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Zhang S, Yi X, He D, Tang X, Chen Y, Zheng H. Recent progress and perspectives of typical renewable bio-based flocculants: characteristics and application in wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:46877-46897. [PMID: 38980480 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The research on bio-based flocculants for waste resource utilization and environmental protection has garnered significant attention. Bio-based flocculants encompass plant-based, animal-based, and microbial variants that are prepared and modified through biological, chemical, and physical methods. These flocculants possess abundant functional groups, unique structures, and distinctive characteristics. This review comprehensively discussed the removal rates of conventional pollutants and emerging pollutants by bio-based flocculants, the interaction between these flocculants and pollutants, their impact on flocculation performance in wastewater treatment, as well as their application cost. Furthermore, it described the common challenges faced by bio-based flocculants in practical applications along with various improvement strategies to address them. With their safety profile, environmental friendliness, efficiency, renewability, and wide availability from diverse sources, bio-based flocculants hold great potential for widespread use in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Zhang
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Yi
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, People's Republic of China
| | - Dilin He
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis & Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
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2
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Wang Y, Wang Q, Sabaghi S, Kaboli A, Soltani F, Kang K, Kongvarhodom C, Fatehi P. Dual lignin-derived polymeric system for peptone removal from simulated wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123142. [PMID: 38142806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The long-term existence of peptone can breed a large number of bacteria and cause the eutrophication of municipal wastewater. Thus, removing peptone in the wastewater is a major challenge facing the current industry. This study used cationic and anionic lignin polymers, i.e., kraft lignin-[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium methyl sulfate (cationic lignin polymer, CLP) and kraft lignin-acrylic acid (anionic lignin polymer, ALP), as flocculants to eliminate peptone from model wastewater in the single and dual component systems. The affinity of peptone for ALP or CLP was assessed by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle, and vertical scan analyzer. Results illustrated that the adsorption effect of CLP for peptone was significantly superior to that of ALP owing to the stronger vital interaction between cationic polymer and peptone molecules. Based on destabilization and sedimentation analyses, introducing CLP triggered the preliminary flocculation of peptone via bridging action, as indicated by a considerable increment in the destabilization index (from 1.1 to 10.6). Moreover, peptone adsorbed more on the CLP coated surface than on the ALP coated one (14.8 vs 5.4 mg/m2), while ALP facilitated its further adsorption in the dual polymer system. This is because CLP adsorbed a part of peptone molecules on its surface. Then, ALP entrapped the unattached peptone onto the CLP coated surface through electrostatic interaction. Compared with the single polymer system, mixing ALP and CLP subsequently into the peptone solution in the dual system generated larger size aggregates (mean diameter of 6.1 μm) and made the system destabilization (Turbiscan stability index up to 58.1), thereby yielding more flocculation and sedimentation. Finally, peptone was removed successfully from simulated wastewater with a turbidity removal efficiency of 92.5%. These findings confirmed that the dual-component system containing two lignin-derived polymers with opposite charges could be viable for treating peptone wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China; Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Sanaz Sabaghi
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Afrouz Kaboli
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Farshid Soltani
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Kang Kang
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Chutima Kongvarhodom
- Chemical Engineering Department, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada.
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Ramli NN, Kurniawan SB, Ighalo JO, Mohd Said NS, Marsidi N, Buhari J, Ramli Shah RA, Zulkifli M, Alias J, Daud NM, Ahmad J, Othman AR, Sheikh Abdullah SR, Abu Hasan H. A review of the treatment technologies for hexavalent chromium contaminated water. Biometals 2023; 36:1189-1219. [PMID: 37209220 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) present in the environment has exceeded the current limits or standards and thus may lead to biotic and abiotic catastrophes. Accordingly, several treatments, including chemical, biological, and physical approaches, are being used to reduce Cr(VI) waste in the surrounding environment. This study compares the Cr(VI) treatment approaches from several areas of science and their competence in Cr(VI) removal. As an effective combination of physical and chemical approaches, the coagulation-flocculation technique removes more than 98% of Cr(VI) in less than 30 min. Most membrane filtering approaches can remove up to 90% of Cr(VI). Biological approaches that involve the use of plants, fungi, and bacteria also successfully eliminate Cr(VI) but are difficult to scale up. Each of these approaches has its benefits and drawbacks, and their applicability is determined by the research aims. These approaches are also sustainable and environmentally benign, thus limiting their effects on the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Nadhirah Ramli
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický Mlýn, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Joshua O Ighalo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P. M. B., 5025, Nigeria
| | - Nor Sakinah Mohd Said
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nuratiqah Marsidi
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Junaidah Buhari
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Radhiatul Atiqah Ramli Shah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Zulkifli
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jahira Alias
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurull Muna Daud
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamilah Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Razi Othman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Benhiti R, Ait Ichou A, Aboussabek A, Carja G, Zerbet M, Sinan F, Chiban M. Efficient removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution using memory effect property of layered double hydroxide material. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140127. [PMID: 37690565 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Treating wastewater containing pollutants with layered double hydroxide (LDH) material attracts excellent interest. LDH materials are known by the memory effect property, which leads to the reconstruction of the LDH structure after its calcination and rehydration. In this study, LDH material was prepared, calcined, and then rehydrated in an aqueous Cr(VI) solution. XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDS analysis confirm the successful reconstruction of LDH-loading chromium on its surface and layered space. Response surface methodology (RSM) results showed that LDH mass, contact time, and chromium concentration are the main factors controlling the removal of Cr(VI). The heterogeneous sorption of chromium was described by fitting the equilibrium data to the Freundlich model. Analytical techniques, thermodynamic data, activation, and adsorption energies confirm that the removal process of Cr(VI) is endothermic, spontaneous, and physical nature. LDH exhibits good reusability performance with only a 7% reduction of initial adsorption capacity after five cycles of the calcination-rehydration process. These results show that the memory effect of LDH is helpful for the intercalation and the removal of emergent pollutants, especially for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridouan Benhiti
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Abdeljalil Ait Ichou
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Abdelali Aboussabek
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Gabriela Carja
- Laboratory of Materials Nanoarchitectonics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environment Protection, Technical University of 'Gheorghe Asachi' of Iasi, Romania
| | - Mohamed Zerbet
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Fouad Sinan
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Chiban
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco.
