1
|
Garmestani A, Allen CR, Angeler DG, Gunderson L, Ruhl JB. Multi-scale adaptive management of social-ecological systems. Bioscience 2023; 73:800-807. [PMID: 38516522 PMCID: PMC10953803 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptive management is a powerful approach to management of social-ecological systems in circumstances with high uncertainty and high controllability. Cross-scale interactions increase uncertainty while managing. When undertaking adaptive management, although largely overlooked, it is important to account for spatial and temporal scales to mediate within- and cross-scale effects of management actions. This is particularly true when managing for multiple social and ecological goals. The iterative nature of an adaptive approach has the capacity to accommodate tradeoffs among different stakeholder priorities and multiple ecosystem attributes within and across scales. In this paper, we introduce multi-scale adaptive management of social-ecological systems and demonstrate the importance of this approach with case studies of the Great Plains of North America and the Platte River Basin in the United States. Adaptive management combined with a focus on scale and cross-scale interactions using the panarchy model of social-ecological systems can help to improve management outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahjond Garmestani
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL, USA
- Utrecht Centre for Water, Oceans and Sustainability Law, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Resilience in Agricultural Working Landscapes, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Craig R Allen
- Center for Resilience in Agricultural Working Landscapes, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - David G Angeler
- Center for Resilience in Agricultural Working Landscapes, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden
- The PRODEO Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lance Gunderson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J B Ruhl
- Vanderbilt Law School, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dasgupta P, Shakya B. Ecosystem services as systemic enablers for transformation in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: an analytical synthesis. REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE 2023; 23:39. [PMID: 36789004 PMCID: PMC9912225 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-022-02022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Centre-staging ecosystem services within development paradigms can improve understanding on the flow of benefits from nature to human societies across time, scale and geographies, and trigger well-being-oriented societal and policy responses in the Hindu Kush Himalaya region. This region is amongst the world's most biodiverse, has high-value nature-society interactions, supports one-fourth of humanity and faces several developmental challenges. An assessment of the existing evidence establishes that substantial benefits and values can be gained by nurturing the relationship between ecosystems and socio-economic systems. Mainstreaming ecosystem services in the development agenda helps address poverty and intersectionality, preserves culture and heritage, and enables holistic transformation in the region. The Nature Futures Framework of the IPBES is used to develop and apply an analytical framework for the region, in which ecosystem service-oriented action pathways are considered to be relevant and feasible for attaining sustainability. Three pathways, labelled as Prevention, Restoration and Development innovation, incorporate strategies and actions that mainstream ecosystem services and uphold the multiple values placed on nature by society. Illustrations are used to demonstrate the significant potential for policy action in creating positive impacts on both nature and society with the adoption of a Nature Futures framing for the region. The region has the potential to demonstrate the operationalisation of an integrated framework for nurturing nature-people relationships, in the pursuit of transformative change as envisioned under the sustainable development agenda. Ecosystem services can enable such transformative change, acting as triggers for action that mainstream nature into developmental decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bandana Shakya
- Ecosystem Services Theme Lead, International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Khumaltar, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dudney J, D'Antonio C, Hobbs RJ, Shackelford N, Standish RJ, Suding KN. Capacity for change: Three core attributes of adaptive capacity that bolster restoration efficacy. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Dudney
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California, Davis Davis California USA
- Environmental Studies Program University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Carla D'Antonio
- Environmental Studies Program University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Richard J. Hobbs
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | | | | | - Katharine N. Suding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado at Boulder USA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghosh A, Sen A, Dutta K, Ghosh P. Falling "fortresses": Unlocking Governance Entanglements and Shifting Knowledge Paradigms to Counter Climate Change Threats in Biodiversity Conservation. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 69:305-322. [PMID: 34860280 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-021-01552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity conservation is facing unprecedented challenges at the intersection of rapidly changing climates, widespread ecosystem degradation under the influence of global warming and resultant human tragedies over livelihood, habitation, adaptation and coping needs. These challenges are more acute across biodiversity hotspots in the Global South. This study disentangles the complex interplay to propose alternative paradigms of governance and policy thinking necessary for sustainable biodiversity conservation. Climate change impacts are exposing critical deficiencies of 'scientific forest management' pursued for over a century. For example, recurrent disasters and ecological shifts are increasingly obfuscating cognitive and physical boundaries between the reserve forest and human habitations; putting additional stress on livelihoods which in turn escalate pressures on the forest commons and fuel further conflicts between conservation governance and local communities. Instead of assisting in adaptation, the existing conservation governance mechanisms are producing further conflicts between humans and non-humans; livelihoods and conservation; disaster management and development. Conducted in the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve -world's largest mangrove forest ecosystem and a climate change hotspot located along the Bay of Bengal across India and Bangladesh -the study finds an urgent need of rethinking and recalibrating biodiversity conservation in the times of climate change. However, institutional and market-based approaches such as promoting ecotourism or mangrove plantations may have little impact in this regard, the study finds. Instead, integrating cultural ecosystem services and co-producing knowledge will be critical to tackle the entanglements of climate change and its impacts on local lives, livelihoods and biodiversity conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Ghosh
- Jindal School of Art and Architecture, Jindal Global University, Haryana, India.
