1
|
Noman S, Tei EA, Athikesavan MM. Year around study of tubular solar still with green almond shells biowaste as energy storage material: energy, economic, and environmental analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:53237-53252. [PMID: 39180657 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34540-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Solar-based desalination is one of the prominent contributors to overcoming the water scarcity problems in desert areas and a major alternative to fossil fuel-based desalination methods. The present study focuses on utilizing green almond shells (green almond shells) as energy storage materials in tubular solar still (TSS) to enhance water productivity, energy efficiency, and economic and environmental analyses. Further, this study discusses the yearly water output, annual energy efficiency, and economic and environmental analyses. Two different TSS were utilized which consists of conventional TSS (CTSS) without any storage materials and modified TSS with the inclusion of green almond shells (MTSS) in the climatic conditions of Chennai, India. The yearly distilled water output from the CTSS and MTSS was evaluated as 512 and 691.2 kg/m2, respectively. The yearly distilled water output from the MTSS is 26% higher when compared to the CTSS. Furthermore, the maximum monthly energy efficiency of the CTSS and MTSS was 14.4 and 19.44%, respectively. The annual energy efficiency of the CTSS and MTSS is 12.6 and 17.02%, respectively. The economic analysis of the system is also carried out, and the findings show that better economic feasibility is achieved in MTSS considering the INR 5 (Indian Rupees) cost of water. The payback period for MTSS was 12 months, while for CTSS it is calculated to be 20 months. Furthermore, CO2 emission and mitigation have also been evaluated, and the results indicate that the utilization of porous material has increased the emission for MTSS, while CO2 mitigation has been significantly higher as compared to the CTSS system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Noman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600 048, India
| | - Emmanuel Agbo Tei
- Mechanical Department, School of Engineering, Cape Coast Technical University, P.O. Box DL50, Cape Coast, West Africa, Ghana
| | - Muthu Manokar Athikesavan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600 048, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Singh D, Singh S, Singh D, Kushwaha J, Mishra V, Patel SK, Tewari S, Giri BS. Sustainable pathways for solar desalination using nanofluids: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117654. [PMID: 37980990 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Water is a fundamental requirement for the survival of human beings. Although water is abundantly available across the globe, access to freshwater still remains a major concern. Most of the water available is saline or brackish, which is not fit for human consumption. Desalination is the optimum solution for production of potable water from saline water. A major shortcoming of conventional desalination technologies is their dependence on fossil fuel that results in environmental degradation, global warming, etc. Therefore, sustainable desalination technology has evolved as a need of hour. Among all renewable energy resources, solar energy is abundantly available and can be potentially harvested. Therefore, solar energy can be used to drive sustainable desalination technologies. A solar still converts saline water into freshwater in a single step using solar energy. But the major drawbacks of solar still are relatively lower efficiency and lower yield. Nanofluids are widely used to overcome these limitations due to their extraordinary and unique properties. This paper critically reviews the recent research performed on the application of nanofluids in solar desalination systems. Methods of nanofluid preparation, their types and properties are also discussed in detail. Application of nanofluids in solar desalination systems is discussed with special attention on performance enhancement of solar stills. Combinations of nanofluids with various other performance enhancement techniques are also considered. The effectiveness of nanofluids in solar stills is found to be dependent majorly on the nature and concentration of the nanofluid used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India.
