1
|
Zhu Q, Liu L, Wang C, Wan Y, Yang R, Mou J, Liu J, Wu Y, Tang S, Zhu T, Meng L, Zhang J, Elrys AS. Carbon and nitrogen fractions control soil N 2O emissions and related functional genes under land-use change in the tropics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122370. [PMID: 37586684 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Converting natural forests to managed ecosystems generally increases soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emission. However, the pattern and underlying mechanisms of N2O emissions after converting tropical forests to managed plantations remain elusive. Hence, a laboratory incubation study was investigated to determine soil N2O emissions of four land uses including forest, eucalyptus, rubber, and paddy field plantations in a tropical region of China. The effect of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fractions on soil N2O emissions and related functional genes was also estimated. We found that the conversion of natural forests to managed forests significantly decreased soil N2O emissions, but the conversion to paddy field had no effect. Soil N2O emissions were controlled by both nitrifying and denitrifying genes in tropical natural forest, but only by nitrifying genes in managed forests and by denitrifying genes in paddy field. Soil total N, extractable nitrate, particulate organic C (POC), and hydrolyzable ammonium N showed positive relationship with soil N2O emission. The easily oxidizable organic C (EOC), POC, and light fraction organic C (LFOC) had positive linear correlation with the abundance of AOA-amoA, AOB-amoA, nirK, and nirS genes. The ratios of dissolved organic C, EOC, POC, and LFOC to total N rather than soil C/N ratio control soil N2O emissions with a quadratic function relationship, and the local maximum values were 0.16, 0.22, 1.5, and 0.55, respectively. Our results provided a new evidence of the role of soil C and N fractions and their ratios in controlling soil N2O emissions and nitrifying and denitrifying genes in tropical soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Zhu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chengzhi Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yunxing Wan
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ruoyan Yang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jinxia Mou
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Resource and Environment Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yanzheng Wu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shuirong Tang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Tongbin Zhu
- Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Karst Dynamics Laboratory, MLR and Guangxi, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Lei Meng
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ahmed S Elrys
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmad I, Ahmad S, Yang XN, Meng XP, Yang BP, Liu T, Han QF. Effect of uniconazole and nitrogen level on lodging resistance and yield potential of maize under medium and high plant density. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:485-496. [PMID: 33423379 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lodging in maize results in grain yield reduction. This experiment investigated the effects of different application rates of the growth retardant, uniconazole (UCZ), and nitrogen (N) on medium and high maize population densities on lodging resistance and yield. UCZ was applied to maize seeds at concentrations of 0 (U0 ) and 25 (U25 ) mg kg-1 , and three different N application rates, 0 (N0 ), 150 (N150 ) and 225 (N225 ) kg ha-1 , at plant densities of 75,000 (D1 ) and 105,000 plants ha-1 (D2 ). UCZ application, different N rates and plant population density affected the lodging resistance and yield attributes of maize. The diameter, plumpness, cortex penetration and bending strengths of the internodes were enhanced with UCZ and N application at medium and high plant density, where maximum values were obtained with U25 N150 D1 . Internode length increased in the high-density population and higher N rate, whereas UCZ reduced internode length, where maximum internode length was obtained with U0 N225 D2 . Plant height, centre of gravity height, ear and height above ear-bearing node were higher with the high N rate, while UCZ reduced it significantly. UCZ, N rate and plant density enhanced lignin accumulation in the third internode and ear-bearing internode, where maximum values were obtained with U25 N150 D1 . Yield and yield attributes were also improved by UCZ, N rate and population density. Treatment with U25 N150 D2 significantly improved grain yield of maize compared with the other treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in North-Western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - S Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in North-Western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - X N Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in North-Western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - X P Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in North-Western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - B P Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in North-Western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - T Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in North-Western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Q F Han
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in North-Western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Janes-Bassett V, Davies J, Rowe EC, Tipping E. Simulating long-term carbon nitrogen and phosphorus biogeochemical cycling in agricultural environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136599. [PMID: 31982737 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how agricultural practices alter biogeochemical cycles is vital for maintaining land productivity, food security, and other ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration. However, these are complex, highly coupled long-term processes that are difficult to observe or explore through empirical science alone. Models are required that capture the main anthropogenic disturbances, whilst operating across regions and long timescales, simulating both natural and agricultural environments, and shifts among these. Many biogeochemical models neglect agriculture or interactions between carbon and nutrient cycles, which is surprising given the scale of intervention in nitrogen and phosphorus cycles introduced by agriculture. This gap is addressed here, using a plant-soil model that simulates integrated soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus (CNP) cycling across natural, semi-natural and agricultural environments. The model is rigorously tested both spatially and temporally using data from long-term agricultural experiments across temperate environments. The model proved capable of reproducing the magnitude of and trends in soil nutrient stocks, and yield responses to nutrient addition. The model has potential to simulate anthropogenic effects on biogeochemical cycles across northern Europe, for long timescales (centuries) without site-specific calibration, using easily accessible input data. The results demonstrate that weatherable P from parent material has a considerable effect on modern pools of soil C and N, despite significant perturbation of nutrient cycling from agricultural practices, highlighting the need to integrate both geological and agricultural processes to understand effects of land-use change on food security, C storage and nutrient sustainability. The results suggest that an important process or source of P is currently missing in our understanding of agricultural biogeochemical cycles. The model could not explain how yields were sustained in plots with low P fertiliser addition. We suggest that plant access to organic P is a key uncertainty warranting further research, particularly given sustainability concerns surrounding rock sources of P fertiliser.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Janes-Bassett
- Pentland Centre for Sustainability in Business, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, UK.
