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Reverse Osmosis Modeling Study of Lead and Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water in Tarija and La Paz, Bolivia. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10091889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An investigation of primary water sources in two Bolivian basins identified the presence of heavy metals toxic to health that exceeded the permissible limits for drinking water. Lead deposited in the San Jacinto and Huacata–Tarija reservoirs within the Guadalquivir basin and arsenic in the Milluni–La Paz basin were identified. The work studies reverse osmosis (RO) to remove Pb and As. The main contribution of this research is the development and construction of a mathematical model based on the Spiegler–Kedem concentration polarization model using different concentrations of Pb and As. The model makes it possible to design high conversion facilities (>80%) and optimize the process from the point of view of energy efficiency in future works. The model was developed to also include an Arrhenius temperature adjustment factor that allows for an accurate prediction of the process performance. The experimentation was carried out in two RO pilot plants using polyamide membranes. The model fits correctly with a maximum relative error between the experimental and theoretical flows of 5.4% and 4.4%. Among the benefits of the study, it guarantees the rejection of metals greater than 99%, even at low pressures.
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Shoorangiz L, Karimi-Jashni A, Azadi F, Zerafat MM. Water treatment by forward osmosis using novel D-Xylose coated magnetic nanoparticles as draw agent. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:3309-3318. [PMID: 33882775 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1921049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, D-Xylose coated MNPs were synthesized and used as draw agent in forward osmosis (FO) process for water purification. Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized for the design and optimization of synthesis parameters. In order to characterize the synthesized MNPs, FTIR, TEM, VSM, and UV characterization techniques were performed. The effect of independent parameters including D-Xylose mass, MNPs mass, and synthesis time on the osmotic pressure was investigated. Based on the optimization results, the osmotic pressure of a 2 wt./v% draw solution using 2.66 g D-Xylose, 0.13 g MNPs, and a 7.11 h synthesis time was 0.81 bar as the highest value. Using D-Xylose coated MNPs as draw agent and deionized water as the feed, the initial FO water flux was 2.98 LMH. Reusing the recovered MNP draw agent in two more consecutive tests resulted in the reduction of water flux to 2.68 and 2.30 LMH, respectively. Moreover, using 0.01 M NaCl solution as the feed, the initial water flux was reported as 1.3 LMH. To remove the draw agents from suspension, external magnetic field was applied to obtain a water turbidity of 0.08 NTU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Shoorangiz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ayoub Karimi-Jashni
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azadi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Zerafat
- Faculty of Advanced Technologies, Nano-chemical Engineering Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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ANZUM R, ALAWAMLEH HSK, BOKOV DO, JALIL AT, HOI HT, ABDELBASSET WK, THOI NT, WIDJAJA G, KUROCHKIN A. A review on separation and detection of copper, cadmium, and chromium in food based on cloud point extraction technology. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.80721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabeya ANZUM
- International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | | | - Dmitry Olegovich BOKOV
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian Federation; Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Russian Federation
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Simultaneous hexavalent chromium removal, water reclamation and electricity generation in osmotic bio-electrochemical system. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Saavedra A, Valdés H, Mahn A, Acosta O. Comparative Analysis of Conventional and Emerging Technologies for Seawater Desalination: Northern Chile as A Case Study. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11030180. [PMID: 33807870 PMCID: PMC7999931 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11030180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study different desalination technologies as alternatives to conventional reverse osmosis (RO) through a systematic literature review. An expert panel evaluated thermal and membrane processes considering their possible implementation at a pilot plant scale (100 m3/d of purified water) starting from seawater at 20 °C with an average salinity of 34,000 ppm. The desalination plant would be located in the Atacama Region (Chile), where the high solar radiation level justifies an off-grid installation using photovoltaic panels. We classified the collected information about conventional and emerging technologies for seawater desalination, and then an expert panel evaluated these technologies considering five categories: (1) technical characteristics, (2) scale-up potential, (3) temperature effect, (4) electrical supply options, and (5) economic viability. Further, the potential inclusion of graphene oxide and aquaporin-based biomimetic membranes in the desalinization processes was analyzed. The comparative analysis lets us conclude that nanomembranes represent a technically and economically competitive alternative versus RO membranes. Therefore, a profitable desalination process should consider nanomembranes, use of an energy recovery system, and mixed energy supply (non-conventional renewable energy + electrical network). This document presents an up-to-date overview of the impact of emerging technologies on desalinated quality water, process costs, productivity, renewable energy use, and separation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Saavedra