| | - Sunita Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Rameshwaram Institute of Technology & Management, Lucknow, India
| | - Deepak Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India
| | - Jyoti Kushwaha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India
| | - Vinay Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Board of Technical Education, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Tewari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, USA
| | - Balendu Shekher Giri
- Sustainability Cluster, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rezk H, Olabi A, Abdelkareem MA, Sayed ET. Artificial intelligence as a novel tool for enhancing the performance of urine fed microbial fuel cell as an emerging approach for simultaneous power generation and wastewater treatment. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
|
4
|
Rajasekaran AK, Murugavel Kulandaivelu K. Performance comparison of solar still with inbuilt condenser and agitator over conventional solar still with energy and exergy analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:83378-83388. [PMID: 35763147 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Demand for fresh water increases day by day. Solar desalination is one of the promising technologies to meet this demand in an economical fashion which uses solar still. For the current study, single-basin single-slope conventional solar still and a modified single-basin single-slope solar still with inbuilt condenser and agitator were designed and fabricated. Both the stills were tested under the same ambient conditions to compare the performance. Through experimental results, it was found that modified still with inbuilt condenser and agitator had 98.69% more productivity than conventional solar still. Modified still productivity was recorded as 4.856 L/m2/day and that of conventional still was 2.44 L/m2/day. The agitation effect caused by the agitator in the modified still led to an increase in the rate of evaporation. The increase in condensing area for the same evaporation area of the modified still improved the condensation rate. These two synergized effects resulted in an overall performance improvement of the modified still over the conventional still. An energy analysis revealed that modified still is 24.42% more efficient than its counterpart. The energy efficiency of modified and conventional stills was calculated as 4.82% and 2.04% respectively.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharon H, Vivar M, Fuentes M. A review on role of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in enhancing sustainable water production capacity of solar distillation units. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 320:115781. [PMID: 35944319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable production of potable water is one of the United Nations sustainable development goals set for 2030. Among available renewable energy resources, solar energy is abundantly available in most of the fresh water scarce rural and remote locations. Moreover, solar distillation units and solar photovoltaic (PV) modules have been acknowledged as suitable candidates for addressing rising fresh water and electricity demands in these regions. In recent years, researchers have proposed a number of novel hybrid solar distillation units where the solar PV modules are integrated with solar thermal distillation units in different ways to harvest both electric power and potable water. In this work, a detailed review highlighting the classification, working principle, performance and features of these novel hybrid units have been carried out. In most of these hybrid units, integration is highly beneficial for solar thermal distillation units rather than for PV modules. Direct utilization of PV module as absorber, condenser and reflector in solar stills has few drawbacks. However, indirect utilization like utilizing electric power and waste heat energy recovered from PV module in distillation units has posed significant distillate yield enhancement up to 300.0%. In some cases, the integrated PV module has even generated sufficient power for carrying out essential domestic activities. Integrated PV module's performance has also improved significantly in few studies but the magnitude of improvement has not been disclosed clearly in most of the studies as more focus has been given to distillation units rather than PV modules. However, these novel hybrid configurations have not been fully explored & optimized and their techno-enviro-economic aspects have not yet been disclosed in these available precious literatures and they are still available as a potential research gap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Sharon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy (IIPE) Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - M Vivar
- Grupo IDEA, EPS Linares, Universidad de Jaén, Linares, 23700, Spain
| | - M Fuentes
- Grupo IDEA, EPS Linares, Universidad de Jaén, Linares, 23700, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Santoro S, Avci AH, Politano A, Curcio E. The advent of thermoplasmonic membrane distillation. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6087-6125. [PMID: 35789347 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater scarcity is a vital societal challenge related to climate change, population pressure, and agricultural and industrial demands. Therefore, sustainable desalination/purification of salty/contaminated water for human uses is particularly relevant. Membrane distillation is an emerging hybrid thermal-membrane technology with the potential to overcome the drawbacks of conventional desalination by a synergic exploitation of the water-energy nexus. Although membrane distillation is considered a green technology, efficient heat management remains a critical concern affecting the cost of the process and hindering its viability at large scale. A multidisciplinary approach that involves materials chemistry, physical chemistry, chemical engineering, and materials and polymer science is required to solve this problem. The combination of solar energy with membrane distillation is considered a potentially feasible low-cost approach for providing high-quality freshwater with a low carbon footprint. In particular, recent discoveries about efficient light-to-heat conversion in nanomaterials have opened unprecedented perspectives for the implementation of sunlight-based renewable energy in membrane distillation. The integration of nanofillers enabling photothermal effects into membranes has been demonstrated to be able to significantly enhance the energy efficiency without impacting on economic costs. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview on the state of the art, the opportunities, open challenges and pitfalls of the emerging field of solar-driven membrane distillation. We also assess the peculiar physicochemical properties and synthesis scalability of photothermal materials, as well as the strategies for their integration into polymeric nanocomposite membranes enabling efficient light-to-heat conversion and freshwater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Santoro
- University of Calabria - Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Cubo 44 A, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende CS, Italy.
