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Huang XY, Ye XP, Hu YY, Tang ZX, Zhang T, Zhou H, Zhou T, Bai XL, Pi EX, Xie BH, Shi LE. Exopolysaccharides of Paenibacillus polymyxa: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129663. [PMID: 38278396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Paenibacillus polymyxa (P. polymyxa) is a member of the genus Paenibacillus, which is a rod-shaped, spore-forming gram-positive bacterium. P. polymyxa is a source of many metabolically active substances, including polypeptides, volatile organic compounds, phytohormone, hydrolytic enzymes, exopolysaccharide (EPS), etc. Due to the wide range of compounds that it produces, P. polymyxa has been extensively studied as a plant growth promoting bacterium which provides a direct benefit to plants through the improvement of N fixation from the atmosphere and enhancement of the solubilization of phosphorus and the uptake of iron in the soil, and phytohormones production. Among the metabolites from P. polymyxa, EPS exhibits many activities, for example, antioxidant, immunomodulating, anti-tumor and many others. EPS has various applications in food, agriculture, environmental protection. Particularly, in the field of sustainable agriculture, P. polymyxa EPS can be served as a biofilm to colonize microbes, and also can act as a nutrient sink on the roots of plants in the rhizosphere. Therefore, this paper would provide a comprehensive review of the advancements of diverse aspects of EPS from P. polymyxa, including the production, extraction, structure, biosynthesis, bioactivity and applications, etc. It would provide a direction for future research on P. polymyxa EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Ya Huang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Xin-Pei Ye
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yan-Yu Hu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Tang
- School of Culinary Art, Tourism College of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311231, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Xue-Lian Bai
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Er-Xu Pi
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Bing-Hua Xie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
| | - Lu-E Shi
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
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Shende AP, Chidambaram R. Cocoyam powder extracted from Colocasia antiquorum as a novel plant-based bioflocculant for industrial wastewater treatment: Flocculation performance and mechanism. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15228. [PMID: 37095926 PMCID: PMC10121460 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current investigation, the comparative study of cocoyam bioflocculant (CYBF) and chemical flocculant for the removal of heavy metals, COD, BOD, TDS, TSS, sulphate and nitrate from tannery effluent, and dyes from synthetic dye wastewater were examined. Different analytical techniques, including Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), were used to characterise the extracted bioflocculant. FTIR spectral measurement of the bioflocculant demonstrated the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups. By using bioflocculant, the highest removal of TSS (85.5%), TDS (76.2%), BOD (74%), COD (50.5%), sulphate (54.4%), nitrate (52%), Lead (65%), Chromium (60%), Nickel (57.9%), from tannery effluent was achieved at pH 6 and bioflocculant dosage of 8 mg/L. While, 80% congo red, 79% methyl orange, 73% safranin, and 72% methylene blue were removed from synthetic dye wastewater by cocoyam bioflocculant. Two flocculation mechanisms were found for dye removal, electrostatic force of attraction, and hydrogen bonding. In the case of metal adsorption, only electrostatic interactions were observed between metal ions and functional groups of bioflocculant. The cocoyam bioflocculant exhibited excellent flocculation efficacy and thus can be used in wastewater treatment to remove heavy metals and other pollutants.
