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Miyauchi M. Water Adsorption on Hydrophilic Fibers and Porous and Deliquescent Materials: Cellulose, Polysaccharide, Silica, Inorganic Salt, Sugar Alcohol, and Amino Acid. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:44212-44220. [PMID: 38027329 PMCID: PMC10666253 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Water adsorption isotherms are systematically summarized by using celluloses and polysaccharides as hydrophilic crystal/amorphous materials with functional groups, silicas as hydrophilic porous materials, and inorganic salts, sugar alcohols, and amino acids as hygroscopic deliquescent materials. For hydrophilic fibers such as celluloses and polysaccharides, water was adsorbed on amorphous solids, and water clusters were formed around functional groups. For porous materials such as silicas, capillary condensation occurred in the micropores of silicas. For deliquescent materials such as inorganic salts, sugar alcohols, and amino acids, water adsorption rapidly increased stepwise at a specific threshold relative humidity, accompanied with a structure transformation to a liquid state. In addition, the water activity (Aw) of materials used in packed products was able to be estimated from the water adsorption isotherms of the pure component. This indicated that the deliquescent materials have a great effect on the depression of Aw for the suppression of microbial growth at an extremely high water content. The deliquescent materials could be useful to develop new environmentally and sustainable products and technologies with the mediation of water vapor and/or hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Miyauchi
- Tobacco Science Research
Center, R&D Group, Japan Tobacco Inc., 6-2 Umegaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8512, Japan
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2
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Praseetha PK, Godwin MA, AlSalhi MS, Devanesan S, Vijayakumar S, Sangeetha R, Prathipkumar S, Kim W. Porous chitosan-infused graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for potential microbicidal and photo-catalytic efficacies. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124120. [PMID: 36963549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Supply of safe drinking water is a high-risk challenge faced internationally. Hybrid technologies involving nanomaterials can offer possible solutions to this research involving natural biopolymers. Porous chitosan with a high specific surface area has promising properties but its use as a membrane component in water purification is still rarely reported. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a carbon nitride allotrope with a graphene-like layered structure that gifts unfamiliar physicochemical properties due to the presence of s-triazine fragments. It is a metal-free semiconductor with a band gap of ~2.7 eV to ~3.7 eV; which shows better visible light-activated photocatalyst properties. This work aims at synthesizing graphitic carbon nitride-biopolymer composite and exploring its properties in the field of wastewater treatment. The samples were synthesized via a soft chemical process with urea, as the source material. The flake-like morphology is displayed in the microstructural SEM image. The composition of the material was analyzed using EDS. Thermogram shows that the material is stable up to 500 °C and also confirms the formation of graphitic carbon nitride. In XRD spectra the intensity reduction shows the chitosan inclusion at the nitride site. The band gap of the prepared material was identified to be 2.3, 2.4 eV. The structural properties were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer and Raman spectroscopy. FTIR spectra and Raman spectra indicate the stretching vibration modes of CN and CN heterocycles and chitosan inclusion in the carbon nitride network. The photocatalytic activity was done in sunlight and a UV lamp with different dyes for doped and undoped g-C3N4. The doped (Porous/Non-porous chitosan) g-C3N4 showed faster dye degradation in sunlight compared to UV light. A biomolecular interaction study was done using Bovine serum albumin. It shows the material interaction with the BSA protein. The anti-microbial activity was performed on the Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli by disk diffusion method, the chitosan doped g-C3N4 showed good inhibitions against bacterial growth. The current work reveals the impact of nanoscale chitosan nanostructures doped on the optical, microstructural, catalytic, and antimicrobial properties of g-C3N4 nanosheets. This work provides new research options for nanocomposite-based photocatalytic nanomaterial g-C3N4 so that the quality of contaminated water could be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Praseetha
- Dept. of Nanotechnology, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - M Anto Godwin
- Dept. of Nanotechnology, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohamad S AlSalhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Vijayakumar
- PG and Research Department of Botany, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College, Poondi 613503, India.