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Zhao M, Wang X, Wang S, Gao M. Hydroxyl radical induced Cr flocculation via redox reaction: The extending application of heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes on Cr removal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131282. [PMID: 37023574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Flocculation is a traditional and effective method to remove Cr from wastewater, but the addition of flocculants inevitably leads to secondary pollution. In this study, Cr flocculation was induced using hydroxyl radical (•OH) (•OH flocculation) generated in an electro-Fenton-like system, achieving total Cr removal of 98.68% at initial pH = 8 within 40 min. The obtained Cr flocs showed significantly higher Cr content, lower sludge yield, and good settling properties compared to alkali precipitation and polyaluminum chloride flocculation. •OH flocculation behaved like a typical flocculant, introducing electrostatic neutralization and bridging. The mechanism proposed that •OH could overcome the steric hindrance of Cr(H2O)63+ and combine with it as an additional ligand. Then Cr(III) was proved to undergo multi-step oxidation to form Cr(IV) and Cr(V). After these oxidation reactions, •OH flocculation took precedence over Cr(VI) generation. As a result, Cr(VI) didn't accumulate in solution until •OH flocculation was completed. This work provided a clean and eco-friendly strategy for Cr flocculation instead of flocculants and extended the application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), which is expected to enrich existing strategies of AOPs towards Cr removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manshu Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mingming Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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6
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Feng H, Wang Z, Sajab MS, Abdul PM, Ding G. A novel chitinous nanoparticles prepared and characterized with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) using steam flash explosion treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123210. [PMID: 36639077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This is the first report of the use of steam flash explosion (SFE) to prepare chitinous nanoparticles from black soldier fly (BSF). SFE treatment was performed at a steam pressure of 0.45 to 1.60 MPa with a holding time of 60 s. As the pressure increased, the particle size of the chitinous particles decreased. Under SFE at 1.60 MPa, chitinous nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 59 to 162 nm were produced. SEM, AFM, Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR, TGA, and DSC were used to characterize the BSF chitin materials. It was demonstrated that SFE treatment deacetylated chitin to obtain chitosan with 91.24 % deacetylation. In addition, the polymer backbone was maintained, and the degree of polymerization of chitosan nanoparticles was reduced. The activity of the cationic groups of chitosan nanoparticles was improved, thereby enhancing the temperature sensitivity of the polymeric material. It can be concluded that the SFE one-step processing method is a simple and efficient way to prepare homogeneous biomaterial nanoparticles. This study has implications for the development of chitosan nanomaterials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China
| | - Zifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Gausu Tech Innovation Center of Animal, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China
| | - Mohd Shaiful Sajab
- Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Peer Mohamed Abdul
- Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gongtao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Gausu Tech Innovation Center of Animal, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China.
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Rajoria S, Vashishtha M, Sangal VK. Treatment of electroplating industry wastewater: a review on the various techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:72196-72246. [PMID: 35084684 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution by recalcitrant compounds is an increasingly important problem due to the continuous introduction of new chemicals into the environment. Choosing appropriate measures and developing successful strategies for eliminating hazardous wastewater contaminants from industrial processes is currently a primary goal. Electroplating industry wastewater involves highly toxic cyanide (CN), heavy metal ions, oils and greases, organic solvents, and the complicated composition of effluents and may also contain biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), SS, DS, TS, and turbidity. The availability of these metal ions in electroplating industry wastewater makes the water so toxic and corrosive. Because these heavy metals are harmful to living things, they must be removed to prevent them from being absorbed by plants, animals, and humans. As a result, exposure to electroplating wastewater can induce necrosis and nephritis in humans and lung cancer, digestive system cancer, anemia, hepatitis, and maxillary sinus cancer with prolonged exposure. For the safe discharge of electroplating industry effluents, appropriate wastewater treatment has to be provided. This article examines and assesses new approaches such as coagulation and flocculation, chemical precipitation, ion exchange, membrane filtration, adsorption, electrochemical treatment, and advanced oxidation process (AOP) for treating the electroplating industry wastewater. On the other hand, these physicochemical approaches have significant drawbacks, including a high initial investment and operating cost due to costly chemical reagents, the production of metal complexes sludge that needs additional treatment, and a long recovery process. At the same time, advanced techniques such as electrochemical treatment can remove various kinds of organic and inorganic contaminants such as BOD, COD, and heavy metals. The electrochemical treatment process has several advantages over traditional technologies, including complete removal of persistent organic pollutants, environmental friendliness, ease of integration with other conventional technologies, less sludge production, high separation, and shorter residence time. The effectiveness of the electrochemical treatment process depends on various parameters, including pH, electrode material, operation time, electrode gap, and current density. This review mainly emphasizes the removal of heavy metals and another pollutant such as CN from electroplating discharge. This paper will be helpful in the selection of efficient techniques for treatment based on the quantity and characteristics of the effluent produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Rajoria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur-302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manish Vashishtha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur-302017, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Vikas K Sangal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur-302017, Rajasthan, India.