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Xia M, Zhou H, Amanze C, Hu L, Shen L, Yu R, Liu Y, Chen M, Li J, Wu X, Qiu G, Zeng W. A novel polysaccharides-based bioflocculant produced by Bacillus subtilis ZHX3 and its application in the treatment of multiple pollutants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133185. [PMID: 34883128 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A high bioflocculant-producing bacterial strain was identified and named Bacillus subtilis ZHX3. Single-factor experiments suggested that 10 g/L starch and 5 g/L yeast extract were optimal for strain ZHX3 to produce bioflocculant MBF-ZHX3. The maximum flocculating rate reached 95.5%, and 3.14 g/L product was extracted after 3 days of cultivation. MBF-ZHX3 was mainly composed of polysaccharides (77.2%) and protein (14.8%). The polysaccharides contained 28.9% uronic acid and 3.7% amino sugar. Rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 0.35:1.83:3.09:12.66:0.46:3.81 were detected. MBF-ZHX3 had a molecular weight of 10,028 Da and contained abundant groups (-OH, CO, >PO, C-O-C) contributing to flocculation. Adsorption and bridging was considered as the main flocculation mechanism. MBF-ZHX3 was more effective in decolorizing dyes, removing heavy metals and flotation reagents compared to polyacrylamide. The results implied that MBF-ZHX3 has the potential to substitute polyacrylamide in wastewater treatment because of its excellent biological and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchen Xia
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Han Zhou
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Charles Amanze
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lan Hu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Li Shen
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Runlan Yu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yuandong Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Miao Chen
- CSIRO Process Science and Engineering, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Jiaokun Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xueling Wu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Guanzhou Qiu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Weimin Zeng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China; CSIRO Process Science and Engineering, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
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Kurniawan SB, Imron MF, Chik CENCE, Owodunni AA, Ahmad A, Alnawajha MM, Rahim NFM, Said NSM, Abdullah SRS, Kasan NA, Ismail S, Othman AR, Hasan HA. What compound inside biocoagulants/bioflocculants is contributing the most to the coagulation and flocculation processes? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150902. [PMID: 34653447 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biocoagulants and bioflocculants are alternative items that can be used to substitute the utilization of common-chemical coagulants and flocculants. Biocoagulants/bioflocculants can be extracted from animals, microorganisms, and plants. Moreover, biocoagulants/bioflocculants have specific characteristics that contribute to the coagulation and flocculation processes. The active compounds inside biocoagulants/bioflocculants vary and correspond to the specific working mechanisms, including charge neutralization, sweep coagulation, adsorption, bridging, and patch flocculation. This review paper summarizes the characteristics of biocoagulants/bioflocculants from different sources and its performance in treating various pollutants. Furthermore, this paper discusses the most contributing compounds and functional groups of biocoagulants/bioflocculants that can be related to their working mechanisms. Several functional groups and compounds in biocoagulants/bioflocculants are highlighted in this review article, as well as the correlation between the highlighted groups/compounds to the aforementioned coagulation-flocculation mechanisms. In addition, current knowledge gaps in the study of biocoagulants/bioflocculants and future approaches that may serve as research directions are also emphasized. This review article is expected to shed information on the characteristics of biocoagulants/bioflocculants, which may then become a focus in the optimization to obtain higher performance in future application of coagulation-flocculation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Fauzul Imron
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
| | | | - Amina Adedoja Owodunni
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Azmi Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Polytechnic Education and Community College, Ministry of Higher Education, 62100 Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Mohammad Alnawajha
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Farhana Mohd Rahim
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Sakinah Mohd Said
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Azman Kasan
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Suzylawati Ismail
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Razi Othman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Transcriptome analysis of potential flocculation-related genes in Streptomyces sp. hsn06 with flocculation activity on Chlorella vulgaris biomass. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:41. [PMID: 34932151 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris is a biomass energy provider with promising potential to help alleviate the energy crisis. Streptomyces sp. hsn06, as an actinomycete, can harvest C. vulgaris biomass safely and efficiently through flocculation activity, and proteins contribute greatly to the flocculation effect. However, potential flocculation protein-related genes are unclear. The mycelia of strain hsn06 after culture with glucose as the sole carbon source exhibited significantly higher flocculation activity as well as higher protein contents than those cultured with starch as the carbon source. To further explore the flocculation mechanism, the mycelia of strain hsn06 with distinct flocculation activities after culture with different carbon sources were examined by transcriptome analysis. We found that 403 genes were differentially up-regulated in mycelia cultured with glucose, compared to those cultured with starch as the carbon source. Five significantly differentially expressed protein-related genes were determined and confirmed by qRT-PCR, which indicated that three of the selected genes were potential flocculation-related genes. These results advance our understanding of potential flocculation-related genes during the harvesting of microalgal biomass.