| | - Jessica Davies
- Pentland Centre for Sustainability in Business, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, UK
| | - Ed C Rowe
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu L, Blackwell M, Dunham S, Hernández-Allica J, McGrath SP. Simulation of Phosphorus Chemistry, Uptake and Utilisation by Winter Wheat. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100404. [PMID: 31600980 PMCID: PMC6843122 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The phosphorus (P) supply from soils is crucial to crop production. Given the complexity involved in P-cycling, a model that can simulate the major P-cycling processes and link with other nutrients and environmental factors, e.g., soil temperature and moisture, would be a useful tool. The aim of this study was to describe a process-based P module added to the SPACSYS (Soil Plant and Atmosphere Continuum System) model and to evaluate its predictive capability on the dynamics of P content in crops and the impact of soil P status on crop growth. A P-cycling module was developed and linked to other modules included in the SPACSYS model. We used a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv Xi-19) field experiment at Rothamsted Research in Harpenden to calibrate and validate the model. Model performance statistics show that the model simulated aboveground dry matter, P accumulation and soil moisture dynamics reasonably well. Simulated dynamics of soil nitrate and ammonium were close to the observed data when P fertiliser was applied. However, there are large discrepancies in fields without P fertiliser. This study demonstrated that the SPACSYS model was able to investigate the interactions between carbon, nitrogen, P and water in a single process-based model after the tested P module was implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianhai Wu
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Okehampton EX20 2SB, UK.
| | - Martin Blackwell
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Okehampton EX20 2SB, UK.
| | - Sarah Dunham
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | | | - Steve P McGrath
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Su W, Kamran M, Xie J, Meng X, Han Q, Liu T, Han J. Shoot and root traits of summer maize hybrid varieties with higher grain yields and higher nitrogen use efficiency at low nitrogen application rates. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7294. [PMID: 31341742 PMCID: PMC6637931 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breeding high-yielding and nitrogen-efficient maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid varieties is a strategy that could simultaneously solve the problems of resource shortages and environmental pollution. We conducted a 2-year field study using four nitrogen application rates (0, 150, 225, and 300 kg N hm-2) and two maize hybrid varieties (ZD958 and QS101) to understand the plant traits related to high grain yields and high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). We found that ZD958 had a higher grain yield and nitrogen accumulation in the shoots at harvest as well as a higher NUE at lower nitrogen application rates (0 and 150 kg hm-2) than QS101. The grain yields and NUE were almost identical for the two hybrid varieties at nitrogen application rates of 225 and 300 kg N hm-2. Compared with QS101, ZD958 had higher above-ground and below-ground biomass amounts, a deeper root distribution, longer root length, root active absorption area, greater grain filling rate, and higher photosynthetic NUE than QS101 at lower nitrogen application rates. Our results showed that ZD958 can maintain a higher grain yield at lower nitrogen rates in a similar manner to N-efficient maize hybrid varieties. The selection of hybrids such as ZD958 with a deeper root distribution and higher photosynthetic NUE can increase the grain yield and NUE under low nitrogen conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wennan Su
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage Science in North-western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture / College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semi-arid Areas, Ministry of Education / Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semi-arid Areas, Ministry of Education / Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semi-arid Areas, Ministry of Education / Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiangping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage Science in North-western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture / College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semi-arid Areas, Ministry of Education / Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qingfang Han
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage Science in North-western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture / College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semi-arid Areas, Ministry of Education / Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tiening Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage Science in North-western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture / College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semi-arid Areas, Ministry of Education / Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Juan Han