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Amrita Sen
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
- Azim Premji University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kaberi Dutta
- South Asia Institute, Department of Anthropology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Priyanka Ghosh
- VIT-AP School of Social Sciences and Humanities (VISH), VIT-AP University, Amravati, Vijayawada, India, Andhra Pradesh
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dunning K. Biodiversity conservation policy in megadiverse countries: Comparing policy systems for 2020 targets to inform management in the coming decades. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:113815. [PMID: 34715615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The year 2020 marks a crucial deadline for signatories to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the most important global agreement for biodiversity conservation, which requires nations to meet conservation targets. Managers and decision-makers need a better understanding of the policy systems established to meet conservation targets in order to inform post-2020 CBD policy implementation. This paper compares two policy systems for implementing marine protected areas (MPAs) which protect a threatened source of biodiversity, coral reefs. Comparing a centralized policy system, with power emanating from ministries (Malaysia), with a decentralized policy system, with power concentrated in subnational government (Indonesia), provides insights. Policy process literature is used to build on the already substantial interdisciplinary literature on MPAs, drawing novel insights into policy-makers and how they determine policy problems, shape policy options, and are influenced by political events. Findings are that the tropics-wide coral bleaching event in 2015-2016 fundamentally changed the way managers perceived the problems that biodiversity conservation policy solves. Managers are beginning to prioritize policy responses to climate stressors with the same urgency as historically important stressors like overfishing, implementing responses at starkly different power centers within policy systems. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), subnational governments, and the private sector are implementing innovative policy responses in the decentralized system, while the same actors in the centralized system face constraints because of its rigid policy framework. Understanding where starkly different power centers, and related dynamism, fall within policy systems allows for more effective reforms and investments for the next iteration of the CBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Dunning
- Auburn University School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, 602 Duncan Dr, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Clifford KR, Cravens AE, Knapp CN. Responding to Ecological Transformation: Mental Models, External Constraints, and Manager Decision-Making. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Ecological transformation creates many challenges for public natural resource management and requires managers to grapple with new relationships to change and new ways to manage it. In the context of unfamiliar trajectories of ecological change, a manager can resist, accept, or direct change, choices that make up the resist-accept-direct (RAD) framework. In this article, we provide a conceptual framework for how to think about this new decision space that managers must navigate. We identify internal factors (mental models) and external factors (social feasibility, institutional context, and scientific uncertainty) that shape management decisions. We then apply this conceptual framework to the RAD strategies (resist, accept, direct) to illuminate how internal and external factors shape those decisions. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of how this conceptual framework shapes our understanding of management decisions, especially how these decisions are not just ecological but also social, and the implications for research and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Clifford
- Postdoctoral social science research fellow, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Amanda E Cravens
- US Geological Survey's Social and Economic Analysis Branch, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Crausbay SD, Sofaer HR, Cravens AE, Chaffin BC, Clifford KR, Gross JE, Knapp CN, Lawrence DJ, Magness DR, Miller-Rushing AJ, Schuurman GW, Stevens-Rumann CS. A Science Agenda to Inform Natural Resource Management Decisions in an Era of Ecological Transformation. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Earth is experiencing widespread ecological transformation in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems that is attributable to directional environmental changes, especially intensifying climate change. To better steward ecosystems facing unprecedented and lasting change, a new management paradigm is forming, supported by a decision-oriented framework that presents three distinct management choices: resist, accept, or direct the ecological trajectory. To make these choices strategically, managers seek to understand the nature of the transformation that could occur if change is accepted while identifying opportunities to intervene to resist or direct change. In this article, we seek to inspire a research agenda for transformation science that is focused on ecological and social science and based on five central questions that align with the resist–accept–direct (RAD) framework. Development of transformation science is needed to apply the RAD framework and support natural resource management and conservation on our rapidly changing planet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelley D Crausbay
- Conservation Science Partners, Fort Collins, Colorado, and is a consortium partner for the US Geological Survey's North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Helen R Sofaer