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Siddharth T, Sridhar P, Vinila V, Tyagi RD. Environmental applications of microbial extracellular polymeric substance (EPS): A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 287:112307. [PMID: 33798774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, water demand and wastewater generation has increased due to urbanization around the globe which had led to an increase in the utilization of chemicals/synthetic polymers for treating the wastewaters. These synthetic polymers used during the coagulation/flocculation process are non-renewable, non-biodegradable, and have a potential neurotoxic and carcinogenic effect. From the literature it is clear that extracellular polymer substance (EPS) is a potential bioflocculant, moreover it is renewable, biodegradable, eco-friendly, non-toxic as well as economically valued product. The various identification techniques and extraction methods of EPS are elaborated. Further application of EPS as absorbent in removing the dye from the industrial effluent is presented. Moreover EPS as a potential adsorbent for heavy metal removal from the various effluent is discussed. In addition, EPS is also utilized for soil remediation and soil erosion control. Mainly, EPS as bioflocculant in treating raw water, wastewater treatment, leachate and sludge management are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Siddharth
- Water and Environment Division, Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology - Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - P Sridhar
- Water and Environment Division, Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology - Warangal, Telangana, India.
| | - V Vinila
- Water and Environment Division, Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology - Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - R D Tyagi
- Chief Scientific Officer, BOSK Bioproducts, Canada
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Kurniawan SB, Abdullah SRS, Imron MF, Said NSM, Ismail N‘I, Hasan HA, Othman AR, Purwanti IF. Challenges and Opportunities of Biocoagulant/Bioflocculant Application for Drinking Water and Wastewater Treatment and Its Potential for Sludge Recovery. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9312. [PMID: 33322826 PMCID: PMC7764310 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of metal-based conventional coagulants/flocculants to remove suspended solids from drinking water and wastewater is currently leading to new concerns. Alarming issues related to the prolonged effects on human health and further pollution to aquatic environments from the generated nonbiodegradable sludge are becoming trending topics. The utilization of biocoagulants/bioflocculants does not produce chemical residue in the effluent and creates nonharmful, biodegradable sludge. The conventional coagulation-flocculation processes in drinking water and wastewater treatment, including the health and environmental issues related to the utilization of metal-based coagulants/flocculants during the processes, are discussed in this paper. As a counterpoint, the development of biocoagulants/bioflocculants for drinking water and wastewater treatment is intensively reviewed. The characterization, origin, potential sources, and application of this green technology are critically reviewed. This review paper also provides a thorough discussion on the challenges and opportunities regarding the further utilization and application of biocoagulants/bioflocculants in water and wastewater treatment, including the importance of the selection of raw materials, the simplification of extraction processes, the application to different water and wastewater characteristics, the scaling up of this technology to a real industrial scale, and also the potential for sludge recovery by utilizing biocoagulants/bioflocculants in water/wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Muhammad Fauzul Imron
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Nor Sakinah Mohd Said
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Nur ‘Izzati Ismail
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Razi Othman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Ipung Fitri Purwanti
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia;
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Marine Actinobacteria Bioflocculant: A Storehouse of Unique Biotechnological Resources for Wastewater Treatment and Other Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The bioactive compounds produced by actinobacteria have played a major role in antimicrobials, bioremediation, biofuels, enzymes, and anti-cancer activities. Biodegradable microbial flocculants have been produced by bacteria, algae, and fungi. Microbial bioflocculants have also attracted biotechnology importance over chemical flocculants as a result of degradability and environmentally friendly attributes they possess. Though, freshwater actinobacteria flocculants have been explored in bioflocculation. Yet, there is a paucity of information on the application of actinobacteria flocculants isolated from the marine environment. Similarly, marine habitats that supported the biodiversity of actinobacteria strains in the field of biotechnology have been underexplored in bioflocculation. Hence, this review reiterates the need to optimize culture conditions and other parameters that affect bioflocculant production by using a response surface model or artificial neural network.
