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Mulone S, Corsino SF, Capodici M, Torregrossa M. The anaerobic exposure time (AET) as a novel process parameter in the anaerobic side-stream reactor (ASSR)-based process for excess sludge minimization. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 254:121380. [PMID: 38412561 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Minimization of excess sludge produced by wastewater treatment plants has become a topical theme nowadays. One of the most used approaches to achieve this aim is the anaerobic side-stream reactor (ASSR) process. This is considered affected by the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the anaerobic reactor, the anaerobic sludge loading rate (ASLR) and the sludge interchange ratio (SIR), although, studies available in the literature did not reflect a clear relationship with the sludge minimization yields. To overcome this, a novel parameter namely anaerobic exposure time (AET) was defined and related to reduction of the observed yield coefficient (Yobs) in a lab-scale plant implementing the ASSR process. Furthermore, the AET was validated by performing a detailed and thorough review of previous literature. Excess sludge production was successfully reduced (10-60 %) with the increase of the AET (7.9-13 h/d), although maintaining the same HRT in the ASSR and a constant sludge interchange ratio (SIR) (100 %). A strong correlation (Pearson = 0.763) was found between the AET, and the Yobs reduction reported in previous studies, also indicating a linear relationship (R2 = 0.92) between these parameters. Contrarily, the correlation between the Yobs with the ASLR and the ASSR-HRT resulted moderate (Pearson = 0.186) or weak (Pearson=-0.346), respectively. Overall, while operating at low AET (< 6 h), maintenance and uncoupling metabolism were found the main sludge reduction mechanisms. Increasing the AET (>8 h) favoured the occurrence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) hydrolysis and endogenous decay mechanisms, which improved excess sludge reduction. To conclude, the AET could be considered a reliable parameter to be used for design or control purposes for the ASSR-based process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mulone
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Santo Fabio Corsino
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Marco Capodici
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Michele Torregrossa
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Zhou SP, Ke X, Jin LQ, Xue YP, Zheng YG. Sustainable management and valorization of biomass wastes using synthetic microbial consortia. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 395:130391. [PMID: 38307483 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
In response to the persistent expansion of global resource demands, considerable attention has been directed toward the synthetic microbial consortia (SMC) within the domain of microbial engineering, aiming to address the sustainable management and valorization of biomass wastes. This comprehensive review systematically encapsulates the most recent advancements in research and technological applications concerning the utilization of SMC for biomass waste treatment. The construction strategies of SMC are briefly outlined, and the diverse applications of SMC in biomass wastes treatment are explored, with particular emphasis on its potential advantages in waste degradation, hazardous substances control, and high value-added products conversion. Finally, recommendations for the future development of SMC technology are proposed, and prospects for its sustainable application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xia Ke
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Li-Qun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ya-Ping Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Khursheed A, Munshi FMA, Almohana AI, Alali AF, Kamal MA, Alam S, Alrehaili O, Islam DT, Kumar M, Varjani S, Kazmi AA, Tyagi VK. Resolution of conflict of reduced sludge production with EBPR by coupling OSA to A 2/O process in a pilot scale SBR. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 318:137945. [PMID: 36702406 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The pinnacle of all the efforts of nutrient removal is practically put-down the moment biological cells are lysed, hydrolyzed or digested causing subsequent reappearance of assimilated nitrogen and phosphorus in any biological process. While sludge reduction requires high SRT, the enhanced phosphorus assimilative uptake demands low SRT. A novel reactor configuration for enhanced sludge and phosphorus removal was put to test by incorporating a side stream anaerobic reactor to an Anaerobic-Anoxic-Aerobic (A2O) SBR with a pre-anoxic chamber and an influent receiving inlet anaerobic reactor. The reactor was operated at the average and lowest range of prevailing carbon/phosphorus (C/P) ratio of 50 and 15 in the sewage. The phosphorus enrichment was 0.0469-0.135 mgTP/mgVSS resulting in 1.76-5.05-fold increase from cellular content by virtue of maintaining sludge recycle from SBR aeration tank to side stream anaerobic reactor from 3.78 to 9.78 (average 4.4-8.2) gVSS/gVSS present in the reactor. However, the sludge was also reduced from 3% to 51% on an average basis during the same recirculation regime. This novel configuration consists of an inlet anaerobic reactor, one pre-anoxic chamber and one intermittent oxic anoxic reaction SBR and a side stream anaerobic reactor. The first anaerobic reactor at inlet followed by pre-anoxic chamber was provided for increased ortho-p released and nitrification respectively and a side stream anaerobic reactor for sludge reduction through sludge fasting mechanism. The EBPR and lesser sludge growth were two conflicting parameters reconciled to the extent that if sludge recycled up to 6.41 gVSS/gVSS the sludge growth would be reduced by 25% and phosphorus enrichment could be attained up to 3.46 times the stoichiometric value. Any further recirculation would reduce the sludge further but at the expense of enhanced phosphorus uptake as released phosphorus from side stream anaerobic reactor also recycled back to main SBR causing looping and at more than 6.41gVSSrecycled/gVSS it nullified the enhanced effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Khursheed
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, KSU, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia; Department of Civil Engineering, Z.H. College of Engineering, AMU, Aligarh, India.
