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Zribi I, Zili F, Ben Ali R, Masmoudi MA, Sayadi S, Ben Ouada H, Chamkha M. Trends in microalgal-based systems as a promising concept for emerging contaminants and mineral salt recovery from municipal wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023:116342. [PMID: 37290616 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the context of climate change leading to water scarcity for many people in the world, the treatment of municipal wastewater becomes a necessity. However, the reuse of this water requires secondary and tertiary treatment processes to reduce or eliminate a load of dissolved organic matter and various emerging contaminants. Microalgae have shown hitherto high potential applications of wastewater bioremediation thanks to their ecological plasticity and ability to remediate several pollutants and exhaust gases from industrial processes. However, this requires appropriate cultivation systems allowing their integration into wastewater treatment plants at appropriate insertion costs. This review aims to present different open and closed systems currently used in the treatment of municipal wastewater by microalgae. It provides an exhaustive approach to wastewater treatment systems using microalgae, integrating the most suitable used microalgae species and the main pollutants present in the treatment plants, with an emphasis on emerging contaminants. The remediation mechanisms as well as the capacity to sequester exhaust gases were also described. The review examines constraints and future perspectives of microalgae cultivation systems in this line of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Zribi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P 1177, Sfax, 3018, Tunisia.
| | - Fatma Zili
- Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts, National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rihab Ben Ali
- Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts, National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Masmoudi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P 1177, Sfax, 3018, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Biotechnology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Hatem Ben Ouada
- Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts, National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P 1177, Sfax, 3018, Tunisia.
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2
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Shayesteh H, Vadiveloo A, Bahri PA, Moheimani NR. Long term outdoor microalgal phycoremediation of anaerobically digested abattoir effluent. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116322. [PMID: 36261972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient and reliable long-term field data on the growth, productivity and nutrient removal rates of microalgal based wastewater treatment system is essential to validate its overall techno-economic feasibility. Here, we investigated the semi-continuous microalgal cultivation of Scenedesmus sp. in anaerobically digested abattoir effluent (ADAE) for 13 months in outdoor raceway ponds operated at 20 cm depth. This study was initiated with three different cultures consisting of 1) monocultures of Chlorella sp., 2) Scenedesmus sp., and 3) an equal mixed concentration of both microalgae species. However, after 15 weeks, Scenedesmus sp. was found to be the most dominant microalgae species in all the different cultures, even completely taking over the Chlorella sp. monoculture. Over the course of summer and early autumn, the average weekly biomass productivity of Scenedesmus sp. cultures was 12.5 ± 0.6 g m-2 d-1 which was 16% and 30% higher than productivities recorded in spring and winter, respectively. All available ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) was found to be exhausted during each growth period with an average 33.6% nitrogen assimilation rate. The average rate of phosphate and COD (chemical oxygen demand) removals were 85.2% and 37.5% throughout the cultivation period. No significant differences were found in carbohydrate, lipid and protein content of Scenedesmus sp. during different seasons of the year. Over 53% increase in biomass productivity can be achieved if CO2 is added to control culture pH at pH 6.5. Here, we successfully demonstrated reliability of continuous long-term cultivation of microalgae in ADAE for simultaneous wastewater treatment and algal biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Shayesteh
- Algae R&D Centre, Discipline of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Ashiwin Vadiveloo
- Algae R&D Centre, Discipline of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, WA, 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Parisa A Bahri
- Discipline of Engineering and Energy, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Navid R Moheimani
- Algae R&D Centre, Discipline of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, WA, 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
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Jebali A, Sanchez MR, Hanschen ER, Starkenburg SR, Corcoran AA. Trait drift in microalgae and applications for strain improvement. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108034. [PMID: 36089253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are increasingly used to generate a wide range of commercial products, and there is growing evidence that microalgae-based products can be produced sustainably. However, industrial production of microalgal biomass is not as developed as other biomanufacturing platform technologies. In addition, results of bench-scale research often fail to translate to large-scale or mass production systems. This disconnect may result from trait drift and evolution occurring, through time, in response to unique drivers in each environment, such as cultivation regimes, weather, and pests. Moreover, outdoor and indoor cultivation of microalgae has the potential to impose negative selection pressures, which makes the maintenance of desired traits a challenge. In this context, this review sheds the light on our current understanding of trait drift and evolution in microalgae. We delineate the basics of phenotype plasticity and evolution, with a focus on how microalgae respond under various conditions. In addition, we review techniques that exploit phenotypic plasticity and evolution for strain improvement in view of industrial commercial applications, highlighting associated advantages and shortcomings. Finally, we suggest future research directions and recommendations to overcome unwanted trait drift and evolution in microalgae cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Jebali
- New Mexico Consortium, 4200 W. Jemez Road, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA.
