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Shi Y, Li S, Li Y, Jiang L, Khan FU, Waiho K, Wang Y, Hu M. Saving the overlooked mangrove horseshoe crabs-A perspective from enhancing mangrove ecosystem conservation. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 193:106282. [PMID: 38042633 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite being widely distributed in Asia, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda is often overlooked and, its population status remains unclear. Moreover, it is threatened by illegal harvesting and degradation of mangrove ecosystems. Protecting its habitat is essential for population and biodiversity conservation, as mangroves provide nursery grounds and food supply for C. rotundicauda. This review discusses the biological characteristics of C. rotundicauda, including ecology, nutrition, life history, toxicology, and immunology. It also presents information about its distribution and population status. The review emphasizes the challenges faced by C. rotundicauda and proposes a conservation framework that involves the participation of local residents to facilitate conservation efforts. Collaboration between local residents and communities is proposed to protect and monitor the mangrove ecosystem. Additionally, this framework can support field research, protect C. rotundicauda juveniles and other species, and ensure the livelihood of local residents through participation in carbon trading markets and eco-industries such as eco-farming and eco-tourism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Shi
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Shuhui Li
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yaowu Li
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Lingfeng Jiang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Fahim Ullah Khan
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Khor Waiho
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area, Shanghai, China.
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Kwan KY, Fu Y, Zhong M, Kuang Y, Bai H, Zhang C, Zhen W, Xu P, Wang CC, Zhu J. Spatiotemporal Distribution of Asian Horseshoe Crab Eggs Are Highly Intermingled with Anthropogenic Structures in Northern Beibu Gulf, China. JOURNAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA : JOUC 2022; 21:531-540. [PMID: 35582547 PMCID: PMC9098372 DOI: 10.1007/s11802-022-5164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Identification, protection and restoration of spawning habitats are vital for protecting the depleted species. Asian horseshoe crabs are ecologically important macroinvertebrates in coastal and estuarine ecosystems. However, their spawning habitat studies were limited to several reports in tropical regions, possibly due to the lack of modified survey methods, particularly in habitats with a lower density of spawning adults, and/or intermingled with anthropogenic structures. In this study, the year-round egg distribution and spawning habitat baselines of Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda and Tachypleus tridentatus were determined in the northern Beibu Gulf, China. Our findings demonstrated that the peak spawning occurred in June-July and ceased in November-January when the average water temperature dropped below 20 °C. Egg aggregations were found < 10 cm beneath the sediment surface with regular tidal inundation, regardless of seasonal changes, in the vicinity of natural and artificial structures with elevated, mildly sloping substratum within the high tide zones. The nests were characterized by medium-sized sediment grains (0.5-0.9 mm), high temperatures (31-34°C), low water contents (0.8%-0.9%), and total organic carbon contents (0.5%-0.7%), which might maximize the hatching success. The identified nesting beaches were close to nursery habitats for juveniles, and tidal creeks were present as the possible corridor connecting these two important habitats through the dominant mangrove forests. The findings provide valuable insights in the scope of spawning behavior and nest-site selection of Asian horseshoe crabs under a mixture of natural and artificial structures, which could benefit future management efforts for the exploited spawning populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Yue Kwan
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Center, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011 China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Qinzhou, 535011 China
| | - Yijian Fu
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Center, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011 China
| | - Mufeng Zhong
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Center, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011 China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Qinzhou, 535011 China
| | - Yang Kuang
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Center, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011 China
| | - Haiwei Bai
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Center, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011 China
| | - Ce Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Center, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011 China
| | - Wenquan Zhen
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Center, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011 China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Qinzhou, 535011 China
| | - Peng Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Center, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011 China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Qinzhou, 535011 China
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Junhua Zhu
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Center, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011 China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Qinzhou, 535011 China
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John A, Shin PKS, Botton ML, Gauvry G, Cheung SG, Laurie K. Conservation of Asian horseshoe crabs on spotlight. BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 2020; 30:253-256. [PMID: 33191986 PMCID: PMC7651794 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-020-02078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akbar John
- Institute of Oceanography and Maritime Studies (INOCEM), International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
| | - Paul K. S. Shin
- Department of Chemistry (formerly Department of Biology and Chemistry), City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Mark L. Botton
- Department of Natural Sciences, Fordham University, New York, NY USA
| | - Glenn Gauvry
- Ecological Research & Development Group Inc. (ERDG), Dover, DE USA
| | - S. G. Cheung
- Department of Chemistry (formerly Department of Biology and Chemistry), City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Pati S, Chatterji A, Dash BP, Raveen Nelson B, Sarkar T, Shahimi S, Atan Edinur H, Binti Abd Manan TS, Jena P, Mohanta YK, Acharya D. Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Chitosan by γ-Irradiation from the Carapace of Horseshoe Crab. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2361. [PMID: 33076234 PMCID: PMC7602389 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural product extraction is ingenuity that permits the mass manufacturing of specific products in a cost-effective manner. With the aim of obtaining an alternative chitosan supply, the carapace of dead horseshoe crabs seemed feasible. This sparked an investigation of the structural changes and antioxidant capacity of horseshoe crab chitosan (HCH) by γ-irradiation using 60Co source. Chitosan was extracted from the horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas; Müller) carapace using heterogeneous chemical N-deacetylation of chitin, followed by the irradiation of HCH using 60Co at a dose-dependent rate of 10 kGy/hour. The average molecular weight was determined by the viscosimetric method. Regarding the chemical properties, the crystal-like structures obtained from γ-irradiated chitosan powders were determined using Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The change in chitosan structure was evident with dose-dependent rates between 10 and 20 kGy/hour. The antioxidant properties of horseshoe crab-derived chitosan were evaluated in vitro. The 20 kGy γ-irradiation applied to chitosan changed the structure and reduced the molecular weight, providing sufficient degradation for an increase in antioxidant activity. Our findings indicate that horseshoe crab chitosan can be employed for both scald-wound healing and long-term food preservation due to its buffer-like and radical ion scavenging ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Pati
- Horseshoe Crab Research Unit, Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore 756089, Odisha, India;
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Anil Chatterji
- Research Divisions, Association for Biodiversity Conservation and Research, Devine Colony, Balasore 756001, Odisha, India or (A.C.); (Y.K.M.)
- Aquamarina Research Foundation, Dona Paula, Panaji 403004, Goa, India
| | - Bisnu Prasad Dash
- Horseshoe Crab Research Unit, Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore 756089, Odisha, India;
- Centre of Excellence (CoE) for Bioresource Management and Energy Conservation Material Development, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore 756089, Odisha, India;
| | - Bryan Raveen Nelson
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
- Research Divisions, Association for Biodiversity Conservation and Research, Devine Colony, Balasore 756001, Odisha, India or (A.C.); (Y.K.M.)
| | - Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India;
- Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Govt. of West Bengal, Malda 732102, West Bengal, India
| | - Salwa Shahimi
- School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Hisham Atan Edinur
- Forensic Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Teh Sabariah Binti Abd Manan
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Paramananda Jena
- Centre of Excellence (CoE) for Bioresource Management and Energy Conservation Material Development, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore 756089, Odisha, India;
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Research Divisions, Association for Biodiversity Conservation and Research, Devine Colony, Balasore 756001, Odisha, India or (A.C.); (Y.K.M.)
| | - Diptikanta Acharya
- School of Biotechnology, GIET University, Gunupur 765022, Odisha, India;
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