| | | | | | - Abdulrhman Fahmi Alali
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, KSU, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohab Amin Kamal
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, KSU, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamshad Alam
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, KSU, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Alrehaili
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, KSU, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dar Tafazul Islam
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Discipline of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, 382355, India; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, 382 010, Gujarat, India
| | - A A Kazmi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Tyagi
- Environmental Hydrology Division, National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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Zuo Y, Shao Y, Wang L, Sun Y, An Y, Jiang LM, Yu N, Hao R, Zhou C, Tao J, Zhou Z. Simultaneous sludge minimization and membrane fouling mitigation in membrane bioreactors by using a microaerobic - Settling pretreatment module. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 328:116977. [PMID: 36495823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling is the major obstacle for membrane bioreactors operated at a long sludge retention time to reduce sludge production. In this study, a sludge process reduction (SPR) module, consisting of a microaerobic tank and a settler, was inserted before an anoxic/oxic MBR (AO-MBR) to achieve dual objectives of fouling alleviation and sludge reduction. Three SPR-MBRs were operated to investigate influences of sludge recirculation ratios from the SPR settler to the microaerobic tank on process performance. Compared to AO-MBR, the SPR-MBRs reduced sludge production by 43.1-56.4% by maintaining sludge retention times above 175 d, and decreased foulant layer resistance and pore clogging resistance. Inserting SPR reduced the accumulation of dissolved organic matters and extracellular polymeric substances, enlarged sludge flocs, and decreased sludge viscoelasticity. However, increasing RSPR stimulated outward diffusion of extracellular polymeric substances and increased sludge viscosity. SPR-MBRs achieved effective sludge reduction by enriching hydrolytic (Trichococcus and Aeromonas) and fermentative genera (Lactococcus, Paludibacter, Macellibacteroides, and Acinetobacter) in the SPR, and alleviated membrane fouling by prohibiting the growth of extracellular polymeric substance-secreting bacteria and enriching filamentous bacteria to enlarge particle size. The results revealed that the SPR-MBR maximized sludge reduction with a very long sludge retention time, and alleviated membrane fouling synchronously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zuo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Yanjun Shao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Shanghai Chengtou Wastewater Treatment Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yiyue Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Ying An
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Lu-Man Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Nan Yu
- Jinluo Water Co., Ltd, Linyi, 276600, China
| | - Rujie Hao
- Jinluo Water Co., Ltd, Linyi, 276600, China
| | - Chuanting Zhou
- Shanghai Urban Construction Design and Research Institute, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Shanghai Chengtou Wastewater Treatment Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Corsino SF, Carabillò M, Cosenza A, De Marines F, Di Trapani D, Traina F, Torregrossa M, Viviani G. Insights on mechanisms of excess sludge minimization in an oxic-settling-anaerobic process under different operating conditions and plant configurations. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137090. [PMID: 36334748 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present research, insights about the mechanisms of excess sludge minimization occurring in an oxic-settling-anaerobic (OSA) were provided. The investigation involved two systems operating in parallel. In particular, a conventional activated sludge (CAS) system as control and a system implementing the OSA process both having a pre-denitrification scheme were considered. Five periods (P1-P5) were studied, during which several operating conditions and configurations were tested. Specifically, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the anaerobic reactor of the OSA system (P1 8 h, P2-P3 12 h, P4 8 h, P5 12 h) and the return sludge from the anaerobic to the anoxic (scheme A) (P1-P2) or aerobic (scheme B) mainstream reactors (P3-P5) were investigated. The results highlighted that the excess sludge production in the OSA was lower in all the configurations (12-41%). In more detail, the observed yield (Yobs) was reduced from 0.50-0.89 gTSS gCOD-1 (control) to 0.22 -0.34 gTSS gCOD-1 in the OSA process. The highest excess sludge reduction (40%) was achieved when the OSA was operated according to scheme B and HRT of 12 h in the anaerobic reactor (P3). Generally, scheme A enabled the establishment of cell lysis and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) destructuration, leading to a worsening of process performances when high anaerobic HRT (>8 h) was imposed. In contrast, scheme B enabled the establishment of maintenance metabolism in addition to the uncoupling metabolism, while cell lysis and EPS destruction were minimized. This allowed obtaining higher sludge reduction yield without compromising the effluent quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santo Fabio Corsino
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Building 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Michele Carabillò
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Building 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alida Cosenza
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Building 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica De Marines
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Building 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Trapani