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Eltaweil AS, Hashem OA, Abdel-Hamid H, Abd El-Monaem EM, Ayoup MS. Synthesis of a new magnetic Sulfacetamide-Ethylacetoacetate hydrazone-chitosan Schiff-base for Cr(VI) removal. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1465-1475. [PMID: 36113599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel magnetic organic-inorganic composite was fabricated. Where, Chitosan, sulfacetamide and ethylacetoacetae were used to prepare a new Sulfacetamide-Ethylacetoacetate hydrazone-chitosan Schiff-base (SEH-CSB) with a variety of active sites that capable of forming coordinate covalent bonds with Cr(VI). This was followed by modification of the formed SHE-CSB with NiFe2O4 to obtain the magnetic Chitosan-Schiff-base (NiFe2O4@SEH-CSB). NiFe2O4@SEH-CSB was characterized using FTIR, zeta potential, SEM, VSM and XPS. Results clarified that SHE played a crucial role in the removal of Cr(VI). The removal of Cr(VI) on NiFe2O4@SEH-CSB was found to be more fitted to pseudo-2nd order kinetics model and Freundlich isotherm. Besides, the maximum adsorption capacity of NiFe2O4@SEH-CSB for Cr(VI) was found to be 373.61 mg/g. The plausible mechanism for the removal of Cr(VI) on NiFe2O4@SEH-CSB composite suggested coulombic interaction, outer-sphere complexation, ion-exchange, surface complexation and coordinate-covalent bond pathways. The magnetic property enabled easy recycling of NiFe2O4@SEH-CSB composite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar A Hashem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hamida Abdel-Hamid
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman M Abd El-Monaem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Salah Ayoup
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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9
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Ren L, Gao X, Zhang X, Qiang T. Stable and recyclable polyporous polyurethane foam highly loaded with UIO-66-NH2 nanoparticles for removal of Cr(Ⅵ) in wastewater. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hao H, Li P, Lv Y, Chen W, Ge D. Probabilistic health risk assessment for residents exposed to potentially toxic elements near typical mining areas in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:58791-58809. [PMID: 35378652 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Public health problems caused by toxic elements in mining areas have always been an important topic worldwide. However, existing studies have focused on single exposure routes and common toxic elements, which might underestimate the risks faced by residents. In this study, three typical mining areas in central China were selected to assess the health risks of 14 potentially toxic elements through five exposure routes using Monte Carlo simulations. The results indicated that the 95th percentile non-carcinogenic risk values to humans via rice and vegetable ingestion ranged from 9.8 to 26.0 and 6.2 to 19.0. The corresponding carcinogenic risks ranged from 1.4E-2 to 6.3E-2 and from 2.9E-3 to 2.3E-2, respectively. Therefore, residents face serious health risks. Multi-element analysis showed that cadmium (Cd), boron (B), and arsenic (As) were the main contributors to rice non-carcinogenicity, whereas Cd and nickel (Ni) were the main elements of rice carcinogenicity. B and lead (Pb) played an essential role in the non-carcinogenesis of vegetables, and B, Ni, and Cd played an essential role in carcinogenesis. Accidental ingestion is the main route of soil exposure. In these three areas, the probability of non-carcinogenic risk faced by adults was 40%, 0%, and 1%, respectively, while the probabilities for children were 100%, 62%, and 83%, respectively. Regarding carcinogenicity, the risk for both adults and children was up to 100%. This study emphasizes the overall health risks in polluted areas via multi-route and multi-element analysis. This conclusion is helpful to comprehensively assess the potential health risks faced by residents in mining areas and provide baseline data support and a scientific basis for formulating reasonable risk control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Hao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Environmental Factors of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Villages, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Li
- College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntao Lv
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Environmental Factors of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Villages, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanming Chen
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Environmental Factors of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Villages, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Dabing Ge
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Machine learning for the prediction of heavy metal removal by chitosan-based flocculants. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 285:119240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Xia J, Rao T, Ji J, He B, Liu A, Sun Y. Enhanced Dewatering of Activated Sludge by Skeleton-Assisted Flocculation Process. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116540. [PMID: 35682124 PMCID: PMC9180161 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sludge dewatering is the fundamental process of sludge treatment. Environmentally friendly and efficient sludge conditioning methods are the premises of sludge to achieve dehydration reduction and resource utilization. In response to sewage plant sludge dehydration, fly ash (FA), polymerized aluminum chloride (PAC), and polymer sulfate (PFS) were studied separately to determine their sludge dehydration performance, and the effects of these three conditioner composite regulations on sludge dehydration properties were studied. Compared to the sludge treated only with conditioner, the average particle size of floc increased and the organic matter content in the filtrate decreased. The sludge dewatering efficiency after the conditioning effect is better than that after conditioning a single conditioner. After PFS conditioning with fly ash, the water content and specific resistance (SRF) of the sludge cake can be reduced to 76.39% and 6.63 × 1010 m/kg, respectively. The moisture content and specific resistance (SRF) of the sludge cake can be reduced to 76.10% and 6.91 × 1010 m/kg, respectively. The pH of the sludge and filtrate changed slightly after PAC conditioning with fly ash coupling. These results indicate that fly-ash coupled with PAC and fly-ash coupled with PFS are expected to become a novel and effective environmental protection combined conditioning method for sludge dewatering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Xia
- Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Public Utilities Holding Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210044, China; (J.X.); (T.R.); (J.J.); (B.H.)
| | - Ting Rao
- Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Public Utilities Holding Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210044, China; (J.X.); (T.R.); (J.J.); (B.H.)
| | - Juan Ji
- Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Public Utilities Holding Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210044, China; (J.X.); (T.R.); (J.J.); (B.H.)
| | - Bijuan He
- Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Public Utilities Holding Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210044, China; (J.X.); (T.R.); (J.J.); (B.H.)