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Vimala RTV, Lija Escaline J, Murugan K, Sivaramakrishnan S. An overview of organic matters in municipal wastewater: Removal via self-assembly flocculating mechanism and the molecular level characterization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 266:110572. [PMID: 32392138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
On considering the critical issues in attaining stringent water quality standards and not creating any environmental impacts, we focused for the first time the economically feasible, emerging technology known as Self-assembly flocculating (Saf process). In which, the study investigated the applicability of bioflocculant (a biopolymer-self-assembly in nature) act as a surrogates on relying the removal of broad spectrum of substances under optimized conditions (Dosage: 90 mg/L; pH: 7; CaCl2). On using different techniques, the results have proved in removing the organic matter such as pharmaceuticals (Gentamycin, Cholecalciferol, Fluvoxamine, 3-OH Desogestrel, and Pheniramine), endocrine disturbing compounds [Phthalic acid, Benzene, 1, 2, 4 -Trimethoxy-5-(1-Propenyl)-, Benzene, 1, 2-Dimethoxy-4-(2-Propenyl)-, 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid, 3-Cyclohexen-1-ol], fluorescent components (Polysaccharide like material), and others. The toxicological assessment of self-assembly bioflocculant implemented on zebra fish were statistically correlated [r = 0.95, p < 0.01 and 0.05 for P1WW; r = 0.91, p < 0.01 and 0.05 for P2WW] and [r = 0.7 5, p < 0.05 for P1WT; r = 0.095, p < 0.01 and 0.05 for P2WT]. This integrated approach supplemented further information of zeta potential (-16 mV in P1WW and -14.6 mV in P2WW decreased to -1.05 mV and -1.56 mV) with particle size distribution to explain via Saf process. In this research, the new insight has established non-toxic, self-assembly, biodegradable, bioflocculant for effective bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T V Vimala
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
| | - J Lija Escaline
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
| | - Kadarkarai Murugan
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - S Sivaramakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India.
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Ge J, Guha B, Lippincott L, Cach S, Wei J, Su TL, Meng X. Challenges of arsenic removal from municipal wastewater by coagulation with ferric chloride and alum. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 725:138351. [PMID: 32304965 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Discharge of treated municipal wastewater containing arsenic (As) may cause adverse effects on the environment and drinking water sources. Arsenic concentrations were measured throughout the treatment systems at two municipal wastewater plants in New Jersey, USA. The efficiency of As removal by ferric chloride and alum coagulants were evaluated. Besides, the effects of suspended solids in the mixed liquor, pH, and orthophosphate (PO43-) on As removal were investigated. The total recoverable As (TAs) concentrations in the influent and effluent of Plant A were in the ranges of 2.00-3.00 and 1.50-2.30 μg/L, respectively. The results indicated that <30% of the As was removed by the conventional biological wastewater treatment processes. The influent and effluent TAs concentrations at Plant B was below 1.00 μg/L. The bench-scale coagulation results demonstrated for the first time that the coagulation treatment could not effectively remove As from the municipal wastewater to <2.00 μg/L. Very high doses of the coagulants (8 and 40 mg/L of Fe(III) or Al(III)) were required to reduce the TAs from 2.84 and 8.61 μg/L in the primary clarifier effluent and arsenate-spiked effluent samples to <2.00 μg/L, respectively, which could be attributed to the high concentrations of PO43- and dissolved organic matters (DOM) in the wastewater. The protein DOM in wastewater may negatively impact removal efficiencies more than the DOM in natural water, which mainly consists of humic substances. Furthermore, an artificial neural network was constructed to determine the relative importance of different parameters for As removal. Under the experimental conditions, the importance followed the order: coagulant dose>dissolved PO43- > initial As concentration > pH. The findings of this study will help develop effective treatment processes to remove As from municipal wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ge
- Center of Environmental Systems Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
| | - Biswarup Guha
- New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, 401 East State Street, Trenton, NJ 08625, USA.
| | - Lee Lippincott
- New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, 401 East State Street, Trenton, NJ 08625, USA.
| | - Stanley Cach
- New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, 401 East State Street, Trenton, NJ 08625, USA.