| | - Ahmet H Avci
- University of Calabria - Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Cubo 44 A, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende CS, Italy.
| | - Antonio Politano
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila (AQ), Italy.
| | - Efrem Curcio
- University of Calabria - Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Cubo 44 A, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende CS, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tavakoli A, Rahimi K, Saghandali F, Scott J, Lovell E. Nanofluid preparation, stability and performance for CO 2 absorption and desorption enhancement: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 313:114955. [PMID: 35405543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the importance of capturing CO2 has increased due to the necessity of minimizing climate change and the detrimental effects of CO2 emissions from industrial processes. CO2 absorption, as one of the most mature carbon capture technologies, has been improved by introducing nanosized particles into liquid absorbents. Nanofluids have been the subject of interest in many studies recently due to their tremendous impact on absorption. This review comprehensively examines the CO2 absorption behavior for nanofluids through the investigation of different absorption systems. Potential mechanisms for improving the absorption/regeneration performance of nanoabsorbents as well as the synergistic effects of physicochemical properties of nanofluids, such as viscosity and density on CO2 capture behavior, are reviewed. Nanofluid enhancement factors in terms of absorption rate and capacity towards CO2 are also compiled. Mathematical models, which have been proposed for calculating mass transfer coefficient and mass diffusivity, are comprehensively outlined. The paper discusses conventional methods for nanofluid preparation affecting the physicochemical properties of nanofluids. Strategies for enhancing nanofluid stability, as well as approaches to examine their stability are discussed. Finally, nanoparticle concentration, types and size of them, and selection of the base liquid absorbent as the key factors influencing the CO2 removal process by nanofluids, are considered in this paper, as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Tavakoli
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Rahimi
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Farzin Saghandali
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jason Scott
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Emma Lovell
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arunkumar T, Sathyamurthy R, Denkenberger D, Lee SJ. Solar distillation meets the real world: a review of solar stills purifying real wastewater and seawater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:22860-22884. [PMID: 35060059 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18720-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Solar energy-driven evaporation-based freshwater production is one of the sustainable ways to purify contaminated/salty water. Recent advances in solar absorbers' assemblies, design modifications, and integrations with heating sources improved the rate of freshwater productivity. However, the type of feed water affects the evaporation rate in a solar desalination system (SDS). Many studies used tap water with added contaminants to test the performance of a SDS and studied the water quality improvement. As a typical result, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (µS/cm) are reduced after solar evaporation. The performance of SDSs for real wastewaters are also important to understand, e.g., the reduction of high organic pollutants after solar evaporation. In this aspect, the main objective of the present work is to review solar distillation of real wastewaters and seawater by using SDSs. Further, the mechanism of a solar distiller with heat transfer principles, parameters affecting evaporation process, real wastewaters and seawaters purified in a solar distillation system, improvement of various parameters before and after solar evaporation, pathways of handling wastewaters, challenges, and future perspectives are discussed. Conclusively, SDSs are found to remove pollutants effectively after solar evaporation. The evaporation rate is relatively slower due to high concentration of pollutants that reduce vapor pressure. The COD removal of various real wastewaters, including sludge, kitchen, textile, palm oil, petroleum, water plant, and municipal wastewaters, was 98.13%, 97.85%, 96.84%, 96.71%, 87.99%, 86.99%, and 85.67%, respectively. The reduction rate of salt concentration in real seawater after evaporation in the solar distiller was 99.99%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravishankar Sathyamurthy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Arasur, , Coimbatore, 641407, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - David Denkenberger