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Building 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Traina
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Building 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michele Torregrossa
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Building 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaspare Viviani
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Building 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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6
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Tawfik A, Al-Sayed A, Hassan GK, Nasr M, El-Shafai SA, Alhajeri NS, Khan MS, Akhtar MS, Ahmad Z, Rojas P, Sanz JL. Electron donor addition for stimulating the microbial degradation of 1,4 dioxane by sequential batch membrane bioreactor: A techno-economic approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135580. [PMID: 35810864 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of 1,4 dioxane in wastewater is associated with severe health and environmental issues. The removal of this toxic contaminant from the industrial effluents prior to final disposal is necessary. The study comprehensively evaluates the performance of sequential batch membrane bioreactor (MBR) for treating wastewater laden with 1,4 dioxane. Acetate was supplemented to the wastewater feed as an electron donor for enhancing and stimulating the microbial growing activities towards the degradation of 1,4 dioxane. The removal efficiency of 1,4 dioxane was maximized to 87.5 ± 6.8% using an acetate to dioxane (A/D) ratio of 4.0, which was substantially dropped to 31.06 ± 3.7% without acetate addition. Ethylene glycol, glyoxylic acid, glycolic acid, and oxalic acid were the main metabolites of 1,4 dioxane biodegradation using mixed culture bacteria. The 1,4 dioxane degrading bacteria, particularly the genus of Acinetobacter, were promoted to 92% at the A/D ratio of 4.0. This condition encouraged as well the increase of the main 1,4 dioxane degraders, i.e., Xanthomonadales (12.5%) and Pseudomonadales (9.1%). However, 50% of the Sphingobacteriales and 82.5% of Planctomycetes were reduced due to the inhibition effect of the 1,4 dioxane contaminate. Similarly, the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Nitrospirae was reduced in the MBR at the A/D ratio of 4.0. The results derived from the microbial analysis and metabolites detection at different A/D ratios indicated that acetate supplementation (as an electron donor) maintained an essential role in encouraging the microorganisms to produce the monooxygenase enzymes responsible for the biodegradation process. Economic feasibility of such a MBR system showed that for a designed flow rate of 30 m3∙d-1, the payback period from reusing the treated wastewater would reach 6.6 yr. The results strongly recommend the utilization of mixed culture bacteria growing on acetate for removing 1,4 dioxane from the wastewater industry, achieving dual environmental and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Tawfik
- National Research Centre, Water Pollution Research Department, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Aly Al-Sayed
- National Research Centre, Water Pollution Research Department, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gamal K Hassan
- National Research Centre, Water Pollution Research Department, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Nasr
- Sanitary Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21544, Egypt
| | - Saber A El-Shafai
- National Research Centre, Water Pollution Research Department, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nawaf S Alhajeri
- Department of Environmental Technology Management, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait.
| | - Mohd Shariq Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah, 211, Oman
| | - Muhammad Saeed Akhtar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Patricia Rojas
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Department of Molecular Biology, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Jose L Sanz
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Department of Molecular Biology, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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7
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Ding M, Wang C, Woo Bae S, Yong Ng H. Enhanced nutrient removal and bioenergy production in microalgal photobioreactor following anaerobic membrane bioreactor for decarbonized wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128120. [PMID: 36244603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the nutrient removal, decarbonization potentials, and bioenergy production (i.e., algal biomass and biogas) between a membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) and a sequencing photobioreactor (SPBR) as the post-treatment process of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) for municipal wastewater treatment. All photobioreactors without aeration showed favourable performance on AnMBR effluent polishing and bioenergy production. In comparison, MPBRs achieved higher removal efficiencies with 98.4 %-99.1 % NH4-N and 74.8 %-88.4 % PO4-P removal compared to the SPBRs with 41.1 %-82.0 % NH4-N and 39.6 %-72.9 % PO4-P removal. MPBRs enhanced more nutrient utilization (24.9-49.3 g(N)/(m3·d) and 3.4-8.1 g(P)/(m3·d)) and CO2 assimilation (22.9-43.4 g(C)/(m3·d)), and concentrated more microalgae with 1.58-1.98 g/L higher than the SPBRs. Moreover, the MPBR effectively upgraded the biogas from AnMBR with superior methane percentage of 89.4 %-93.4 % due to its better CO2 biofixation. The MPBR, with better carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous removal and bioenergy production, following AnMBR is an attractive decarbonized technology for future sustainable wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyue Ding
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore
| | - Chuansheng Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - Sung Woo Bae
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - How Yong Ng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; Center for Water Research, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 519087, China.