- US Geological Survey Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawai'i, United States
| | - Amanda E Cravens
- US Geological Survey's Social and Economic Analysis Branch, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | | | - Katherine R Clifford
- US Geological Survey's Social and Economic Analysis Branch, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - John E Gross
- US National Park Service Climate Change Response Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | | | - David J Lawrence
- US National Park Service Climate Change Response Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Dawn R Magness
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, Alaska, United States
| | | | - Gregor W Schuurman
- US National Park Service Climate Change Response Program, in Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Camille S Stevens-Rumann
- Forest and Rangeland Stewardship Department and assistant director of the Colorado Forest Restoration Institute, at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mumaw LM, Raymond CM. A framework for catalysing the rapid scaling of urban biodiversity stewardship programs. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 292:112745. [PMID: 33991825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite growing interest in promoting urban biodiversity conservation, there are few concrete examples of how nature stewardship initiatives can be rapidly scaled, in number and across landscapes. This paper explores the factors that promote or inhibit the proliferation and impact of collaborations between citizens and their local governments that involve residents in municipal biodiversity conservation efforts in their gardens (wildlife gardening). We studied the Gardens for Wildlife Victoria network in Australia, which supports citizen-agency co-development of municipal wildlife gardening programs. In three years the network has expanded from one program to 39 initiatives in various developmental stages in 49% of the local government areas in the state of Victoria. Data are drawn from 21 semi-structured interviews of network participants running or developing programs in 12 municipalities, complemented by a survey of 33 network participants, and participants' evaluation of network workshops. We find that scaling occurs in four different domains of policy, values, locales and participants. Scaling is influenced by six interlinked factors: empowerment of actors; a civil-agency co-design and delivery model; conservation framing; links to and between landscapes and communities; resources - particularly time; and the network's role in promoting innovation and shared learning. Key barriers include short-term, top-down, and monetary agency foci; conservation framed as the principal domain of specialists and professionals; and prioritisation of listed species rather than local species more broadly. We present a framework for considering scaling of biodiversity stewardship and related factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Mumaw
- Centre for Urban Research, School of Global, Urban and Social Studies, RMIT University, Australia.
| | - Christopher M Raymond
- Helsinki Institute for Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Finland; Ecosystems and Environment Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Economics and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Teixeira CP, Fernandes CO, Ahern J, Honrado JP, Farinha-Marques P. Urban ecological novelty assessment: Implications for urban green infrastructure planning and management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145121. [PMID: 33592466 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Urban areas are continuously subjected to anthropogenic transformations that result in the emergence of novel urban ecosystems. To prepare for and respond to contemporary negative environmental impacts (e.g., climate change, land-use change, biological invasions), it is increasingly urgent to plan and adapt cities' green infrastructure. Accordingly, the inclusion of the novel ecosystems concept in urban planning and management is pertinent and necessary. Nevertheless, identification or measurement of ecological novelty has been challenging and can be problematic without the appropriate methods. The objectives of this study are to 1) develop and test a methodology to assess novelty in urban ecosystems grounded on the combination of both human and biotic dimensions of the novel ecosystems concept, and 2) discuss the implications that urban ecological novelty assessment can have for future urban green infrastructure planning and management. In contrast to other proposed methods, this assessment considers the human dimension of the concept as equally important as the biotic dimension, once the human presence is pervasive and a fundamental component of urban landscapes. The proposed working methodology was tested in Porto, Portugal, in study sites with contrasting human-induced transformation pathways and plant species assemblages, thus theoretically representing different degrees of urban ecological novelty. The methodology developed in this work is straightforward and can be adjusted and replicated to other cities according to available data and tools. Above all, the assessment of urban ecological novelty can inform future urban planning and management and assist in investigating novel urban ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Patoilo Teixeira
- InBIO - Rede de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, CIBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Geociências, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Território, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes
- InBIO - Rede de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, CIBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Geociências, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Território, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Jack Ahern
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-2901, USA.
