. [PMID: 30388654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a techno-economic study of the scaling-up of the electrochemically-assisted soil remediation (EASR) process of polluted soil. Four scales have been selected for the study: laboratory, bench, pilot and prototype, with a capacity of treating a volume of soil of 1 × 10-4, 2 × 10-3, 0.11 and 21.76 m3, respectively. This study analyses the technical information produced by studies carried out at each scale, and informs about the fixed costs (construction of the electrokinetic remediation reactor, installation of auxiliary services and purchase of analytical equipment) and variable costs (start-up, operation and dismantling of the test) derived from running a test at each of the evaluated scales. The information discussed in based on the experience gained with many evaluations carried out over the last decade at these scales. This information can provide useful guidance for developing a scaling-up of the EASR for many researchers starting on the evaluation of this important environmental remediation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R López-Vizcaíno
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - A Yustres
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - L Asensio
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - V Navarro
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles: Application on the Removal of Petroleum Oil from Contaminated Water and Soils. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/4184769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron nanoparticles were produced using the extract of mortiño berry (Vaccinium floribundum) (vZVI) as reducing and stabilizer agent. Fresh nanoparticles were characterized using TEM, XRD, and FTIR techniques, while laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) from water and soil after treatment with synthesized nanoscale iron particles. Nanoparticles as produced were spherical in the range of 5–10 nm. After treatment with vZVI nanoparticles, water contaminated with two concentrations of TPHs (9.32 mg/L and 94.20 mg/L) showed removals of 85.94% and 88.34%, respectively, whereas a contaminated soil with a TPHs concentration of 5000 mg/kg treated during 32 h with nanoparticles reached a removal of 81.90%. Results indicate that the addition of vZVI nanoparticles produced strong reducing conditions, which accelerate removal of TPHs and suggest that these nanoparticles might be a promising technology to clean up TPHs contaminated water and soils.
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Jiang D, Zeng G, Huang D, Chen M, Zhang C, Huang C, Wan J. Remediation of contaminated soils by enhanced nanoscale zero valent iron. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 163:217-227. [PMID: 29459304 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) for in situ remediation of soil contamination caused by heavy metals and organic pollutants has drawn great concern, primarily owing to its potential for excellent activity, low cost and low toxicity. This reviews considers recent advances in our understanding of the role of nZVI and enhanced nZVI strategy in the remediation of heavy metals and persistent organic contaminants polluted soil. The performance, the migration and transformation of nZVI affected by the soil physical and chemical conditions are summarized. However, the addition of nZVI inevitably disturbs the soil ecosystem, thus the impacts of nZVI on soil organisms are discussed. In order to further investigate the remediation effect of nZVI, physical, chemical and biological method combination with nZVI was developed to enhance the performance of nZVI. From a high efficient and environmentally friendly perspective, biological method enhanced nZVI technology will be future research needs. Possible improvement of nZVI-based materials and potential areas for further applications in soil remediation are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Danlian Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Chao Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jia Wan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Ševců A, El-Temsah YS, Filip J, Joner EJ, Bobčíková K, Černík M. Zero-valent iron particles for PCB degradation and an evaluation of their effects on bacteria, plants, and soil organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:21191-21202. [PMID: 28733821 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two types of nano-scale zero-valent iron (nZVI-B prepared by borohydride reduction and nZVI-T produced by thermal reduction of iron oxide nanoparticles in H2) and a micro-scale ZVI (mZVI) were compared for PCB degradation efficiency in water and soil. In addition, the ecotoxicity of nZVI-B and nZVI-T particles in treated water and soil was evaluated on bacteria, plants, earthworms, and ostracods. All types of nZVI and mZVI were highly efficient in degradation of PCBs in water, but had little degradation effect on PCBs in soil. Although nZVI-B had a significant negative impact on the organisms tested, treatment with nZVI-T showed no negative effect, probably due to surface passivation through controlled oxidation of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Ševců
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovations, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 46117, Liberec, Czech Republic.