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8
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Morello R, Di Capua F, Esposito G, Pirozzi F, Fratino U, Spasiano D. Sludge minimization in mainstream wastewater treatment: Mechanisms, strategies, technologies, and current development. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115756. [PMID: 35982561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Excess sludge production in wastewater treatment plants has become an enormous environmental issue worldwide mainly due to the increased efforts towards wastewater purification. Researchers and plant operators are looking for technological solutions to reduce sludge production through the upgrading of existing technologies and configurations or by substituting them with alternative solutions. Several strategies have been identified to reduce sludge production, including the use of biological and physical-chemical methods (or a combination of them) and novel technologies, although many have not been sufficiently tested at full-scale. To select the most suitable system for sludge reduction, understanding the reduction mechanisms, advantages, disadvantages, and the economic and environmental impact of each technology is essential. This work offers a comprehensive and critical overview of mainstream sludge reduction technologies and underlying mechanisms from laboratory to full scale, and describes potential application, configuration, and integration with conventional systems. Research needs are highlighted, and a techno-economic-environmental comparison of the existing technologies is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Morello
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (Di.S.A.A.T), University of Bari, Via Amendola165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Capua
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Pirozzi
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Fratino
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Danilo Spasiano
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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9
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Nadeem K, Alliet M, Plana Q, Bernier J, Azimi S, Rocher V, Albasi C. Modeling, simulation and control of biological and chemical P-removal processes for membrane bioreactors (MBRs) from lab to full-scale applications: State of the art. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151109. [PMID: 34688739 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) removal from the domestic wastewater is required to counter the eutrophication in receiving water bodies and is mandated by the regulatory frameworks in several countries with discharge limits within 1-2mgPL-1. Operating at higher sludge retention time (SRT) and higher biomass concentration than the conventional activated sludge process (CASP), membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are able to remove 70-98% phosphorus without addition of coagulant. In full-scale facilities, enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is assisted by the addition of metal coagulant to ensure >95% P-removal. MBRs are successfully used for super-large-scale wastewater treatment facilities (capacity >100,000 m3d-1). This paper documents the knowledge of P-removal modeling from lab to full-scale submerged MBRs and assesses the existing mathematical models for P-removal from domestic wastewater. There are still limited studies involving integrated modeling of the MBRs (full/super large-scale), considering the complex interactions among biology, chemical addition, filtration, and fouling. This paper analyses the design configurations and the parameters affecting the biological and chemical P-removal in MBRs to understand the P-removal process sensitivity and their implications for the modeling studies. Furthermore, it thoroughly reviews the applications of bio-kinetic and chemical precipitation models to MBRs for assessing their effectiveness with default stoichiometric and kinetic parameters and the extent to which these parameters have been calibrated/adjusted to simulate the P-removal successfully. It also presents a brief overview and comparison of seven (7) chemical precipitation models, along with a quick comparison of commercially available simulators. In addition to advantages associated with chemical precipitation for P-removal, its role in changing the relative abundance of the microbial community responsible for P-removal and denitrification and the controversial role in fouling mitigation/increase are discussed. Lastly, it encompasses several coagulant dosing control systems and their applications in the pilot to full-scale facilities to save coagulants and optimize the P-removal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Nadeem
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Marion Alliet
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Queralt Plana
- Parisian Sanitation Public Service (SIAAP), Direction Innovation, 92700 Colombes, France
| | - Jean Bernier
- Parisian Sanitation Public Service (SIAAP), Direction Innovation, 92700 Colombes, France
| | - Sam Azimi
- Parisian Sanitation Public Service (SIAAP), Direction Innovation, 92700 Colombes, France.
| | - Vincent Rocher
- Parisian Sanitation Public Service (SIAAP), Direction Innovation, 92700 Colombes, France.