| | - João Pradinho Honrado
- InBIO - Rede de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, CIBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Farinha-Marques
- InBIO - Rede de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, CIBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Geociências, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Território, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pandolfi JM, Staples TL, Kiessling W. Increased extinction in the emergence of novel ecological communities. Science 2020; 370:220-222. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abb3996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Pandolfi
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy L. Staples
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Kiessling
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Smith J, Hallett R, Groffman PM. The state factor model and urban forest restoration. JOURNAL OF URBAN ECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jue/juaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A ‘state factor’ model of ecosystems can serve as a conceptual framework for researching and managing urban ecosystems. This approach provides alternative goals and narratives to those derived from historically grounded dichotomies between nature and culture, which can reify constructions of human influence as inherently destructive. The integration of human behaviour and state factors is critical to the application of a state factor model to urban ecosystems. We emphasize the role of culture in co-producing urban ecosystems and the importance of feedbacks between urban ecosystems and state factors. We advocate for ecosystem models that encourage local agency and actions that enhance the capacity of cities to constructively adapt to environmental change. We contrast this approach to efforts intended to minimize human impacts on ecosystems. The usefulness of the state factor model for informing such efforts is assessed through a consideration of the norms and practices of urban forest restoration in New York City. Despite the limitations and challenges of applying a state factor model to urban ecosystems, it can inform comparative research within and between cities and offers an intuitive framework for understanding the ecological conditions created in cities by human behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Smith
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York (CUNY), 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA
- New York Restoration Project, 254 West 31st Street, 10th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA
| | - Richard Hallett
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, New York City Urban Field Station, 431 Walter Reed Road, Bayside, NY 11359, USA
| | - Peter M Groffman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York (CUNY), 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA
- City University of New York, Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, Environmental Science Initiative, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, 2801 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Catterall CP. Values of weedy regrowth for rainforest restoration. ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT & RESTORATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/emr.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
13
|
Remm L, Lõhmus A, Leibak E, Kohv M, Salm JO, Lõhmus P, Rosenvald R, Runnel K, Vellak K, Rannap R. Restoration dilemmas between future ecosystem and current species values: The concept and a practical approach in Estonian mires. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 250:109439. [PMID: 31499461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem restoration is gaining political and economic support worldwide, but its exact targets and costs often remain unclear. A key issue, both for predicting restoration success and assessing the costs, is the uncertainty of post-restoration development of the ecosystem. A specific combination of uncertainties emerges when ecosystem restoration would negatively affect pre-restoration species conservation values. Such dilemma appears to be common, but largely ignored in restoration planning; for example, in historically degraded forests, wetlands and grasslands that provide novel habitats for some threatened species. We present a framework of linked options for resolving the dilemma, and exemplify its application in extensive mire restoration in Estonia. The broad options include: redistributing the risks by timing; relocating restoration sites; modifying restoration techniques; and managing for future habitats of the species involved. In Estonia, we assessed these options based on spatially explicit mapping of expected future states of the ecosystem, their uncertainty, and the distribution of species at risk. Such planning documentation, combined with follow-up monitoring and experimentation, can be used for adaptive management, by funding organizations and for academic research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liina Remm
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, EE-51005, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Asko Lõhmus
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, EE-51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eerik Leibak
- Estonian Fund for Nature, Lai 29, EE-51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marko Kohv
- Department of Geology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, EE-50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jüri-Ott Salm
- Estonian Fund for Nature, Lai 29, EE-51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Piret Lõhmus
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, EE-51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Raul Rosenvald
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, EE-51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadri Runnel
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, EE-51005, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kai Vellak
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, EE-51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Riinu Rannap
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, EE-51005, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Peltzer DA, Bellingham PJ, Dickie IA, Houliston G, Hulme PE, Lyver PO, McGlone M, Richardson SJ, Wood J. Scale and complexity implications of making New Zealand predator-free by 2050. J R Soc N Z 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2019.1653940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian A. Dickie
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Philip E. Hulme
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Enabling Political Legitimacy and Conceptual Integration for Climate Change Adaptation Research within an Agricultural Bureaucracy: a Systemic Inquiry. SYSTEMIC PRACTICE AND ACTION RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11213-018-9474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|