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Insect-mediated apparent competition between mammals in a boreal food web. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022892118. [PMID: 34282006 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022892118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While the important role of animal-mediated interactions in the top-down restructuring of plant communities is well documented, less is known of their ensuing repercussions at higher trophic levels. We demonstrate how typically decoupled ecological interactions may become intertwined such that the impact of an insect pest on forest structure and composition alters predator-prey interactions among large mammals. Specifically, we show how irruptions in a common, cyclic insect pest of the boreal forest, the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana), modulated an indirect trophic interaction by initiating a flush in deciduous vegetation that benefited moose (Alces alces), in turn strengthening apparent competition between moose and threatened boreal caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) via wolf (Canis lupus) predation. Critically, predation on caribou postoutbreak was exacerbated by human activity (salvage logging). We believe our observations of significant, large-scale reverberating consumer-producer-consumer interactions are likely to be common in nature.
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Eugenio FC, Rosa Dos Santos A, Fiedler NC, Ribeiro GA, da Silva AG, Juvanhol RS, Schettino VR, Marcatti GE, Domingues GF, Alves Dos Santos GMAD, Pezzopane JEM, Pedra BD, Banhos A, Martins LD. GIS applied to location of fires detection towers in domain area of tropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 562:542-549. [PMID: 27110968 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In most countries, the loss of biodiversity caused by the fires is worrying. In this sense, the fires detection towers are crucial for rapid identification of fire outbreaks and can also be used in environmental inspection, biodiversity monitoring, telecommunications mechanisms, telemetry and others. Currently the methodologies for allocating fire detection towers over large areas are numerous, complex and non-standardized by government supervisory agencies. Therefore, this study proposes and evaluates different methodologies to best location of points to install fire detection towers considering the topography, risk areas, conservation units and heat spots. Were used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques and unaligned stratified systematic sampling for implementing and evaluating 9 methods for allocating fire detection towers. Among the methods evaluated, the C3 method was chosen, represented by 140 fire detection towers, with coverage of: a) 67% of the study area, b) 73.97% of the areas with high risk, c) 70.41% of the areas with very high risk, d) 70.42% of the conservation units and e) 84.95% of the heat spots in 2014. The proposed methodology can be adapted to areas of other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Coelho Eugenio
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, PostGraduate Programme in Forest Sciences, Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, 29550-000 Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Rosa Dos Santos
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, PostGraduate Programme in Forest Sciences, Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, 29550-000 Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil.
| | - Nilton Cesar Fiedler
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, PostGraduate Programme in Forest Sciences, Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, 29550-000 Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil.
| | - Guido Assunção Ribeiro
- Federal University of Viçosa/UFV, Graduate Program in Forest Science, Avenida P. H. Rolfs; s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Aderbal Gomes da Silva
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, PostGraduate Programme in Forest Sciences, Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, 29550-000 Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil.
| | - Ronie Silva Juvanhol
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, PostGraduate Programme in Forest Sciences, Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, 29550-000 Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil.
| | - Vitor Roberto Schettino
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, Department of Geology, Alto Universitário, s/n, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Eduardo Marcatti
- Federal University of Viçosa/UFV, PostGraduate Programme in Forest Science, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Getúlio Fonseca Domingues
- Federal University of Viçosa/UFV, PostGraduate Programme in Forest Science, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - José Eduardo Macedo Pezzopane
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, PostGraduate Programme in Forest Sciences, Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, 29550-000 Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Duguy Pedra
- University of Barcelona, Department of Vegetal Biology, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Aureo Banhos
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, Department of Biology, Alto Universitário, s/n, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil.
| | - Lima Deleon Martins
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, PostGraduate Programme in Plant Production, Alto Universitário, s/n, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil.
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