| | - R Sangeetha
- PG and Research Department of Mathematics, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College, Poondi, India
| | - S Prathipkumar
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattangulathur, Chennai, India
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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3
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Gan F, Cheng B, Jin Z, Dai Z, Wang B, Yang L, Jiang X. Reply to Xiao's comments on 'Hierarchical porous biochar from plant-based biomass through selectively removing lignin carbon from biochar for enhanced removal of toluene'. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136230. [PMID: 36041534 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Gan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Bowen Cheng
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ziheng Jin
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhongde Dai
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; National Engineering Research Center for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Bangda Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; National Engineering Research Center for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; National Engineering Research Center for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; National Engineering Research Center for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Chengdu, 610065, China
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4
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Engineered biochar prepared using a self-template coupled with physicochemical activation for highly efficient adsorption of crystal violet. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Li H, Budarin VL, Clark JH, North M, Wu X. Rapid and efficient adsorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution by hierarchically porous, activated starbons®: Mechanism and porosity dependence. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129174. [PMID: 35739710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchically porous activated Starbons® derived from starch are found to make excellent adsorbents for methylene blue, even in the presence of other dyes and inorganic salts, highlighting their potential to be used in water purification. The optimal material (S950C90) has a methylene blue adsorption capacity (891 mg g-1) almost nine times higher than that of unactivated S800 and four times higher than that of commercial activated carbon at 298 K. The adsorption of methylene blue onto optimal materials (S950C90 and S800K4) reaches equilibrium within 5 min. Adsorption data for all the adsorbents show a good fit to the Freundlich isotherm which allows the Gibbs free energies of adsorption to be calculated. The adsorption capacities increase as the pH of the methylene blue solution increases, allowing the dye to be desorbed by treatment with acidic ethanol and the Starbon® materials reused. Porosimetry and SEM-EDX imaging indicate that methylene blue adsorbs throughout the surface and completely fills all the micropores in the Starbon® adsorbent. The methylene blue adsorption capacities show excellent correlations with both the BET surface areas and the micropore volumes of the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York Y10 5DD, UK
| | - Vitaliy L Budarin
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York Y10 5DD, UK
| | - James H Clark
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York Y10 5DD, UK
| | - Michael North
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York Y10 5DD, UK.
| | - Xiao Wu
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York Y10 5DD, UK
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Khangar RG, Mendhe VA, Kamble AD, Ranjan Das P, Shukla P, Bannerjee M, Varma AK. Variation in Pore Structure and Associated Fractal Dimensions of Barakar and Barren Measures Carbon-Rich Gas Shales of Jharia Basin, India. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:28678-28698. [PMID: 34746563 PMCID: PMC8567269 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The carbon-rich Barakar and Barren Measures shale beds of the Jharia basin were evaluated for variation in pore size, pore structure, and fractal dimensions. The shale core samples were obtained from exploratory boreholes drilled at the Jharia basin. The shale samples were analyzed for organo-inorganic composition by FTIR, pore size, and pore structure using BET low-pressure N2 adsorption and pore geometry through FE-SEM photographs. The shale samples have significant carbon-rich content and are intercalated-banded in nature. The pore structures were evaluated through N2 isotherms and validated by SEM images, revealing the mixed contribution of organo-inorganic matter in pore formations controlled by geochemical alteration, diagenesis, and mineral interaction. The rough internal surfaces of the pore were evaluated by categorizing them into fractals D 1, D 2, and D 3. It is observed that the D 2 type of fractals is in abundance associated with mesopores. The positive trend of fractals with pore size, pore structure, depth, fixed carbon, and TOC suggests the influence of different parameters on the formation of pore internal rugged surfaces in shale beds. The FE-SEM images indicate shallow to deep pores with different pore structures with fair to good pore connectivity. In summary, the shale beds of Jharia have heterogeneous complex pore structures, a rough surface, and sorption mechanisms controlled by weathering/alteration, depositional conditions, and organo-inorganic content. In shale beds, gas storage and transport phenomena are directly related to pore size distribution, pore structure, and associated fractal dimensions. The calculated values using the proposed empirical models for porosity (EPOf) and permeability (EPEf) showed excellent linear correlation with the measured porosity (MPOc, R 2 = 0.8577) and permeability (MPEc, R 2 = 0.8577), which are close to measured values. The curve matching of EPOf with MPOc and EPEf with MPEc follows a similar path, validating the results and suitability of the models. Hence, the proposed models may be considered to estimate the porosity and permeability of shale and coal beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Gangadhar Khangar
- Department of Applied Geology, Indian Institute
of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Vinod Atmaram Mendhe
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel
Research, Dhanbad 826015, Jharkhand, India
| | - Alka Damodhar Kamble
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Piyush Ranjan Das
- Department of Applied Geology, Indian Institute
of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Priyanka Shukla
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel
Research, Dhanbad 826015, Jharkhand, India
- AcSIR—Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mollika Bannerjee
- Department of Applied Geology, Indian Institute
of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Atul Kumar Varma
- Department of Applied Geology, Indian Institute
of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
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7
