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Li F, Zhang G, Jinxu Y, Ding T, Liu CQ, Lang Y, Liu N, Song S, Shi Y, Ge B. Comprehensive source identification of heavy metals in atmospheric particulate matter in a megacity: A case study of Hangzhou. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121747. [PMID: 38991345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Megacities face significant pollution challenges, particularly the elevated levels of heavy metals (HMs) in particulate matter (PM). Despite the advent of interdisciplinary and advanced methods for HM source analysis, integrating and applying these approaches to identify HM sources in PM remains a hurdle. This study employs a year-long daily sampling dataset for PM1 and PM1-10 to examine the patterns of HM concentrations under hazy, clean, and rainy conditions in Hangzhou City, aiming to pinpoint the primary sources of HMs in PM. Contrary to other HMs that remained within acceptable limits, the annual average concentrations of Cd and Ni were found to be 20.6 ± 13.6 and 46.9 ± 34.8 ng/m³, respectively, surpassing the World Health Organization's limits by 4.1 and 1.9 times. Remarkably, Cd levels decreased on hazy days, whereas Ni levels were observed to rise on rainy days. Using principal component analysis (PCA), enrichment factor (EF), and backward trajectory analysis, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were determined to be primarily derived from traffic emissions, and there was an interaction between remote migration and local emissions in haze weather. Isotope analysis reveals that Pb concentrations in the Hangzhou region were primarily influenced by emissions from unleaded gasoline, coal combustion, and municipal solid waste incineration, with additional impact from long-range transport; it also highlights nuanced differences between PM1 and PM1-10. Pb isotope and PCA analyses indicate that Ni primarily stemmed from waste incineration emissions. This explanation accounts for the observed higher Ni concentrations on rainy days. Backward trajectory cluster analysis revealed that southern airflows were the primary source of high Cd concentrations on clean days in Hangzhou City. This study employs a multifaceted approach and cross-validation to successfully delineate the sources of HMs in Hangzhou's PM. It offers a methodology for the precise and reliable analysis of complex HM sources in megacity PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feili Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China.
| | - Gaoxiang Zhang
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, PR China
| | - Yifei Jinxu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Tianzheng Ding
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Yunchao Lang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Nuohang Liu
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shuang Song
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Yasheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, PR China
| | - Baozhu Ge
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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Pozza SA, Gonçalves PB, Wouters FC, Vendemiatti JAS, Nogarotto DC, Pereira-Filho ER, Osório DMM, Romualdo LL, Godoi JR, Hoinaski L, Urban RC. Particulate matter pollution and non-targeted analysis of polar compounds in three regions of Brazil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:139839. [PMID: 37604347 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric Particulate Matter (PM) is a pollutant with diverse origins, exhibiting varying chemical compositions, and undergoes several molecular transformations in the atmosphere. In this study, PM samples (PM2.5, PM10 and TSP) were collected in five Brazilian cities (Camboriú-SC; Catalão-GO; Florianópolis-SC; Limeira-SP and Novo Hamburgo-RS) during the four seasons of the year. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the differences between each city and season in PM concentration. PM10 average concentrations were higher in the city of Limeira, compared to the other (ANOVA p-values and Tukey's test). Moreover, Tukey's test demonstrated differences between the average PM10 concentrations in summer and winter. Regarding TSP and PM2.5, Tukey's test showed differences between winter and warm seasons (spring and summer). Moreover, polar compounds from the samples collected in the summer (February) and winter (August) periods were analyzed (Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to a Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer) following a non-targeted approach and annotated. This is the first study to carry out this type of analysis in these five Brazilian cities. Despite the differences in PM concentrations, profiles of polar organic compounds, showed similarities between samples/and, in general, the same compounds were present, albeit with different intensities. The annotated compounds are associated with vehicle emissions and plastics, which are considered important global air polluters. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity for comprehensive studies aimed at investigating the non-targeted compounds existing in the atmosphere. Such research can provide invaluable insights to policymakers, enabling them to formulate effective guidelines and policies to mitigate particulate matter concentration and enhance overall air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone A Pozza
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, R. Paschoal Marmo, 1888, Limeira, SP, 13484-332, Brazil.
| | - Priscila B Gonçalves
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, R. Paschoal Marmo, 1888, Limeira, SP, 13484-332, Brazil
| | - Felipe C Wouters
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, S/n, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Josiane A S Vendemiatti
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, R. Paschoal Marmo, 1888, Limeira, SP, 13484-332, Brazil
| | - Danilo C Nogarotto
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, R. Paschoal Marmo, 1888, Limeira, SP, 13484-332, Brazil
| | - Edenir R Pereira-Filho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, S/n, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Daniela M M Osório
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, R. Paschoal Marmo, 1888, Limeira, SP, 13484-332, Brazil
| | - Lincoln L Romualdo
- Federal University of Catalão, Av. Dr. Lamartine Pinto de Avelar, 1120, Setor Universitário, Catalão, GO, 75705-220, Brazil
| | - Joeci R Godoi
- Federal Institute Catarinense, R. Joaquim Garcia, S/n - Centro, Camboriú, SC, 88340-055, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Hoinaski
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, S/n - Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Roberta C Urban
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, S/n, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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Gioda A, Beringui K, Justo EPS, Ventura LMB, Massone CG, Costa SSL, Oliveira SS, Araujo RGO, Nascimento NDM, Severino HGS, Duyck CB, de Souza JR, Saint Pierre TD. A Review on Atmospheric Analysis Focusing on Public Health, Environmental Legislation and Chemical Characterization. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1772-1794. [PMID: 34092145 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1919985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollution has been considered one of the most important topics in environmental science once it can be related to the incidence of respiratory diseases, climate change, and others. Knowing the composition of this complex and variable mixture of gases and particulate matter is crucial to understand the damages it causes, help establish limit levels, reduce emissions, and mitigate risks. In this work, the current scenario of the legislation and guideline values for indoor and outdoor atmospheric parameters will be reviewed, focusing on the inorganic and organic compositions of particulate matter and on biomonitoring. Considering the concentration level of the contaminants in air and the physical aspects (meteorological conditions) involved in the dispersion of these contaminants, different approaches for air sampling and analysis have been developed in recent years. Finally, this review presents the importance of data analysis, whose main objective is to transform analytical results into reliable information about the significance of anthropic activities in air pollution and its possible sources. This information is a useful tool to help the government implement actions against atmospheric air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Gioda
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karmel Beringui
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elizanne P S Justo
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana M B Ventura
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (INEA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos G Massone
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Silvânio Silvério Lopes Costa
- Núcleo de Petróleo e Gás, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.,Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Sidimar Santos Oliveira
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Rennan Geovanny Oliveira Araujo
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Nivia de M Nascimento
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Departamento de Geoquímica e Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Hemmely Guilhermond S Severino
- Departamento de Geoquímica e Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christiane B Duyck
- Departamento de Geoquímica e Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Rodrigues de Souza
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana D Saint Pierre
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Arı A, Arı PE, Gaga EO. Chemical characterization of size-segregated particulate matter (PM) by inductively coupled plasma – Tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS). Talanta 2020; 208:120350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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