- Mechanical Engineering and the Alaska Center for Energy and Power, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xie L, Liu X, Caratenuto A, Tian Y, Chen F, DeGiorgis JA, Wan Y, Zheng Y. Environmentally Friendly and Efficient Hornet Nest Envelope-Based Photothermal Absorbers. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:34555-34562. [PMID: 34963940 PMCID: PMC8697394 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage is a critical global issue that threatens human health, environmental sustainability, and the preservation of Earth's climate. Desalination from seawater and sewage is a promising avenue for alleviating this stress. In this work, we use the hornet nest envelope material to fabricate a biomass-based photothermal absorber as part of a desalination isolation system. This system realizes an evaporation rate of 3.98 kg m-2 h-1 under one-sun illumination, with prolonged evaporation rates all above 4 kg m-2 h-1. This system demonstrates a strong performance of 3.86 kg m-2 h-1 in 3.5 wt % saltwater, illustrating its effectiveness in evaporation seawater. Thus, with its excellent evaporation rate, great salt rejection ability, and easy fabrication approach, the hornet nest envelope constitutes a promising natural material for solar water treatment applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Xie
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Andrew Caratenuto
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yanpei Tian
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Fangqi Chen
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Joseph A. DeGiorgis
- Department
of Biology, Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island 02918, United States
- Whitman
Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Yinsheng Wan
- Department
of Biology, Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island 02918, United States
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Arunkumar T, Raj K, Kabeel AE, Lee SJ. Effects of solar geometry and operation period on stability of solar desalination systems: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:65014-65032. [PMID: 34611805 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sun is the primary source of life on the earth. The heating effect of the sun provides a more fruitful environment for mankind. In addition, solar energy in the form of thermal radiation has been utilized for solar thermal applications and space heating. With abundant solar radiation, the emergence of the solar desalination has been emerged as a viable solution for water purification by utilizing solar stills. However, solar-powered distillation is relatively a slow process due to the requirement of bulk heating. To suppress thermal conduction to bulk water, various photothermal materials were employed. However, there are many governing parameters which influence the productivity, including solar intensity, cloud, wind, ambient air temperature, humidity, solar absorption of blackened surface, depth of bulk water, feed water type, angle of condensation surface, water film thickness, underneath the condensing surface, and experiment period. Further, systematic and continuous experiments for extended periods are essential for determining the stability and durability of a solar desalination system. The main objective of this article is to review all the experimental studies conducted for two months at minimum up to 1-year duration. In addition, all the SDSs handled in this study further were examined by solar geometrical factors, including day length (DL) and position of the sun or zenith angle (θz). As a result, the sunshine hours, day length, and the solar zenith angle play an important role in the water evaporation rate. Lower solar zenith angle and longer day length (more sunshine hours) are desirable for higher water productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thirugnanasambantham Arunkumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Kaiwalya Raj
- Institute for Energy Studies, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600 025, India
| | - Abd-Elnaby Kabeel
- Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Faculty of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Metal–air batteries are a promising technology that could be used in several applications, from portable devices to large-scale energy storage applications. This work is a comprehensive review of the recent progress made in metal-air batteries MABs. It covers the theoretical considerations and mechanisms of MABs, electrochemical performance, and the progress made in the development of different structures of MABs. The operational concepts and recent developments in MABs are thoroughly discussed, with a particular focus on innovative materials design and cell structures. The classical research on traditional MABs was chosen and contrasted with metal–air flow systems, demonstrating the merits associated with the latter in terms of achieving higher energy density and efficiency, along with stability. Furthermore, the recent applications of MABs were discussed. Finally, a broad overview of challenges/opportunities and potential directions for commercializing this technology is carefully discussed. The primary focus of this investigation is to present a concise summary and to establish future directions in the development of MABs from traditional static to advanced flow technologies. A systematic analysis of this subject from a material and chemistry standpoint is presented as well.