| | - Monica R Sanchez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Erik R Hanschen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | | | - Alina A Corcoran
- New Mexico Consortium, 4200 W. Jemez Road, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
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Zhou Q, Sun H, Jia L, Wu W, Wang J. Simultaneous biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plants by advanced treatment: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:134054. [PMID: 35202664 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the advancement of water ecological protection and water control standard, it is the general trend to upgrade the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus is the key to improve the water quality of secondary effluent of WWTPs to prevent the eutrophication. Therefore, it is urgent to develop the applicable technologies for simultaneous biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from secondary effluent. In this review, the composition of secondary effluent from municipal WWTPs were briefly introduced firstly, then the three main treatment processes for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal, i.e., the enhanced denitrifying phosphorus removal filter, the pyrite-based autotrophic denitrification and the microalgae biological treatment system were summarized, their performances and mechanisms were analyzed. The influencing factors and microbial community structure were discussed. The advanced removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by different technologies were also compared and summarized in terms of performance, operational characteristics, disadvantage and cost. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus technologies for secondary effluent were proposed. This review will deepen to understand the principles and applications of the advanced removal of nitrogen and phosphorus and provide some valuable information for upgrading the treatment process of WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
| | - Haimeng Sun
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
| | - Lixia Jia
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
| | - Weizhong Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
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Karray R, Elloumi W, Ben Ali R, Loukil S, Chamkha M, Karray F, Sayadi S. A novel bioprocess combining anaerobic co-digestion followed by ultra-filtration and microalgae culture for optimal olive mill wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 303:114188. [PMID: 34875565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of olive mill wastewater (OMW) has received considerable research globally due to its influence on the technical, economic, and environmental sustainability of wastewater biogas production. This work presents a novel combined biological process for OMW treatment in terms to produce for the first time, treated OMW and a valuable microalgae biomass. The process involves anaerobic co-digestion (AD), a low cut-off membrane ultra-filtration (UF) and a subsequent Scenedesmus sp. culture. The AD of OMW was conducted at high initial COD ranging from 28 to 38 g/L using an up-flow anaerobic fixed bed bio-reactor (300 L). Results revealed that the maximum biogas production was about 0.507 L/g CODintroduced.day containing 73% of methane corresponding to a methane yield of 0.370 L/g CODintroduced.day obtained at an organic loading rate of 4.58 g COD/L.day. High removal levels of COD, total phenolic compounds, and total suspended solids in the anaerobic liquid digestate (ALD) were achieved after AD and UF. Scenedesmus sp. was then cultivated on the ultra-filtrated ALD. A maximum biomass productivity of 0.15 g/L.day was recorded when Scenedesmus sp. is grown on 25% of ultra-filtrated ALD with a maximum nitrogen removal rate of 15.18 mg/L.day and an almost total elimination of phosphorus and phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raida Karray
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.B "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Wièm Elloumi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.B "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rihab Ben Ali
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.B "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Loukil
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.B "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.B "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Karray
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.B "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Biotechnology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar.
