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Yang ZY, Wang XJ, Cao Y, Dong QE, Tong JY, Mo MH. Vermicomposting of Pleurotus eryngii spent mushroom substrates and the possible mechanisms of vermicompost suppressing nematode disease caused by Meloidogyne incognita. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15111. [PMID: 37095925 PMCID: PMC10121783 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mushroom industry produces a large amount of spent mushroom substrate (SMS), which requires a large geographical footprint and causes pollution. Vermicomposting is a low-cost technology for its value in recycling of organic wastes and production of beneficial organic fertilizers. In this study, the changes of physicochemical properties was characterized during vermicomposting of Pleurotus eryngii SMS with cow dung (CD) as amendment. The efficiency and possible mechanisms of vermicompost suppressing disease induced by Meloidogyne incognita was also investigated. Six combinations with different ratios of SMS and cow dung (CD) was included in the vermicomposting using Eisenia fetida. Effect of vermicompost against disease induced by M. incognita on tobacco was conducted under greenhouse condition. And the possible mechanisms of vermicompost suppressing M. incognita was investigated by evaluated the species diversity of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) in soil, and the defense response enzymes in tobacco. The combination of 65% SMS +35% CD was more suitable for vermicomposting, in which the highest vermicompost production (57%) and earthworm biomass increment (268%) were achieved. Additionally, the reduction in pH, total organic carbon, carbon: nitrogen ratio, and the pronounced elevation in four overall nutrient status were also observed. Soil amended with vermicompost (100:1 w/w) showed 61% control efficiency against nematode disease caused by M. incognita on tobacco, which significantly higher than that of the normal compost (24%). Comparing to the normal compost, the potential mechanism of vermicompost suppressing M. incognita could be rely on promoting species diversity of NTF in soil and enhancing the activities of the defense response enzymes in tobacco plant. Our findings indicate that vermicomposting is a promising technology for recycling of P. eryngii SMS, and the resulting vermicompost as organic fertilizer can be sued for management of the diseases caused by root-knot nematodes. This study establish a sustainable avenue for P. eryngii SMS disposal and a practical manner for controlling pathogens.
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Yin J, Zhuang J, Zhang X, Xu C, Lv S. Ginseng of different ages is affected by the accumulation of heavy metals in ginseng soil. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269238. [PMID: 35696360 PMCID: PMC9191705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy-metal pollution has been established to affect ginseng quality. However, this effect is still unknown in ginseng of different ages, emphasizing the need to investigate the effects of heavy metals in soils on ginseng growth. Herein, we determined the content of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg, and As) in ginseng of different ages (2 to 6-year-old) and the corresponding soil samples. Then, the total ginsenosides content of ginseng and rate-limiting enzyme (HMGR, SQE, CYP450) activity in the synthesis of ginsenosides were assessed. Results from 200 differently-aged Chinese ginseng showed that increased ginsenoside content in 3 to 5-year-old ginseng was paralleled by increased heavy metal element content in ginseng and its soil. The activity of rate-limiting enzymes increased in the first four years of ginseng growth and then exhibited a steady or downward trend. Further analysis suggested that heavy metal elements in soils could directly affect ginsenoside content. Moreover, we found that Cu significantly affected the rate-limiting enzyme CYP450 activity. Further principal component analysis and correlation analysis found that heavy metals could obviously inhibit ginseng growth during the 5th and 6th years. Heavy metal content in soils has huge prospects for predicting ginsenoside, Cu and As content in ginseng. This study provided support for ginseng cultivation, quality research and quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juxin Yin
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianjian Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chaojian Xu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaowu Lv
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Liu C, Xia R, Tang M, Chen X, Zhong B, Liu X, Bian R, Yang L, Zheng J, Cheng K, Zhang X, Drosos M, Li L, Shan S, Joseph S, Pan G. Improved ginseng production under continuous cropping through soil health reinforcement and rhizosphere microbial manipulation with biochar: a field study of Panax ginseng from Northeast China. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac108. [PMID: 35836471 PMCID: PMC9273955 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The production of ginseng, an important Chinese medicine crop, has been increasingly challenged by soil degradation and pathogenic disease under continuous cropping in Northeast China. In a field experiment, an Alfisol garden continuously cropped with Chinese ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) was treated with soil amendment at 20 t ha-1 with maize (MB) and wood (WB) biochar, respectively, compared to conventional manure compost (MC). Two years after the amendment, the rooted topsoil and ginseng plants were sampled. The changes in soil fertility and health, particularly in the soil microbial community and root disease incidence, and in ginseng growth and quality were portrayed using soil physico-chemical assays, biochemical assays of extracellular enzyme activities and gene sequencing assays as well as ginsenoside assays. Topsoil fertility was improved by 23% and 39%, ginseng root biomass increased by 25% and 27%, and root quality improved by 6% and 18% with WB and MB, respectively, compared to MC. In the ginseng rhizosphere, fungal abundance increased by 96% and 384%, with a significant and insignificant increase in bacterial abundance, respectively, under WB and MB. Specifically, the abundance of Fusarium spp. was significantly reduced by 19-35%, while that of Burkholderia spp. increased by folds under biochar amendments over MC. Relevantly, there was a significant decrease in the abundance proportion of pathotrophic fungi but a great increase in that of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, along with an enhanced microbial community network complexity, especially fungal community complexity, under biochar amendments. Thus, biochar, particularly from maize residue, could promote ginseng quality production while enhancing soil health and ecological services, including carbon sequestration, in continuously cropped fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rong Xia