| | - Jinshan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Tsan-Liang Su
- Center of Environmental Systems Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
| | - Xiaoguang Meng
- Center of Environmental Systems Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
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Ma L, Liang J, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ma P, Pan Z, Jiang W. Production of a bioflocculant from Enterobacter sp. P3 using brewery wastewater as substrate and its application in fracturing flowback water treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:18242-18253. [PMID: 32180144 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel bioflocculant (BW-P3) was produced by a strain of Enterobacter sp. P3 using brewery wastewater as substrate and was further applied to remove the colored substance of fracturing flowback water. The optimum conditions for bioflocculant production were specified by the response surface methodology as COD of brewery wastewater 1487.77 mg/L, glucose 8.94 g/L and initial pH 7.09, under which a bioflocculant yield of 1.274 g/L could be reached. The BW-P3 consists of 79.12% polysaccharides and 15.63% protein. Results show that BW-P3 has a high molecular weight (921 kDa) and contains functional groups (hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl, and acylamino) that likely contribute to flocculation. When using the BW-P3 to flocculate fracturing flowback water, the optimal dosage was 1 g/L BW-P3 with addition of 100 mg/L polymeric aluminum chloride as coagulant aid, and treated under 50 °C at pH 7. Under the optimal condition, the removal rates of chroma and suspended solids (SS) of the fracturing flowback water could reach 85% and 52%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ma
- National postdoctoral research station, Haitian Water Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Industrial Hazardous Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yirong Zhang
- China Petroloil Production Plant No.7, Changqing Oilfield Company, Changqing, Xi'an, 710200, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengchao Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Pan
- National postdoctoral research station, Haitian Water Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenju Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
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Vimala RTV, Lija Escaline J, Sivaramakrishnan S. Characterization of self-assembled bioflocculant from the microbial consortium and its applications. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 258:110000. [PMID: 31929048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioflocculant has been recently exploited in various research activities. In this research, we report for the first time that a novel bioflocculant can self-assemble into nanoparticles with an irregular structure in solution. Bioflocculant has been developed from novel consortium encompassing Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus mirabilis, Lysini bacillus sp., inoculated into the modified medium such as hydrolyzed wheat bran and rice bran extract. Characterization of bioflocculant shows that it is made up of mannose, fructose, raffinose, and galactose with a slightly negative charges. They are further characterized by FTIR and XPS. 3D-EEM and MALDITOF-MS are confirmed the proteoglycan nature of the bioflocculant. These bioflocculant not only exhibits greater biosorption of heavy metals by self-flocculating (or) self-aggregating activity, but also possesses mosquitocidal and anti-biofilm activity due to its cell surface modification. Further research have to be carried out regarding the mechanism of self-assembly nature of bioflocculant into nanoparticle in solution which provide a new path for bioremediation and biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T V Vimala
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - J Lija Escaline
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - S Sivaramakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India.
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Culture optimization for production and characterization of bioflocculant by Aspergillus flavus grown on chicken viscera hydrolysate. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:121. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bisht V, Lal B. Exploration of Performance Kinetics and Mechanism of Action of a Potential Novel Bioflocculant BF-VB2 on Clay and Dye Wastewater Flocculation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1288. [PMID: 31231353 PMCID: PMC6568053 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores production of an efficient bioflocculant; BF-VB2, by strain Bacillus sp. TERI VB2 and proposes its potential application in wastewater treatment. One milligram of BF-VB2 can effectively flocculate 1980.0 mg ± 5.0 mg of kaolin particles leading to 99.0% ± 0.5% enhancement in flocculation activity and 99.6% ± 1.0% reduction in turbidity; in less time. BF-VB2 when applied for treatment of textile dyeing industrial wastewater revealed reduction in dye color (82.78% ± 3.03%), COD (92.54% ± 0.24%), TSS (73.59% ± 0.71%), and chloride ions (81.90% ± 0.716%). The best-fit kinetic model (for both COD removal, and dye decolorization) was pseudo-first order with regression coefficient of 0.98 and 0.95, and rate constant of 4.33 × 10-2 and 1.83 × 102, respectively. Bridging due to presence of surface charges have been proposed as flocculation mechanism. From results obtained during test-tube studies, flocculation in larger volumes (0.01–5.0 L) was also performed to intend taking up BF-VB2 for in situ industrial wastewater treatment. This eco-friendly polysaccharide bioflocculant had longer shelf-life, stability to pH and temperature, cation-independence, and emerged to be more efficient than other flocculants assessed. This study proposed BF-VB2 as a potential natural flocculant candidate for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Bisht
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, India.,Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Center, New Delhi, India
| | - Banwari Lal
- Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Center, New Delhi, India
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Ma L, Liang J, Wang S, Yang B, Chen M, Liu Y. Production of a bioflocculant from Klebsiella sp. OS-1 using brewery wastewater as a source. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:44-52. [PMID: 28877651 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1377770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the potential of bioflocculant production from a Klebsiella strain using brewery wastewater as nutrients. The bioflocculant named OS-1B produced by Klebsiella sp. OS-1 exhibited a good flocculating activity to kaolin clay suspension (around 95%), when the diluted brewery wastewater with 7.2 mg/L total nitrogen and 1013 mg/L CODCr was used as a nitrogen source. Glucose (15 g/L) is the most favorable carbon source for Klebsiella sp. OS-1 in bioflocculant production from brewery wastewater. The yielded bioflocculant is pH tolerant and thermally stable, suggesting its good industrial potential. OS-1B mainly comprises polysaccharide (69.4%) and protein (24.5%). Fourier-transform infrared spectra indicate the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl, esters and amino groups in the bioflocculant molecules. Combined with the results of zeta potential measurements, bridging is suggested as the main flocculation mechanism for OS-1B flocculation with kaolin. Overall, brewery wastewater can be used as a substrate to produce bioflocculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ma
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest Petroleum University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest Petroleum University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Shanyi Wang
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest Petroleum University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
- b Hangxiang Nine-year Compulsory Education School , Ziyang , People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yang
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest Petroleum University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyan Chen
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest Petroleum University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest Petroleum University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
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Microbial Flocculants as an Alternative to Synthetic Polymers for Wastewater Treatment: A Review. Symmetry (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/sym10110556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and microalgae have been used to produce bioflocculants with various structures. These polymers are active substances that are biodegradable, environmentally harmless, and have flocculation characteristics. Most of the developed microbial bioflocculants displayed significant flocculating activity (FA > 70–90%) depending on the strain used and on the operating parameters. These biopolymers have been investigated and successfully used for wastewater depollution in the laboratory. In various cases, selected efficient microbial flocculants could reduce significantly suspended solids (SS), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (Nt), dye, and heavy metals, with removal percentages exceeding 90% depending on the bioflocculating materials and on the wastewater characteristics. Moreover, bioflocculants showed acceptable results for sludge conditioning (accepted levels of dry solids, specific resistance to filtration, moisture, etc.) compared to chemicals. This paper explores various bioflocculants produced by numerous microbial strains. Their production procedures and flocculating performance will be included. Furthermore, their efficiency in the depollution of wastewater will be discussed.
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Mu J, Zhou H, Chen Y, Yang G, Cui X. Revealing a novel natural bioflocculant resource from Ruditapes philippinarum: Effective polysaccharides and synergistic flocculation. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 186:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Xia X, Liang Y, Lan S, Li X, Xie Y, Yuan W. Production and flocculating properties of a compound biopolymer flocculant from corn ethanol wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:924-929. [PMID: 30060431 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A compound biopolymer flocculant (CBF) produced using corn ethanol wastewater as substrate was investigated. After optimization of culture conditions, 3.08 g/L of purified CBF was extracted from the culture broth following 48 h of cultivation. The CBF macromolecule is mainly composed of protein (15.9%) and polysaccharide (81.8%). The polysaccharide component includes neutral sugars (28.92%), amino sugars (4.04%) and uronic acid (11.69%), with the neutral sugars being glucose, mannose, and lactose at a molar ratio of 4.1:1.5:1.9. CBF is pH tolerant from 3.0 to 12.0 and thermal tolerant from 20 to 100 °C, allowing for its application over a wide range of conditions. Furthermore, the Langmuir model better describes CBF adsorption on kaolin clay, as compared to the Freundlich model. Charge neutralization and bridging mechanisms are the primary flocculation mechanisms. In addition, CBF shows a high methylene blue removal efficiency. These results indicate that this compound biopolymer flocculant has great potential in dye wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, PR China
| | - Yajie Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuhuan Lan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, PR China
| | - Xudong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, PR China
| | - Yifei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Wei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, PR China
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Nurul-Adela B, Nasrin AB, Loh SK. Palm oil mill effluent as a low-cost substrate for bioflocculant production by Bacillus marisflavi NA8. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-016-0096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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