| | - Yehia S El-Temsah
- Norwegian Institute for Bioecomomy Research, Environment and Climate Department, Høgskoleveien 7, 1430, Ås, Norway
- Genøk - Centre for Biosafety, Postboks 6418, 9294, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jan Filip
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Erik J Joner
- Norwegian Institute for Bioecomomy Research, Environment and Climate Department, Høgskoleveien 7, 1430, Ås, Norway
| | - Kateřina Bobčíková
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovations, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 46117, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Černík
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovations, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 46117, Liberec, Czech Republic.
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14
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Fan G, Wang Y, Fang G, Zhu X, Zhou D. Review of chemical and electrokinetic remediation of PCBs contaminated soils and sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:1140-1156. [PMID: 27711886 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00320f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are manmade organic compounds, and pollution due to PCBs has been a global environmental problem because of their persistence, long-range atmospheric transport and bioaccumulation. Many physical, chemical and biological technologies have been utilized to remediate PCBs contaminated soils and sediments, and there are some emerging new technologies and combined methods that may provide cost-effective alternatives to the existing remediation practice. This review provides a general overview on the recent developments in chemical treatment and electrokinetic remediation (EK) technologies related to PCBs remediation. In particular, four technologies including photocatalytic degradation of PCBs combined with soil washing, Fe-based reductive dechlorination, advanced oxidation process, and EK/integrated EK technology (e.g., EK coupled with chemical oxidation, nanotechnology and bioremediation) are reviewed in detail. We focus on the fundamental principles and governing factors of chemical technologies, and EK/integrated EK technologies. Comparative analysis of these technologies including their major advantages and disadvantages is summarized. The existing problems and future prospects of these technologies regarding PCBs remediation are further highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Fan
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China. and China Construction Power and Environment Engineering Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| | - Guodong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
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15
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Gomes HI, Dias-Ferreira C, Ottosen LM, Ribeiro AB. Electroremediation of PCB contaminated soil combined with iron nanoparticles: Effect of the soil type. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 131:157-163. [PMID: 25841071 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are carcinogenic and persistent organic pollutants that accumulate in soils and sediments. Currently, there is no cost-effective and sustainable remediation technology for these contaminants. In this work, a new combination of electrodialytic remediation and zero valent iron particles in a two-compartment cell is tested and compared to a more conventional combination of electrokinetic remediation and nZVI in a three-compartment cell. In the new two-compartment cell, the soil is suspended and stirred simultaneously with the addition of zero valent iron nanoparticles. Remediation experiments are made with two different historically PCB contaminated soils, which differ in both soil composition and contamination source. Soil 1 is a mix of soils with spills of transformer oils, while Soil 2 is a superficial soil from a decommissioned school where PCB were used as windows sealants. Saponin, a natural surfactant, was also tested to increase the PCB desorption from soils and enhance dechlorination. Remediation of Soil 1 (with highest pH, carbonate content, organic matter and PCB concentrations) obtained the maximum 83% and 60% PCB removal with the two-compartment and the three-compartment cell, respectively. The highest removal with Soil 2 were 58% and 45%, in the two-compartment and the three-compartment cell, respectively, in the experiments without direct current. The pH of the soil suspension in the two-compartment treatment appears to be a determining factor for the PCB dechlorination, and this cell allowed a uniform distribution of the nanoparticles in the soil, while there was iron accumulation in the injection reservoir in the three-compartment cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena I Gomes
- CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; CERNAS - Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Escola Superior Agraria de Coimbra, Instituto Politecnico de Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Brovej, Building 118, DK 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Celia Dias-Ferreira
- CERNAS - Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Escola Superior Agraria de Coimbra, Instituto Politecnico de Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lisbeth M Ottosen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Brovej, Building 118, DK 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alexandra B Ribeiro
- CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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