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Lee J, Seo M. Downsizing of Block Polymer-Templated Nanopores to One Nanometer via Hyper-Cross-Linking of High χ-Low N Precursors. ACS NANO 2021; 15:9154-9166. [PMID: 33950684 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthesizing nanoporous polymer from the block polymer template by selective removal of the sacrificial domain offers straightforward pore size control as a function of the degree of polymerization (N). Downscaling pore size into the microporous regime (<2 nm) has been thermodynamically challenging, because the low N drives the system to disorder and the small-sized pore is prone to collapse. Herein, we report that maximizing cross-linking density of a block polymer precursor with an increased interaction parameter (χ) can help successfully stabilize the structure bearing pore sizes of 1.1 nm. We adopt polymerization-induced microphase separation (PIMS) combined with hyper-cross-linking as a strategy for the preparation of the bicontinuous block polymer precursors with a densely cross-linked framework by copolymerization of vinylbenzyl chloride with divinylbenzene and also Friedel-Crafts alkylation. Incorporating 4-vinylbiphenyl as a higher-χ comonomer to the sacrificial polylactide (PLA) block and optimizing the segregation strength versus cross-linking density allow for further downscaling. Control of pore size by N of PLA is demonstrated in the range of 9.9-1.1 nm. Accessible surface area to fluorescein-tagged dextrans is regulated by the relative size of the pore to the guest, and pore size is controlled. These findings will be useful for designing microporous polymers with tailored pore size for advanced catalytic and separation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myungeun Seo
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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8
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Liu L, Qian H, Mu L, Wu J, Feng X, Lu X, Zhu J. Techno-economic analysis of biomass processing with dual outputs of energy and activated carbon. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124108. [PMID: 32957044 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomass utilization is facing great challenge mainly due to the low profit margin of biomass products. Bio-energy plants using gasification and liquefaction technologies are barely surviving, while biomass to activated carbon (AC) route has been demonstrated economically successful. In this work, spent mushroom substrate was used to produce AC and fuel gas with two different processes using internal flue gas and external air as activation agents, respectively. Experimental work was conducted to produce input data for Aspen Plus simulation including processing temperature, flue gas composition, AC yield, etc. Techno-economic analysis was performed, which reveals a great economic potential of integrating AC production in biomass processing. Air activation has obvious advantage in economic benefits, while the risk of precise temperature control and operation stability needs to be carefully evaluated in large-scale production. Flue gas activation is more reliable and it also generates less CO2 that is beneficial for the long-term operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hongliang Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liwen Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaohua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiahua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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9
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Removal of Rhodamine B (A Basic Dye) and Acid Yellow 17 (An Acidic Dye) from Aqueous Solutions by Ordered Mesoporous Carbon and Commercial Activated Carbon. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids3010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, adsorption of rhodamine B (RB) and acid yellow 17 (AY17) was investigated on ordered mesoporous carbon material obtained by soft-templating method with hydrochloric acid (ST-A). For comparison, the adsorption process on commercial activated carbon CWZ-22 was also carried out. The sorbents were characterized by nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms and scanning electron microscopy. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were applied to simulate the equilibrium data of RB and AY17. Adsorption isotherm data could be better described by the Langmuir model than the Freundlich model. The adsorption kinetics of RB and AY17 on studied carbons could be well depicted by using pseudo-second-order kinetic modeling. The adsorption capacity increased with temperature increase in the range of 298–315 K. In the whole diffusion process, the intraparticle diffusion was involved, but not the whole rate-controlling step. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, including Gibbs free energy (∆G), enthalpy (∆H), and entropy (ΔS) suggested that adsorption processes of RB and AY17 on ST-A and CWZ-22 were endothermic and spontaneous.
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Ramesh T, Rajalakshmi N, Dhathathreyan KS, Reddy LRG. Hierarchical Porous Carbon Microfibers Derived from Tamarind Seed Coat for High-Energy Supercapacitor Application. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:12832-12840. [PMID: 30411021 PMCID: PMC6217578 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The overwhelming interest in supercapacitors has led to the search for various carbonaceous materials, leading to hierarchical porous carbons. Herein, we report a natural biomass (tamarind seed)-based hierarchical porous carbon without any template and activated by a facile scheme. The tamarind seed coat-based hierarchical porous carbon possessed a unique configuration, making the material exhibit superior supercapacitor properties. A single carbon fiber hosting a distinctive micro- and mesoporous structure formed a connecting thread between the pores. This unique structure enabled high surface area and high capacitance. The highest surface area obtained by this method was 1702 m2 g-1, whereas the capacitance was 157 F g-1 in 6 M KOH. Further, an ionic liquid-based electrolyte revealed 78 F g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A g-1. Outstanding capacity retentions of 96 and 93% were obtained over 1000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g-1 for aqueous (6 M KOH) and ionic liquid (1-butyl 3-methyl imidazoliumbistrifluorosulfonylimide) electrolytes, respectively. The high charge-storage ability of the porous carbon microfibers (PCMFs) can be ascribed to the coexistence of micro- and mesopores. The power characteristics and the cyclic stability of PCMF materials were appealing in both electrolytes. The synthesis process described is amenable for large-scale applications with less complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Ramesh
- Centre
for Fuel Cell Technology, International
Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), IIT-M Research Park, Phase 1, II
Floor, 6, Kanagam Road, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
- Department
of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, India
| | - N. Rajalakshmi
- Centre
for Fuel Cell Technology, International
Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), IIT-M Research Park, Phase 1, II
Floor, 6, Kanagam Road, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | - K. S. Dhathathreyan
- Centre
for Fuel Cell Technology, International
Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), IIT-M Research Park, Phase 1, II
Floor, 6, Kanagam Road, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | - L. Ram Gopal Reddy
- Department
of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, India
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Wu Z, Zhu W, Zhang M, Lin Y, Xu N, Chen F, Wang D, Chen Z. Adsorption and Synergetic Fenton-like Degradation of Methylene Blue by a Novel Mesoporous α-Fe2O3/SiO2 at Neutral pH. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengying Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Chinese Education Ministry on Resource Chemistry, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Mengling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Dongtian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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