| | - Ankang Liu
- Nanjing Water Purification Environmental Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211100, China;
| | - Yongjun Sun
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
- Correspondence:
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13
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Hyrycz M, Ochowiak M, Krupińska A, Włodarczak S, Matuszak M. A review of flocculants as an efficient method for increasing the efficiency of municipal sludge dewatering: Mechanisms, performances, influencing factors and perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153328. [PMID: 35074381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical sludge dewatering is one of the stages of the municipal wastewater treatment process, which allows the amount of generated sludge and the cost of its transport and management to be reduced. Achieving a high degree of dewatering is possible thanks to the use of flocculation technology. The article presents issues related to the theory of flocculation, sewage sludge, and its dewatering. The main mechanisms of flocculation, the kinetics of the process, the division of flocculants, and flocculation in dual systems are discussed. The influence of particular parameters on the efficiency of flocculation and the dewatering of sewage sludge was analyed. The assessed parameters are: pH, the presence of salt, the mixing process, the structure and ionicity of chains, and the dose. The results of experimental studies on the dewatering of various types of sludge were compared. The literature review included in the paper helps to better understand the process of flocculation and sludge dewatering, and presents the progress to date and the possible directions for further development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Hyrycz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Equipment, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marek Ochowiak
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Equipment, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Andżelika Krupińska
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Equipment, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Włodarczak
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Equipment, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Matuszak
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Equipment, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
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14
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Abidli A, Huang Y, Ben Rejeb Z, Zaoui A, Park CB. Sustainable and efficient technologies for removal and recovery of toxic and valuable metals from wastewater: Recent progress, challenges, and future perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133102. [PMID: 34914948 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to their numerous effects on human health and the natural environment, water contamination with heavy metals and metalloids, caused by their extensive use in various technologies and industrial applications, continues to be a huge ecological issue that needs to be urgently tackled. Additionally, within the circular economy management framework, the recovery and recycling of metals-based waste as high value-added products (VAPs) is of great interest, owing to their high cost and the continuous depletion of their reserves and natural sources. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art technologies developed for the removal and recovery of metal pollutants from wastewater by providing an in-depth understanding of their remediation mechanisms, while analyzing and critically discussing the recent key advances regarding these treatment methods, their practical implementation and integration, as well as evaluating their advantages and remaining limitations. Herein, various treatment techniques are covered, including adsorption, reduction/oxidation, ion exchange, membrane separation technologies, solvents extraction, chemical precipitation/co-precipitation, coagulation-flocculation, flotation, and bioremediation. A particular emphasis is placed on full recovery of the captured metal pollutants in various reusable forms as metal-based VAPs, mainly as solid precipitates, which is a powerful tool that offers substantial enhancement of the remediation processes' sustainability and cost-effectiveness. At the end, we have identified some prospective research directions for future work on this topic, while presenting some recommendations that can promote sustainability and economic feasibility of the existing treatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelnasser Abidli
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute for Water Innovation (IWI), Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 55 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada.
| | - Yifeng Huang
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute for Water Innovation (IWI), Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 55 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zeineb Ben Rejeb
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Aniss Zaoui
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Chul B Park
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute for Water Innovation (IWI), Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 55 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada.
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15
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Rajapaksha AU, Selvasembian R, Ashiq A, Gunarathne V, Ekanayake A, Perera VO, Wijesekera H, Mia S, Ahmad M, Vithanage M, Ok YS. A systematic review on adsorptive removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions: Recent advances. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:152055. [PMID: 34871684 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of natural resources by hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) originating from natural and anthropogenic activities is a serious environmental concern. Although many articles on chromium remediation have been published, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in remediation with different sorbents is not yet available. In this systematic review, the performance and applicability of several adsorptive materials for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous media are discussed, along with a detailed analysis of the mechanisms involved. Statistical analysis is applied to compare the efficacies of different adsorbents, while a similar approach is used to determine the effects of sorbent properties and experimental conditions on the adsorption capacity. A detailed analysis of the factors involved in fixed-bed column studies is also presented. A suitable desorption approach to the regeneration of the spent adsorbent and its adsorption performance in reuse is also examined. Among the different sorbents, nanoparticles and mineral-doped biochar were found to be the most effective sorbents, while the adsorption was higher at low pH (~4.0) than that at intermediate pH (6-8). Contrary to our expectation, adsorption was high for sorbents with low specific surface areas, suggesting that the adsorption of Cr(VI) is largely influenced by the chemical properties of the sorbents. The optimum adsorption in fixed-bed column systems is obtained at a lower Cr(VI) ion concentration, a lower influent flow rate, and a higher bed height. Since most of the studies reviewed herein were merely experimental and utilized ideal conditions with the presence of a single contaminant, i.e. Cr(VI) in water, further studies on adsorption dynamics with the presence of other interfering ions are suggested. This review is promising for the further development of Cr(VI) removal strategies and closes the research gaps pertaining to their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; Instrument Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
| | - Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Ahamed Ashiq
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; Hydrometallurgy and Environment Laboratory, Robert M. Buchan Department of Mining, Queen's University, 25 Union Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Viraj Gunarathne
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Anusha Ekanayake
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - V O Perera
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Hasintha Wijesekera
- Department of Natural Resources, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka
| | - Shamin Mia
- Department of Agronomy, Patuakhali Science and Technology, University of Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Mahtab Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Sun Y, Yu Y, Zhou S, Shah KJ, Sun W, Zhai J, Zheng H. Functionalized chitosan-magnetic flocculants for heavy metal and dye removal modeled by an artificial neural network. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Maćczak P, Kaczmarek H, Ziegler-Borowska M, Węgrzynowska-Drzymalska K, Burkowska-But A. The Use of Chitosan and Starch-Based Flocculants for Filter Backwash Water Treatment. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031056. [PMID: 35161001 PMCID: PMC8838026 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic aluminum or iron salts supported with synthetic polymers are commonly used to eradicate colloidal particles from water in coagulation and flocculation processes. Nevertheless, these agents have several disadvantages, such as large volumes of sludge produced or environmental toxicity. Recently biodegradable polymers have been suggested as eco-friendly flocculants for water treatment. This study aimed to investigate the possibilities of using starch and chitosan and their oxidized derivatives as flocculants for filter backwash water treatment. Dialdehyde starch (DST) and dialdehyde chitosan (DCT) were synthesized by periodate oxidization of natural starch from corn and low molecular weight chitosan. The obtained materials have been characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, we studied the flocculation properties of polysaccharide flocculants in a series of jar tests. The effectiveness of chitosan and starched-based flocculants was compared to synthetic polymers commonly used to treat iron ions-rich filter backwash water. The environmental aspects of these chemicals, particularly the biodegradability of post-flocculation residues, were also addressed. It was found that oxidized starch and chitosan derivatives can be used as ecological flocculating materials to treat potable water or sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Maćczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.Z.-B.); (K.W.-D.)