| | - Claire Albasi
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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10
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Sodhi V, Singh C, Pal Singh Cheema P, Sharma R, Bansal A, Kumar Jha M. Simultaneous sludge minimization, pollutant and nitrogen removal using integrated MBBR configuration for tannery wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125748. [PMID: 34416656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An advanced operational configuration of anoxic-aerobic moving bed biofilm reactors (AMOMOX process) was experimentally demonstrated to achieve simultaneous sludge yield minimization, pollution and nitrogen removal. The AMOMOX experimentation witnessed considerable variation in process parameters while feed operation changed from synthetic wastewater to real tannery influent. The strict maintenance of operational strategies resulted prominent removal of TCOD, SCOD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen higher upto 93.5%, 94.8%, 95.2% and 88.7% respectively. The nourishment of filamentous microbiota and purposeful promotion of cell-lysis effectively sustained sludge yield restriction. Here, the sludge yield (Yobs) lowering upto 0.51 gVSS/gCOD ultimately turned an overall sludge minimization of 46.8% compared with a parallel-run conventional activated sludge treatment. The observations were further supported by sophisticated instrumental imaging, thermogravimetric analysis and batch digestion test of the sludge pool. The experimental Yobs and corresponding solids retention showed consensus with the reported correlation model and, thus, a modified correlation was tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Sodhi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana City, India.
| | - Charanjit Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana City, India
| | | | - Reena Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, A. B. V. Government Institute of Engineering and Technology, Shimla, India
| | - Ajay Bansal
- Department of Chemical Enginerring, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar City, India
| | - Mithilesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Chemical Enginerring, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar City, India.
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Fida Z, Price WE, Pramanik BK, Dhar BR, Kumar M, Jiang G, Hai FI. Reduction of excess sludge production by membrane bioreactor coupled with anoxic side-stream reactors. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 281:111919. [PMID: 33418384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While cleaning wastewater, biological wastewater treatment processes such as membrane bioreactors (MBR) produce a significant amount of sludge that requires costly management. In the oxic-settling-anoxic (OSA) process, sludge is retained for a temporary period in side-stream reactors with low oxygen and substrate, and then it is recirculated to the main reactor. In this way, excess sludge production is reduced. We studied the influence of the rate of sludge exchange between MBR and side-stream anoxic reactors on sludge yield reduction within MBR. Two MBRs, namely, MBROSA and MBRcontrol, each coupled with separate external anoxic side-stream reactors, were run in parallel for 350 days. Unlike MBRcontrol, MBROSA had sludge exchange with the external reactors connected to it. During the investigation over a sludge interchange rate (SIR) range of 0-22%, an SIR of 11% achieved the highest sludge reduction (58%). Greater volatile solids destruction i.e., bacterial cell lysis and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) destruction occurred at the SIR of 11%, which helped to achieve the highest sludge reduction. The enhanced volatile solids destruction was evident by the release of nutrients in the external anoxic reactors. It was confirmed that the sludge yield reduction was achieved without compromising the wastewater treatment quality, sludge settleability and hydraulic performance of the membrane in MBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulqarnain Fida
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - William E Price
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | | | - Bipro Ranjan Dhar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116, Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Manish Kumar
- Discipline of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Guangming Jiang
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Faisal I Hai
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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12
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Corsino SF, Capodici M, Di Trapani D, Torregrossa M, Viviani G. Combination of the OSA process with thermal treatment at moderate temperature for excess sludge minimization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 300:122679. [PMID: 31901778 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the chance to couple the conventional Oxic Settling Anaerobic (OSA) process with a thermic treatment at moderate temperature (35 °C). The maximum excess sludge reduction rate (80%) was achieved when the plant was operated under 3 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT). Compared with the conventional OSA system, the thermic treatment enabled a further improvement in excess sludge minimization of 35%. The observed yield coefficient decreased from 0.25 gTSS gCOD-1 to 0.10 gTSS gCOD-1 when the temperature in the anaerobic reactor was increased to 35 °C, despite the lower HRT (3 h vs 6 h). Moreover, the thermic treatment enabled the decrease of filamentous bacteria, thereby improving the sludge settling properties. The thermic treatment enhanced the destruction of extracellular polymeric substances and the increase of endogenous decay rate (from 0.64 d-1 to 1.16 d-1) that reduced the biomass active fraction (from 22% to 4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Santo Fabio Corsino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Marco Capodici
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Trapani
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Michele Torregrossa
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaspare Viviani
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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