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Man Tang
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Zhong
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rongjun Bian
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 28888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118 China
| | - Jufeng Zheng
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kun Cheng
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Marios Drosos
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lianqing Li
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Stephen Joseph
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Genxing Pan
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
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Jin Q, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Li M, Sun H, Liu N, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Effects of potassium fulvic acid and potassium humate on microbial biodiversity in bulk soil and rhizosphere soil of Panax ginseng. Microbiol Res 2021; 254:126914. [PMID: 34749295 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Potassium fulvic acid (BSFA) and potassium humate (KHM), as organic fertilizers, can improve soil structure, increase soil nutrient levels and prevent plant diseases. However, knowledge is limited regarding how BSFA and KHM influence soil microbial communities and the interrelationships between community members associated with Panax ginseng. Soil pH and nutrient content increased significantly as a result of the addition of BSFA and KHM. The pH, NH4+-N, NO3--N, AP and AK increased by 1.72 %-5.55 %, 70.09 %-108.39 %, 35.38 %-216.20 %, 1.21 %-14.19 % and 3.40 %-5.94 %, respectively, in the BSFA and KHM treatments. The soil nutrient increase may be related to Micrococcaceae and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The structure of the microbial community also changed radically from that of the control group, and Chloroflexi (2.69 %-3.15 %), Actinobacteria (4.33 %-7.53 %) and Acidobacteria (9.44 %-11.62 %) were the dominant microorganisms at the phylum level in bacteria. In contrast, the dominant fungi at the phylum level were Ascomycota (77.39 %-78.08 %), Glomeromycota (0.36 %-2.68), Olpidiomycota (0.02 %-3.78 %) and Basidiomycota (0.80 %-1.17 %). Fusarium oxysporum and Ascomycota were biomarkers for BSFA and KHM, which may be related to pathogenic bacteria. Network analysis revealed that the association among members of the soil microbial community was more positive than negative following application of KHM, and more positive (62.5 %) than negative (37.5 %) correlations were observed between bacteria, whereas the fungal community exhibited more positive (97.3 %) than negative (2.7 %) correlations. PICRUST predicted the microbial function of adding KHM and BSFA to the soil, and these pathways mainly belong to the degradation and metabolism of organic matter, saprophytic organisms and plant pathogens. In summary, our study demonstrated that the addition of BSFA and KHM increased the nutrients in the ginseng soil and reshaped the microbial function in soils, providing a theoretical foundation for soil improvement and biological control of ginseng diseases. However, due to the limitations of greenhouse cultivation, additional long-term experiments on farmland with different climate changes are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Jin
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Yayu Zhang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Meijia Li
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Hai Sun
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Zhengbo Liu
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
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Ghadimi M, Sirousmehr A, Ansari MH, Ghanbari A. Organic soil amendments using vermicomposts under inoculation of N 2-fixing bacteria for sustainable rice production. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10833. [PMID: 34557340 PMCID: PMC8418801 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic and biological fertilizers are considered as a very important source of plant nutrients. A field experiment was conducted during 2017−2018 in paddy soil to investigate the effect of vermicomposting of cattle manure mixture with Azolla and rice straw on soil microbial activity, nutrient uptake, and grain yield under inoculation of N2-fixing bacteria. Experimental factors consisted of organic amendments at six levels (vermicomposts prepared from manure (VM); manure + rice straw (VRM); manure + Azolla mixture (VAM); manure + rice straw + Azolla mixture (VRAM); raw manure without vermicomposting (M), and a control) and N2-fixing bacteria at three levels (Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilence, and non−inoculation). The results showed that, vermicompost treatments compared to control and raw manure significantly increased the number and biomass−C of soil microorganisms, urease activity, number of tillers hill−1, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) uptake, and grain and protein yield. Inoculation of plants with N2-fixing bacteria, especially Azotobacter increased the efficiency of organic amendments, so that the maximum urease activity, soil microbial activity, P and N uptake, and grain yield (4,667 (2017) and 5,081 (2018) kg/h) were observed in vermicompost treatments containing Azolla (VAM and VRAM) under inoculation with Azotobacter. The results of the study suggested that, using an organic source along with inoculation with appropriate N2-fixing bacteria for vermicompost has a great effect on enzyme activity, soil biology, nutrient uptake and grain yield has a synergistic interaction on agronomic traits under flooded conditions. Therefore, this nutrient method can be used as one of the nutrient management strategies in the sustainable rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghadimi
- Department of Agronomy, University of Zabol, Zabol, Sistan-o-Baluchestan, Iran
| | - Alireza Sirousmehr
- Department of Agronomy, University of Zabol, Zabol, Sistan-o-Baluchestan, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Ghanbari
- Department of Agronomy, University of Zabol, Zabol, Sistan-o-Baluchestan, Iran
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