- Water Supply and Sewage Enterprise LLC, Przemysłowa 4, 99-300 Kutno, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Halina Kaczmarek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.Z.-B.); (K.W.-D.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Marta Ziegler-Borowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.Z.-B.); (K.W.-D.)
| | | | - Aleksandra Burkowska-But
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
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18
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Vandermeulen GWM, Boarino A, Klok H. Biodegradation of
water‐soluble
and
water‐dispersible
polymers for agricultural, consumer, and industrial applications—Challenges and opportunities for sustainable materials solutions. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Boarino
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Harm‐Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD Lausanne Switzerland
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19
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Advanced Treatment of Phosphorus Pesticide Wastewater Using an Integrated Process of Coagulation and Ozone Catalytic Oxidation. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional pretreatment and secondary biochemical treatment are ineffective methods for removing phosphorus from phosphorus-containing pesticide wastewater. In this study, coagulation-coupled ozone catalytic oxidation was used to treat secondary biochemical tailwater of phosphorus-containing pesticide wastewater thoroughly. The effects of the coagulant type, coagulant dosage, coagulant concentration, wastewater pH, stirring rate, and stirring time on the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), and chromaticity were investigated during coagulation. When the dosage of the coagulant PAFS was equal to 100 mg/L, the concentration of the coagulant, pH, stirring rate, and stirring time were 5 wt%, 8, 100 rpm, and 5 min, respectively, and the removal rates of COD, TP, and chroma in wastewater reached the maximum value of 17.6%, 86.8%, and 50.0%, respectively. Effluent after coagulation was treated via ozone catalytic oxidation. When the respective ozone dosage, H2O2 dosage, catalyst dosage, and reaction time were 120 mg/L, 0.1 vt‰, 10 wt%, and 90 min, residual COD and chromaticity of the final effluent were 10.3 mg/L and 8, respectively. The coagulation-coupled ozone catalytic oxidation process has good application prospects in the treatment of secondary biochemical tailwater from phosphorus-containing pesticide wastewater.
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20
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Benderrag A, Djellali M, Haddou B, Daaou M, Bounaceur B. Experimental design and RSM on the recovery of Ni (II) ions by ELM using TX-100 as a biodegradable surfactant. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:386-401. [PMID: 32615905 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1791967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present work deals with the extraction and pre-concentration of nickel (II) ions using emulsified liquid membrane (ELM) in the presence of di- (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as an extractant. The emulsion stability was achieved by the biodegradable surfactants Triton X-100 addition diluted in kerosene. Influence of operating conditions that affect ELM performance were investigated. A comparative study between the optimization parameters of this process was carried out both experimentally and with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), in accordance with the Box-Behnken matrix. The following parameters were investegated: D2EHPA / Triton X-100 ratio between 0.5 and 3.5, initial concentration of the feed phase between 200 and 500 ppm and pH of the feed phase from 2.5-10. The transport of Ni (II) ions was evaluated according to the extraction yield as an analytical response and the optimal conditions were determined. It was found that the calculated values being in good agreement with experimental data that under the optimized conditions ([Ni] = 350 ppm, Vagitation = 200 rpm, t = 20 min and pH = 6.6), Ni (II) ions extraction was recorded more than 94% of efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Benderrag
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux, Catalyse et Environnement (LPCM-CE), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d'Oran Mohamed Boudiaf (USTOMB), Faculté de Chimie, Oran, Algerie
- Laboratoire de chimie physique macromoléculaire, Faculté des sciences, Université d'Oran1, Oran, Algérie
| | - Meriem Djellali
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux, Catalyse et Environnement (LPCM-CE), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d'Oran Mohamed Boudiaf (USTOMB), Faculté de Chimie, Oran, Algerie
| | - Boumediene Haddou
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux, Catalyse et Environnement (LPCM-CE), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d'Oran Mohamed Boudiaf (USTOMB), Faculté de Chimie, Oran, Algerie
| | - Mortada Daaou
- Laboratoire de synthèse organique, physico-chimie, biomolécules et environnement (LSPBE), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d'Oran-Mohamed Boudiaf, USTO-MB, Faculté de Chimie, Oran, Algérie
| | - Boumedienne Bounaceur
- Laboratoire de chimie physique macromoléculaire, Faculté des sciences, Université d'Oran1, Oran, Algérie
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22
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Khan R, Inam MA, Lee KH, Channa AS, Mallah MA, Wie YM, Abbasi MN. Synergetic Effect of Organic Flocculant and Montmorillonite Clay on the Removal of Nano-CuO by Coagulation-Flocculation-Sedimentation Process. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102753. [PMID: 34685190 PMCID: PMC8537118 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The widespread usage of nano-copper oxide particles (nano-CuO) in several industrial products and applications raises concerns about their release into water bodies. Thus, their elimination from drinking water is essential to reduce the risk to human health. This work investigated the removal of nano-CuO from pure water and montmorillonite clay (MC) suspensions using poly aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) as well as cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) by the coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation (C/F/S) process. Moreover, the PAFC and PAFC/PAM flocculation performance for various nano-CuO particles concentrations, dosages, pH, settling times and stirring speeds were also investigated. The findings showed that the removal of nano-CuO and turbidity in MC suspension were higher as compared to pure water. Moreover, the combined effect of PAFC/PAM on the elimination of nano-CuO and turbidity was also substantially better than the individual use of PAFC or PAM. The efficient removal of CuO was observed in the solution containing higher mass concentration in the order (10 mg/L > 2.5 mg/L > 1 mg/L) with an increased coagulant dose. The improved removal performance of nano-CuO was observed in a pH range of 7-11 under various water matrices. The C/F/S conditions of nano-CuO were further optimized by the Box-Behnken statistical experiment design and response surface methodology. The PAFC/PAM dose resulted in the maximum removal of nano-CuO (10 mg/L) in both pure water (>97%) and MC suspension (>99%). The results of particle monitoring and Fourier transform infrared of composite flocs revealed that the main removal mechanism of nano-CuO may be the combined effect of neutralization, complexation as well as adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology (QUEST), Nawabshah 67480, Pakistan; (R.K.); (A.S.C.); (M.A.M.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Muhammad Ali Inam
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), H-12 Campus, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Kang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence:
| | - Abdul Sami Channa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology (QUEST), Nawabshah 67480, Pakistan; (R.K.); (A.S.C.); (M.A.M.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Mukhtiar Ali Mallah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology (QUEST), Nawabshah 67480, Pakistan; (R.K.); (A.S.C.); (M.A.M.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Young-Min Wie
- Department of Materials Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea;
| | - Mahmood Nabi Abbasi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology (QUEST), Nawabshah 67480, Pakistan; (R.K.); (A.S.C.); (M.A.M.); (M.N.A.)