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Goswami RK, Agrawal K, Verma P. Phycoremediation of nitrogen and phosphate from wastewater using Picochlorum sp.: A tenable approach. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 62:279-295. [PMID: 34312905 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The wastewater originates from different industrial, municipal, and agriculture processes and contains different nitrogen sources, for example, nitrate, ammonium, nitrite, and phosphate such as inorganic and organic sources. The discharge of high nitrate and phosphate to the ecosystem or nearby water bodies can cause eutrophication which disbalances the aquatic ecosystem. Furthermore, ingestion of these pollutants can cause severe toxicity and disease to humans and animals. Thus, from an environmental and social perspective, its treatment is essential with no negative impact on the ecosystem. Microalgae are fundamental, mixotrophic microorganisms that treat different wastewater and utilize nitrate and phosphate in the medium as a source of nutrients. Among them, Picochlorum sp., have the potential to remove nitrogen and phosphate from wastewater. The biomass produced by Picochlorum sp. can be a promising candidate as a sustainable feedstock for biofuel and bioproducts formation. Thus, the present review provides a brief knowledge and understanding about the concentration of nitrogen and phosphate in different wastewater, their negative impacts, and the uptake mechanism of microalgae. Furthermore, the review also provides an insight into Picochlorum sp., and the effects of different physiological and nutritional factors on their growth, wastewater treatment efficacy, and biomass for value-added products and biorefinery applications. In addition, the review is useful to understand the potential of Picochlorum sp. for a tenable wastewater treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul K Goswami
- Department of Microbiology, Bioprocess, and Bioenergy Laboratory, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Komal Agrawal
- Department of Microbiology, Bioprocess, and Bioenergy Laboratory, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Bioprocess, and Bioenergy Laboratory, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
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Moreno-Garcia L, Gariépy Y, Bourdeau N, Barnabé S, Raghavan GSV. Optimization of the proportions of four wastewaters in a blend for the cultivation of microalgae using a mixture design. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 283:168-173. [PMID: 30903823 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A 2nd degree mixture design was used to determine the optimal blend prepared from four wastewater streams to produce microalgae-based biomass. The streams consisted of a liquid digestate from an anaerobic digestion process, a landfill leachate, a septic-system sludge treatment plant liquid, and a wastewater treatment plant effluent. The mixture regression analysis indicated that blends with higher proportions of treated effluent and digestate improved cells growth, while the use of leachate was detrimental to the growth. The global solution of the mixture optimization predicted a maximum value of biomass productivity of 22.76 mg L-1 d-1, in a blend consisting of 19% treated effluent, 21% digestate, and 60% water. Proportions of leachate higher than 13.33% were detrimental to the growth. The concentration of ammonia-N in the blends ranged from 0.39 to 150 mg L-1 d-1, and its toxicity effect on the cells diminished with increasing amounts of organic carbon in the cultivation medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Moreno-Garcia
- Bioresource Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Chemin Lakeshore, Montréal, Québec H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Y Gariépy
- Bioresource Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Chemin Lakeshore, Montréal, Québec H9X3V9, Canada
| | - N Bourdeau
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Academy of Sciences and Engineering, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A5H7, Canada
| | - S Barnabé
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Academy of Sciences and Engineering, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A5H7, Canada
| | - G S V Raghavan
- Bioresource Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Chemin Lakeshore, Montréal, Québec H9X3V9, Canada
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Sun ZL, Sun LQ, Chen GZ. Microalgal Cultivation and Nutrient Removal from Digested Piggery Wastewater in a Thin-film Flat Plate Photobioreactor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:1488-1501. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Jebali A, Acién FG, Rodriguez Barradas E, Olguín EJ, Sayadi S, Molina Grima E. Pilot-scale outdoor production of Scenedesmus sp. in raceways using flue gases and centrate from anaerobic digestion as the sole culture medium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 262:1-8. [PMID: 29684784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the production of Scenedesmus sp. in semi-continuous mode in three pilot-scale outdoor raceways (7.2 m2) using flue gas for CO2 supply and centrate from the anaerobic digestion of urban wastewater as the sole nutrient source. Experiments were performed at different culture depths, 5, 10 and 15 cm, while evaluating two centrate concentrations (30% and 45%) at dilution rates of 0.2 and 0.3 d-1. Under optimal conditions of 30% centrate, 0.3 d-1 dilution rate and a 15 cm culture depth, a maximum biomass productivity of 22.9 g m-2 d-1 was obtained. The optical properties of the cultures were studied and the results showed a photosynthetic efficiency of up to 2.0% and a quantum yield of 0.3 g biomass E-1. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates of 3 g N m-2 d-1 and 0.6 g P m-2 d-1 were recorded, respectively. Lipid productivity of 2.3 g m-2 d-1 was determined possessing a suitable fatty acids profile for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Jebali
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Sfax Centre of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - F Gabriel Acién
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | | | - Eugenia J Olguín
- Institute of Ecology, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91070, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Sfax Centre of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Emilio Molina Grima
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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