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central 9160000, Chile; (A.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Hugo Valdés
- Centro de Innovación en Ingeniería Aplicada (CIIA), Departamento de Computación e Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Católica del Maule (UCM), Av. San Miguel 3605, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-71203-438
| | - Andrea Mahn
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central 9160000, Chile; (A.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Orlando Acosta
- Gestionare Consultores, Carlos Antunez 2025 of. 608, Providencia 7500000, Chile;
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Le HQ, Nguyen TXQ, Chen SS, Duong CC, Cao TND, Chang HM, Ray SS, Nguyen NC. Application of progressive freezing on forward osmosis draw solute recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:34664-34674. [PMID: 31401797 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06079-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Progressive freezing is a solvent purification technology with low energy requirements and high concentration efficiency. Although these advantages make it a promising technology, the technique has never been explored for draw solution recovery for forward osmosis (FO). Hence, in this study, the progressive freezing process was used to concentrate three common diluted draw solutions: NaCl, MgCl2, and EDTA-2Na with different ice front speeds, stirring rates, and initial draw solution concentrations. Effective partition and intrinsic partition constants were also evaluated. The results reveal that the freezing process can achieve a draw solution recovery rate of 99.73%, 99.06%, and 98.65% with NaCl, MgCl2, and EDTA-2Na, respectively, using an ice front speed of 0.5 cm/h, a stirring rate of 2.62 m/s, and 30% of percentage of ice phase. Higher concentration efficiency for NaCl and MgCl2 was achieved due to the high solubility of NaCl and MgCl2 increased solute diffusion into the liquid phase solutions. The concentration factors for all three draw solutions exceeded 1.9, indicating that the draw solutes could be reused for the FO process. In addition, the two mass transfer coefficients depended on the ice front speed and the stirring rates were also obtained for scaling up the experiment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Quang Le
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Dalat University, 01 Phu Dong Thien Vuong Street, Da Lat City, 66000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Xuan Quynh Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Shing Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Chinh Cong Duong
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
- Southern Institute of Water Resources Research, 658 Vo Van Kiet Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Ngoc-Dan Cao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
- Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hau-Ming Chang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | - Saikat Sinha Ray
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | - Nguyen Cong Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Dalat University, 01 Phu Dong Thien Vuong Street, Da Lat City, 66000, Vietnam
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Nguyen NC, Duong HC, Nguyen HT, Chen SS, Le HQ, Ngo HH, Guo W, Duong CC, Le NC, Bui XT. Forward osmosis–membrane distillation hybrid system for desalination using mixed trivalent draw solution. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Liyanaarachchi S, Jegatheesan V, Shu L, Shon HK, Muthukumaran S, Li CQ. Evaluating the Feasibility of Forward Osmosis in Diluting RO Concentrate Using Pretreatment Backwash Water. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E35. [PMID: 32106511 PMCID: PMC7143727 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) is an excellent membrane process to dilute seawater (SW) reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate for either to increase the water recovery or for safe disposal. However, the low fluxes through FO membranes as well the biofouling/scaling of FO membranes are bottlenecks of this process requiring larger membrane area and membranes with anti-fouling properties. This study evaluates the performance of hollow fibre and flat sheet membranes with respect to flux and biofouling. Ferric hydroxide sludge was used as impaired water mimicking the backwash water of a filter that is generally employed as pretreatment in a SWRO plant and RO concentrate was used as draw solution for the studies. Synthetic salts are also used as draw solutions to compare the flux produced. The study found that cellulose triacetate (CTA) flat sheet FO membrane produced higher flux (3-6 L m-2 h-1) compared to that produced by polyamide (PA) hollow fibre FO membrane (less than 2.5 L m-2 h-1) under the same experimental conditions. Therefore, long-term studies conducted on the flat sheet FO membranes showed that fouling due to ferric hydroxide sludge did not allow the water flux to increase more than 3.15 L m-2 h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanthi Liyanaarachchi
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.L.); (L.S.); (C.Q.L.)
| | - Veeriah Jegatheesan
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.L.); (L.S.); (C.Q.L.)
| | - Li Shu
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.L.); (L.S.); (C.Q.L.)