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23
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Jiang X, Li Y, Tang X, Jiang J, He Q, Xiong Z, Zheng H. Biopolymer-based flocculants: a review of recent technologies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:46934-46963. [PMID: 34263401 PMCID: PMC8279699 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymer-based flocculants have become a potential substitute for inorganic coagulants and synthetic organic flocculants due to their wide natural reserves, environmental friendliness, easy natural degradation, and high material safety. In recent years, with more and more attention to clean technologies, a lot of researches on the modification and application of biopolymer-based flocculants have been carried out. The present paper reviews the latest important information about the base materials of biopolymer-based flocculants, including chitosan, starch, cellulose, and lignin etc. This review also highlights the various modification methods of these base materials according to reaction types in detail. Via the recent researches, the flocculation mechanisms of biopolymer-based flocculants, such as adsorption, bridging, charge neutralization, net trapping, and sweeping, as well as, some other special mechanisms are comprehensively summarized. This paper also focuses on the water treatment conditions, the removal efficiency, and advantages of biopolymer-based flocculants in applications. Further, this review sheds light on the future perspectives of biopolymer-based flocculants, which may make progress in the sources of base materials, modification processes, multi-function, and deepening application researches. We believe that this review can guide the further researches and developments of biopolymer-based flocculants in the future, to develop them with a higher efficiency, a lower cost, more safety, and multi-function for more diversified applications. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yisen Li
- Digital Chongqing Big Data Application Development Co., Ltd, Chongqing, 400000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Zikang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.
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Xiao X, Sun Y, Liu J, Zheng H. Flocculation of heavy metal by functionalized starch-based bioflocculants: Characterization and process evaluation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Sun Y, Yu Y, Zheng X, Chen A, Zheng H. Magnetic flocculation of Cu(II) wastewater by chitosan-based magnetic composite flocculants with recyclable properties. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117891. [PMID: 33766376 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, three magnetic flocculants, namely, MC, MC-g-PAM, and MC-g-PAA, were prepared. The structure characteristics, flocculation performance, and floc characteristics of the three magnetic flocculants were systematically studied and compared. SEM, FT-IR, XPS, XRD, TG-DSC, and VSM characterization results show that MC, MC-g-PAM, and MC-g-PAA are successfully prepared and exhibit good magnetic induction. The removal rates of copper ions by MC, MC-g-PAM, and MC-g-PAA under the optimal coagulation conditions are 93.39 %, 88.64 %, and 61.41 %, respectively. Kinetic fitting shows that the flocculation reaction process of MC and MC-g-PAM conforms to pseudo first-order kinetics, while the flocculation reaction process of MC-g-PAA conforms to pseudo second-order kinetics. The flocs produced by MC-g-PAA have larger particle size and fractal dimension than those by MC and MC-g-PAM. At 80 mg/L dosage and pH 6, the floc size and floc fractal dimension obtained by MC-g-PAA reach the maximum values of 48.28 um and 1.468, respectively. Zeta potential studies show that the flocculation functions of the three flocculants are mainly adsorption bridging, adsorption electric neutralization, and chelating precipitation. Recycling experiments show that MC-g-PAA has good recyclability, and the recovery rate after the fifth use is 77.24 % with the Cu(II) removal rate of 67.53 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Sun
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aowen Chen
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- College of Environemnt and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
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26
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Acrylic acid-grafted polyaniline fibers for nickel ion removal from water: synthesis, characterization and adsorption kinetics. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Sun W, Zhou S, Sun Y, Xu Y. Synthesis and evaluation of cationic flocculant P(DAC-PAPTAC-AM) for flocculation of coal chemical wastewater. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 99:239-248. [PMID: 33183701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a high-efficiency cationic flocculant, P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM), was successfully prepared using UV-induced polymerization technology. The monomer Acrylamide (AM): Acryloxyethyl Trimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC): methacrylamido propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAPTAC) ratio, monomer concentration, photoinitiator concentration, urea content, and cationic monomer DAC:MAPTAC ratio, light time, and power of high-pressure mercury lamp were studied. The characteristic groups, characteristic diffraction peaks, and characteristic proton peaks of P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) were confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (1H NMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of dosage, pH value, and velocity gradient (G) value on the removal efficiencies of turbidity, COD, ammonia nitrogen, and total phenol by poly aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC), P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM), and PAFC/P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) in the flocculation treatment of coal chemical wastewater were investigated. Results showed that the optimal conditions for the flocculation of coal chemical wastewater using P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) alone are as follows: dosage of 8-12 mg/L, G value of 100-250 s - 1, and pH value of 4-8. The optimal dosage of PAFC is 90-150 mg/L with a pH of 2-12. The optimal dosage for PAFC/P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) is as follows: PAFC dosage of 90-150 mg/L, P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) dosage of 8-12 mg/L, and pH range of 2-6. When P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) was used alone, the optimal removal efficiencies of turbidity, COD, ammonia nitrogen, and total phenol were 81.0%, 35.0%, 75.0%, and 80.3%, respectively. PAFC has good tolerance to wastewater pH and good pH buffering. Thus, the flocculation treatment of coal chemical wastewater using the PAFC/P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) compound also exhibits excellent resistance and buffering capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenquan Sun
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Shengbao Zhou
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Yongjun Sun
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China.