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage Science in North-western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture / College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semi-arid Areas, Ministry of Education / Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gaudio N, Escobar-Gutiérrez AJ, Casadebaig P, Evers JB, Gérard F, Louarn G, Colbach N, Munz S, Launay M, Marrou H, Barillot R, Hinsinger P, Bergez JE, Combes D, Durand JL, Frak E, Pagès L, Pradal C, Saint-Jean S, Van Der Werf W, Justes E. Current knowledge and future research opportunities for modeling annual crop mixtures. A review. AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2019; 39:20. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s13593-019-0562-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
|
7
|
Effects of fertilizer application schemes and soil environmental factors on nitrous oxide emission fluxes in a rice-wheat cropping system, east China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202016. [PMID: 30107005 PMCID: PMC6091932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) with agricultural soils representing its largest anthropogenic source. However, the mechanisms involved in the N2O emission and factors affecting N2O emission fluxes in response to various nitrogenous fertilizer applications remain uncertain. We conducted a four-year (2012–2015) field experiment to assess how fertilization scheme impacts N2O emissions from a rice-wheat cropping system in eastern China. The fertilizer treatments included Control (CK), Conventional fertilizer (CF), CF with shallow-irrigation (CF+SI), CF with deep-irrigation system (CF+DI), Optimized fertilizer (OF), OF with Urease inhibitor (OF+UI), OF with conservation tillage (OF+CT) and Slow-release fertilizer (SRF). N2O emissions were measured by a closed static chamber method. N2O emission fluxes ranged from 0.61 μg m-2 h-1 to 1707 μg m-2 h-1, indicating a significant impact of nitrogen fertilizer and cropping type on N2O emissions. The highest crop yields for wheat (3515–3667 kg ha-1) and rice (8633–8990 kg ha-1) were observed under the SRF and OF+UI treatments with significant reduction in N2O emissions by 16.94–21.20% and 5.55–7.93%, respectively. Our findings suggest that the SRF and OF+UI treatments can be effective in achieving maximum crop yield and lowering N2O emissions for the rice-wheat cropping system in eastern China.
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu Z, Gao J, Gao F, Liu P, Zhao B, Zhang J. Photosynthetic Characteristics and Chloroplast Ultrastructure of Summer Maize Response to Different Nitrogen Supplies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:576. [PMID: 29765387 PMCID: PMC5938403 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the important crop over the world. Nitrogen (N) as necessary element affects photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of summer maize. In this study, N0 (0 kg N ha-1), N1 (129 kg N ha-1), N2 (185 kg N ha-1), and N3 (300 kg N ha-1) was conducted using hybrid 'ZhengDan958' at Dawenkou research field (36°11'N, 117°06'E, 178 m altitude) in the North China Plain to explore the effects of N rate on photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure. Gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll SPAD value, chloroplast ultrastructure, dry matter weight and grain yield were measured. At physiological maturity stage, dry matter weight and grain yield of N2 increased by 33-52% (P ≤ 0.05) and 6-32% (P ≤ 0.05), respectively, compared with other treatments. During the growing from silking (R1) to milk (R3) stage, LAI of N0 and N1 were 35-38% (P ≤ 0.05) and 9-23% (P ≤ 0.05) less than that of N2, respectively. Chlorophyll SPAD value of N0 and N1 were 13-22% (P ≤ 0.05) and 5-11% (P ≤ 0.05) lower than that of N2. There was no significant difference in LAI and chlorophyll SPAD value between N2 and N3 during the period from R1 to R3 (P > 0.05). The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), maximal quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and quantum efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) were higher with the increase of N rate up to N2 (P ≤ 0.05), and those of N3 were significantly less than N2 (P ≤ 0.05). In compared with N2, the chloroplast configuration of N0 and N1 became elliptical, almost circular or irregular. The membrane of chloroplast and thylakoid resolved with growing stage, and the number of chloroplast per cell and lamellae per grana decreased under N0 and N1 treatment (P ≤ 0.05). Under N0 and N1 treatments, summer maize had more negative photosynthetic characteristics. The more number of osmium granule and vesicle and the larger gap between lamellae were shown in N3. Therefore, N2 treatment, 185 kg N ha-1, is the appropriate application rate for grain yield, photosynthesis and chloroplast ultrastructure.
Collapse
|