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2581, Australia;
| | - Shobha Muthukumaran
- College of Engineering & Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
| | - Chun Qing Li
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.L.); (L.S.); (C.Q.L.)
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9
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Oh SH, Jeong S, Kim IS, Shon HK, Jang A. Removal behaviors and fouling mechanisms of charged antibiotics and nanoparticles on forward osmosis membrane. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 247:385-393. [PMID: 31254754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fouling and rejection mechanisms of both charged antibiotics (ABs) and nanoparticles (NPs) were determined using a negatively-charged polyamide thin film composite forward osmosis (FO) flat sheet membrane. Two types of ABs and NPs were selected as positively and negatively charged foulants at pH 8. The ABs did not cause significant membrane fouling, but the extent of fouling and rejection changed based on the electrostatic attraction or repulsion forces. The addition of opposite charged AB and NP resulted in a decline of the membrane flux by 11.0% but a 6.5% AB average rejection efficiency improvement. On the other hand, mixing of like-charged ABs and NPs generated repulsive forces that improved average rejection efficiency about 5.5% but made no changes in the membrane flux. In addition, NPs and ABs were mixed and tested at various concentrations and pH levels to rectify the behavior of ABs. The aggregate size and removal efficiency were observed to vary with the change in the electron double layer of the mixture. It can help to make the strategy to control the ABs in the FO process and consequently it enables the FO process to produce environmentally safe effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hun Oh
- Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Jeong
- Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - In S Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea; Global Desalination Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdanwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Am Jang
- Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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10
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A Mathematical Modeling of the Reverse Osmosis Concentration Process of a Glucose Solution. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7050271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A mathematical modeling of glucose–water separation through a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane was developed to research the membrane’s performance during the mass transfer process. The model was developed by coupling the concentration–polarization (CP) model, which uses one-dimensional flow assumption, with the irreversible thermodynamic Spiegler–Kedem model. A nonlinear parameter estimation technique was used to determine the model parameters Lp (hydraulic permeability constant), σ (reflection coefficient), and Bs (solute transport coefficient). Experimental data were obtained from the treatment of a pre-treated glucose solution using a laboratory-scale RO system, and studies on the validation of the model using experimental results are presented. The calculated results are consistent with the experimental data. The proposed model describes the RO membrane concentration process and deduces the expression of k (mass transfer coefficient in the CP layer). The verification shows that the expression of k well-describes the reverse osmosis mass transfer of a glucose solution.
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Abstract
In recent years, membrane technologies have been developed to address water shortage and energy crisis. Forward osmosis (FO), as an emerging membrane-based water treatment technology, employs an extremely concentrated draw solution (DS) to draw water pass through the semi-permeable membrane from a feed solution. DS as a critical material in FO process plays a key role in determining separation performance and energy cost. Most of existing DSs after FO still require a regeneration step making its return to initial state. Therefore, selecting suitable DS with low reverse solute, high flux, and easy regeneration is critical for improving FO energy efficiency. Numerous novel DSs with improved performance and lower regeneration cost have been developed. However, none reviews reported the categories of DS based on the energy used for recovery up to now, leading to the lack of enough awareness of energy consumption in DS regeneration. This review will give a comprehensive overview on the existing DSs based on the types of energy utilized for DS regeneration. DS categories based on different types of energy used for DS recovery, mainly including direct use based, chemical energy based, waste heat based, electric energy based, magnetic field energy based, and solar energy based are proposed. The respective benefits and detriments of the majority of DS are addressed respectively according to the current reported literatures. Finally, future directions of energy applied to DS recovery are also discussed.
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Ray SS, Chen SS, Chang HM, Dan Thanh CN, Quang Le H, Nguyen NC. Enhanced desalination using a three-layer OTMS based superhydrophobic membrane for a membrane distillation process. RSC Adv 2018; 8:9640-9650. [PMID: 35540818 PMCID: PMC9078671 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Superhydrophobic membranes are essential for enhanced desalination by utilizing MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Sinha Ray
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei-10608
- Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Shing Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei-10608
- Taiwan
| | - Hau-Ming Chang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei-10608
- Taiwan
| | - Cao Ngoc Dan Thanh
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei-10608
- Taiwan
| | - Huy Quang Le
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei-10608
- Taiwan
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