| | - Yanhua Xu
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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28
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Wang Q, Oshita K, Takaoka M. Evaluation of flocculation performance of amphoteric flocculant when harvesting microalgae Coccomyxa sp. KJ by response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 277:111449. [PMID: 33035942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A response surface methodology was used to investigate the flocculation performance of an amphoteric flocculant (acrylamide-methacrylic acid ester-acrylic acid copolymer [ACPAM]) for harvesting microalgae. After three potential influencing factors (pH, dosage, and the stirring speed of an intensive mixing step ω1) passed screening in experiments using a Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent experiments were conducted to identify the parameters for Box-Behnken assessments. In those assessments, ω1, dosage, ω12, dosage2, and ω1 ∙ dosage were identified as significant factors. This model was optimized by removing nonsignificant factors and applying Box-Cox transformation, both of which significantly improved the adequacy of the model. An optimized set of conditions (pH = 9.0, ω1 = 339.3 rpm, and dosage = 28.54 mg/L) was obtained under which flocculation efficiency (FE) was predicted to be 95.85% and 98.00% for the nonsignificant factors removed and Box-Cox transformed models, respectively, compared to an experimentally determined value of 98.06%. Thermal stability analyses showed that the ACPAM was generally stable below 100 °C with some weight loss caused by moisture evaporation. However, crosslinking of its molecules by imidization and condensation started to occur at 120 °C, resulting in a lower flocculation performance. Finally, the applicability of the ACPAM was studied by comparing its FE to those of two other flocculants (AlCl3 and chitosan) when harvesting three microalgal species. The results showed flocculation performance of ACPAM varied with microalgae species, for one species the ACPAM dosage needed was highest while for another species, the dosage was lowest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Oshita
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Masaki Takaoka
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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29
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Koshani R, Tavakolian M, van de Ven TGM. Cellulose-based dispersants and flocculants. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10502-10526. [PMID: 33136107 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02021d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural dispersants and flocculants, often referred to as dispersion stabilizers and liquid-solid separators, respectively, have secured a promising role in the bioprocessing community. They have various applications, including in biomedicine and in environmental remediation. A large fraction of existing dispersants and flocculants are synthesized from non-safe chemical compounds such as polyacrylamide and surfactants. Despite numerous advantages of synthetic dispersants and flocculants, issues such as renewability, sustainability, biocompatibility, and cost efficiency have shifted attention towards natural homologues, in particular, cellulose-based ones. Within the past decade, cellulose derivatives, obtained via chemical and mechanical treatments of cellulose fibrils, have successfully been used for these purposes. In this review article, by dividing the functional cellulosic compounds into "polymeric" and "nanoscale" categories, we provide insight into the engineering pathways, the structural frameworks, and surface chemistry of these "green" types of dispersants and flocculants. A summary of their efficiency and the controlling parameters is also accompanied by recent advances in their applications in each section. We are confident that the emergence of cellulose-based dispersing and flocculating agents will extend the boundaries of sustainable green technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Koshani
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada. and Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM) and Pulp and Paper Research Center, McGill University, 3420 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada.
| | - Mandana Tavakolian
- Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM) and Pulp and Paper Research Center, McGill University, 3420 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada. and Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Theo G M van de Ven
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada. and Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM) and Pulp and Paper Research Center, McGill University, 3420 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada.
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30
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Chen J, Xu X, Nie R, Feng L, Li X, Liu B. Chitosan Modified Cationic Polyacrylamide Initiated by UV-H 2O 2 for Sludge Flocculation and New Insight on the Floc Characteristics Study. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2738. [PMID: 33218149 PMCID: PMC7698928 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a novel graft modified flocculant CTS-g-PAMD was synthesized and applied to conduct sludge conditioning and dewatering. CTS-g-PAMD was copolymerized with AM, DMC and chitosan (CTS) under UV-H2O2 initiation. In addition, the effects of single factor experiments on the molecular weight (MW) CTS grafting efficiency (GE) of CTS-g-PAMD were determined and the optimal copolymerization conditions were achieved. The GE of CTS-g-PAMD reached 91.1% and the MW was 4.82 × 106 Da. As revealed from the characterized results of Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), 1H/ NMR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the successful synthesis of CTS-g-PAMD was confirmed, which is considered to be conducive to explaining sludge dewatering performance. Under the optimal conditions (pH = 7.0, flocculant dosage = 35 mg/L), the best flocculating performance (FCMC: 73.7%; SRF: 4.7 × 1012 m·kg-1, turbidity: 9.4 NTU) and large and dense sludge flocs (floc size d50 = 379.142 µm, floc fractal dimension Df = 1.58) were formed. The DMC and CTS chain segments exhibiting cationic properties significantly improved the positive charge density and enhanced the electrical patching effect of CTS-g-PAMD. The long molecular chain of CTS-g-PAMD exhibited superior extensibility, which enhanced bridging effect on adsorption. Moreover, the sludge floc after undergoing CTS-g-PAMD conditioning exhibited robust shear resistance and regeneration ability. After the sludge floc was crushed and broken, a large and dense sludge floc was formed, helping significantly reduce the sludge specific resistance (SRF), turbidity and cake moisture content (FCMC) and enhance the sludge dewatering effect. The novel CTS-g-PAMD flocculant shows promising practical applications and high market value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (J.C.); (X.X.); (R.N.)
