1
|
Khademi S, Masoumi AA, Sadeghi M, Riasi A, Moheb A. Modeling and optimization of laying hen manure drying process to reduce protein and ammonium-N losses by adding sodium bentonite and wheat straw. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119668. [PMID: 38056333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Laying hen manure (LHM) is a major source of pollution due to its high nitrogen (N) and moisture content (MC). Therefore, reducing the MC of LHM is necessary to retain its recyclable value and reduce environmental pollution. One effective way is by incorporating sodium bentonite (SB) and wheat straw (WS) as amendments in the LHM. This work aimed to optimize the drying conditions of LHM and investigate the effect of SB and WS utilization on the dehydration rate, reduction of crude protein (CP), and reduction of ammonium-N (N [Formula: see text] -N). The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize these processes. For this purpose, two sets of experiments (drying of LHM with and without SB and Ws) were designed. The independent parameters were air temperature (70, 80, and 90 °C), air velocity (1, 1.5, and 2 m s-1), layer thickness (5, 10, and 15 mm), SB (2%, 4%, and 6%), and WS (3%, 7.5%, and 12%). The results indicated that temperature and WS had the most significant influence on all responses. To maximize the dehydration rate and minimize the reduction of CP and N [Formula: see text] -N, the optimal conditions were a temperature of 78 °C, air velocity of 1 m s-1, and layer thickness of 5 mm in the first set of experiments, and a temperature of 80 °C, air velocity of 1.5 m s-1, layer thickness of 11 mm, 6% SB, and 12% WS in the second set of experiments. Under the optimum conditions, LHM treated with 6% SB and 12% WS retained 10% more CP and 58% more N [Formula: see text] -N than untreated LHM. Therefore, according to the obtained results, SB and WS are recommended as additives to reduce the CP and N [Formula: see text] -N losses of LHM during the drying process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Khademi
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Amin Allah Masoumi
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Morteza Sadeghi
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Ahmad Riasi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Ahmad Moheb
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang W, Yan Y, Li Y, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Yang L, Xu X, Wu F, Du B, Mao Z, Shan T. Nutritional Value, Volatile Components, Functional Metabolites, and Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities of Different Parts of Millettia speciosa Champ., a Medicinal and Edible Plant with Potential for Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3900. [PMID: 38005797 PMCID: PMC10674594 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Highly nutritious traditional plants which are rich in bioactive substances are attracting increasing attention. In this study, the nutritional value, chemical composition, biological activities, and feed indices of different parts of Millettia speciosa were comprehensively evaluated. In terms of its nutritional value, this study demonstrated that the leaves, flowers and seeds of M. speciosa were rich in elements and amino acids; the biological values (BVs) of these ingredients ranged from 85% to 100%, showing the extremely high nutritional value of this plant. GC-MS analysis suggested that the main chemical components of the flower volatile oil were n-hexadecanoic acid (21.73%), tetracosane (19.96%), and pentacosane (5.86%). The antibacterial activities of the flower and seed extracts were significantly stronger than those of the leaves and branches. The leaf extract displayed the strongest antifungal activities (EC50 values: 18.28 ± 0.54 μg/mL for Pseudocryphonectria elaeocarpicola and 568.21 ± 33.60 μg/mL for Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) and were the least toxic to mouse fibroblasts (L929) (IC50 value: 0.71 ± 0.04 mg/mL), while flowers were the most toxic (IC50 value: 0.27 ± 0.03 mg/mL). In addition, the abundance of fiber, protein, mineral elements, and functional metabolite contents indicated the potential applicability of M. speciosa as an animal feed. In conclusion, as a traditional herbal plant used for medicinal and food purposes, M. speciosa shows potential for safe and multifunctional development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.W.)
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Yigang Yan
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Yitong Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Yinyin Huang
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Y.H.); (L.Y.)
| | - Yirong Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Lan Yang
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Y.H.); (L.Y.)
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center of SCAU, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Fengqi Wu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Ziling Mao
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Tijiang Shan
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Yang Z, Zhu C, Zhang B, Li H. The Eco-Agricultural Industrial Chain: The Meaning, Content and Practices. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3281. [PMID: 36833976 PMCID: PMC9960055 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. Resource-saving and environmentally friendly industrial structures, production, and living modes are pursued continuously for sustainable ecological development. According to the Second National Pollution-Source Survey, agricultural non-point pollution is still the most important source of the current water pollution. In order to improve the water environment and control the pollution, the meaning and content of the eco-agricultural industrial chain was introduced. Based on this conception, the eco-agricultural industrial chain, integrating a whole circular system with different sessions of crop farming, animal breeding, agricultural product processing, and rural living, was innovatively put forward to control the agricultural non-point pollution and protect the water environment systematically for the first time in this paper. The sustainable development was realized at a large scale from the reduction and harmlessness at the source, resource utilization in the process, and ecological restoration in the end. Core techniques were innovated based on the integration of agricultural industries to achieve the high-quality and green development of agriculture. The system included ecological breeding technologies, ecological cultivation technologies, as well as rural sewage treatment and recycling technologies, in the principle of reduce, reuse, and resource. Based on this, the agricultural production changed from the traditional mode of "resources-products-wastes" to the circulation pattern of "resources-products-renewable resources-products". Thus, the final aim could be achieved to realize the material's multilevel use and energy conversion in the system. The eco-agricultural industrial chain technology was proven to be efficient to achieve both the good control of agricultural non-point pollution and an effective improvement in the water quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Changxiong Zhu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Baogang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongna Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Han T, Wang T, Wang Z, Xiao T, Wang M, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Liu D. Evaluation of gaseous and solid waste in fermentation bedding system and its impact on animal performance: A study of breeder ducks in winter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155672. [PMID: 35513139 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to further optimize the application of fermentation bedding system and evaluate its improvements on low temperature, low humidity and other adverse environments of animal breeding in winter, we tested the waste discharge and performance of 12,921 breeder ducks from November to January. The fresh bedding materials and fermentation microbes showed significant advantages. They increased the temperature and temperature humidity index (THI) by more than 3.48 °C and 5.54, reduced the emissions of H2S, NH3, CO2, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), coarse particulate matter (PM10) and total suspended particulate (TSP) by more than 29.92%, 47.21%, 13.69%, 25.90%, 23.43% and 25.94% respectively, compared to control. The stale bedding materials increased the mortality rate and breeding egg loss rate of breeder ducks by 0.17% and 4.22% significantly, reduced the healthy duckling rate and total effective hatching rate by 2.41% and 4.22%, compared to control, had limited effects on the improvement of house environments. PM2.5, TSP, CO2, H2S and NH3 were important environmental parameters affecting the productive and reproductive performance of ducks. These data can provide an insight that the fermentation bed system could reduce the waste emission of breeder ducks, improve their production and increase the health rate of their offspring. Its application in livestock farming would create a better breeding environment and economic benefits. In addition, the stale bedding materials were not recommended to recycle in fermentation bed system for cleaner production and sustainable development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Han
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Tong Xiao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Min Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China.
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Chifeng Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Chifeng 024031, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shanxi Animal Husbandry and Veterinary School, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Dengyong Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China.
| |
Collapse
|