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (J.C.); (X.X.); (R.N.)
| | - Rui Nie
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (J.C.); (X.X.); (R.N.)
| | - Li Feng
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Xuhao Li
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Bingzhi Liu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.L.); (B.L.)
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31
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Chen W, Tang Q, Liu Z, Luo F, Liao Y, Zhao S, Zhang K, Cheng L, Ma D. Fabricating a novel chitosan-based adsorbent with multifunctional synergistic effect for Cu(II) removal: Maleic anhydride as a connecting bridge. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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32
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Maćczak P, Kaczmarek H, Ziegler-Borowska M. Recent Achievements in Polymer Bio-Based Flocculants for Water Treatment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3951. [PMID: 32906667 PMCID: PMC7559979 DOI: 10.3390/ma13183951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymer flocculants are used to promote solid-liquid separation processes in potable water and wastewater treatment. Recently, bio-based flocculants have received a lot of attention due to their superior advantages over conventional synthetic polymers or inorganic agents. Among natural polymers, polysaccharides show many benefits such as biodegradability, non-toxicity, ability to undergo different chemical modifications, and wide accessibility from renewable sources. The following article provides an overview of bio-based flocculants and their potential application in water treatment, which may be an indication to look for safer alternatives compared to synthetic polymers. Based on the recent literature, a new approach in searching for biopolymer flocculants sources, flocculation mechanisms, test methods, and factors affecting this process are presented. Particular attention is paid to flocculants based on starch, cellulose, chitosan, and their derivatives because they are low-cost and ecological materials, accepted in industrial practice. New trends in water treatment technology, including biosynthetic polymers, nanobioflocculants, and stimulant-responsive flocculants are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Maćczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (P.M.); (M.Z.-B.)
- Water Supply and Sewage Enterprise LLC, Przemysłowa 4, 99-300 Kutno, Poland
| | - Halina Kaczmarek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (P.M.); (M.Z.-B.)
| | - Marta Ziegler-Borowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (P.M.); (M.Z.-B.)
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33
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Flocculation activity and evaluation of chitosan-based flocculant CMCTS-g-P(AM-CA) for heavy metal removal. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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34
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Musarurwa H, Tavengwa NT. Application of carboxymethyl polysaccharides as bio-sorbents for the sequestration of heavy metals in aquatic environments. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 237:116142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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35
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Zhang L, Xu Z, He Z. Selective recovery of lead and zinc through controlling cathodic potential in a bioelectrochemically-assisted electrodeposition system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 386:121941. [PMID: 31884365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Proper treatment of mining wastewaters is critically important to minimize contamination by heavy metals contained in those wastewaters. Herein, a bioelectrochemically-assisted electrodeposition (BES-EDP) system was developed and investigated for selective removal and recovery of Pb and Zn from a mimicked smelting wastewater. It was observed that those two metals were reduced at different cathodic potentials and electrodeposition time. At a cathodic potential of -0.75 V vs. Ag/AgCl, 98.5 ± 1.4 % of Pb was recovered after 10 h of reaction while there was little Zn deposition. Increasing the cathodic potential to -1.2 V could achieve 98.7 ± 0.7 % of Zn with the electrodeposition time of 6 h. The composition of the deposits confirmed the results from solution analysis and metal oxides were also formed during metal reduction. The diffusion impedance was much higher than the charge transfer resistance, suggesting that the diffusion process was a rate limiting step for electrodeposition. The diffusion process was verified by chronoamperometry with a good fit in Cottrell equation. The electrodeposition equilibrium constant k0 was determined as 3.76 cm s-1. Those results have demonstrated the feasibility of using bioelectricity to assist with selective metal recovery and warrant further investigation of technologies for sustainable management of mining wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingen Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, VA 24060, USA
| | - Zhenming Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, VA 24060, USA; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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36
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Ferasat Z, Panahi R, Mokhtarani B. Natural polymer matrix as safe flocculant to remove turbidity from kaolin suspension: Performance and governing mechanism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 255:109939. [PMID: 31790872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional flocculants bear environmental and health concerns which could be avoided by applying natural materials, particularly polysaccharide and glycoprotein-containing ones. In the present study, yeast cell wall (YCW), a natural polymer matrix, was used as natural flocculant. To prepare YCW, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cultivated in bench scale fermenter. After characterization, YCW was employed as anionic flocculant in jar tests to remove turbidity from kaolin suspensions at different conditions where either alum or poly aluminum chloride (PAC) was coagulant. Generally, the lower coagulant consumption, higher turbidity removal or faster sedimentation was observed by using YCW as flocculant. The developed flocculant was more effective in the presence of PAC compared to alum. At best, by applying 300 mg/L YCW, the highest turbidity removals of 98 and 97% were achieved using 10 ppm PAC at pH 6.5 and 50 ppm alum at pH 7.5, respectively. The presence of the flocculant in the structure of the flocs was proved by FTIR analysis. The final pH of the treated suspensions was suitable for discharge purpose without the need for neutralization. The excess positive charge neutralization and bridging were the governing mechanism in coagulation-flocculation process. YCW with proper performance, GRAS designation and readily availability can be considered as natural alternative to chemical anionic flocculants where the process needs safe compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ferasat
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), 14968-13151, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Panahi
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), 14968-13151, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Babak Mokhtarani
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), 14968-13151, Tehran, Iran
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