Collapse
|
12
|
Shahsavar A, Jamei M, Karbasi M. Experimental evaluation and development of predictive models for rheological behavior of aqueous Fe3O4 ferrofluid in the presence of an external magnetic field by introducing a novel grid optimization based-Kernel ridge regression supported by sensitivity analysis. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
13
|
Son HS, Soukane S, Lee J, Kim Y, Kim YD, Ghaffour N. Towards sustainable circular brine reclamation using seawater reverse osmosis, membrane distillation and forward osmosis hybrids: An experimental investigation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112836. [PMID: 34052611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Desalination and wastewater treatment technologies require an effective solution for brine management to ensure environmental sustainability, which is closely linked with efficient process operations, reduction of chemical dosages, and valorization of brines. Within the scope of desalination brine reclamation, a circular system consisting of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO), membrane distillation (MD), and forward osmosis (FO) three-process hybrid is investigated. The proposed design increases water recovery from SWRO brine (by MD) and dilutes concentrated brine to seawater level (by FO) for SWRO feed. It ultimately reduces SWRO process brine disposal and improves crystallization efficiency for a zero-liquid discharge application. The operating range of the hybrid system is indicated by a seawater volumetric concentration factor (VCF) ranging from 1.0 to 2.2, which covers practical and sustainable operation in full-scale applications. Within the proposed VCF range, different operating conditions of the MD and FO processes were evaluated in series with concentrated seawater as well as real SWRO brine from a full-scale desalination plant. Water quality and membrane surface were analyzed before and after experiments to assess the impact of the SWRO brine. Despite their low concentration (0.13 mg/L as phosphorous), antiscalants present in SWRO brine alleviated the flux decline in MD operations by 68.3% compared to operations using seawater concentrate, while no significant influence was observed on the FO process. A full spectrum of water quality analysis of real SWRO brine and Red Sea water is made available for future SWRO brine reclamation studies. The operating conditions and experimental results have shown the potential of the SWRO-MD-FO hybrid system for a circular brine reclamation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Soo Son
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sofiane Soukane
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Junggil Lee
- Thermal & Fluid System R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan, 331-822, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Deuk Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Noreddine Ghaffour
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Advances in building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems for residential and commercial purposes are set to minimize overall energy requirements and associated greenhouse gas emissions. The BIPV design considerations entail energy infrastructure, pertinent renewable energy sources, and energy efficiency provisions. In this work, the performance of roof/façade-based BIPV systems and the affecting parameters on cooling/heating loads of buildings are reviewed. Moreover, this work provides an overview of different categories of BIPV, presenting the recent developments and sufficient references, and supporting more successful implementations of BIPV for various globe zones. A number of available technologies decide the best selections, and make easy configuration of the BIPV, avoiding any difficulties, and allowing flexibility of design in order to adapt to local environmental conditions, and are adequate to important considerations, such as building codes, building structures and loads, architectural components, replacement and maintenance, energy resources, and all associated expenditure. The passive and active effects of both air-based and water-based BIPV systems have great effects on the cooling and heating loads and thermal comfort and, hence, on the electricity consumption.
Collapse
|
15
|
Enhancement of solar still productivity using CuO-GO nanocomposite: An experimental approach. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
16
|
Sayed ET, Wilberforce T, Elsaid K, Rabaia MKH, Abdelkareem MA, Chae KJ, Olabi AG. A critical review on environmental impacts of renewable energy systems and mitigation strategies: Wind, hydro, biomass and geothermal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:144505. [PMID: 33421793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The annual growth of global energy demand and the associated environmental impacts (EIs) has an important role in the large sustainable and green global energy transition. Renewable energy systems have been attracting substantial economic, environmental, and technical attention throughout the last decade, while some have been in the market for almost a century. However, even renewable energy may negatively affect the environment, which is widely considered much less harsh than fossil energy resources. This, in return, requires more consideration and appropriate precautions to be taken. This work discusses the environmental impacts (EIs) of small and medium-sized wind, hydro, biomass, and geothermal power systems. The approach goes through all stages from planning and conception to construction and installation and throughout service life and decommissioning. For various circumstances and technically and ecologically viable guidelines for their effect on natural resources and wildlife, clear and comprehensive solutions have been given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enas Taha Sayed
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Egypt; Center for Advanced Materials Research, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tabbi Wilberforce
- Mechanical Engineering and Design, Aston University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Khaled Elsaid
- Chemical Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3122, USA
| | - Malek Kamal Hussien Rabaia
- Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Egypt; Center for Advanced Materials Research, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Kyu-Jung Chae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, South Korea.
| | - A G Olabi
- Mechanical Engineering and Design, Aston University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Elsaid K, Olabi AG, Wilberforce T, Abdelkareem MA, Sayed ET. Environmental impacts of nanofluids: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:144202. [PMID: 33385840 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanofluids (NFs) have been expanding their applications in many areas as high-performance heat transfer fluid (HTF) for heating and cooling purposes. This is mainly due to the improved thermophysical properties relative to the base fluid (BF). The addition of nanoparticles (NPs) to BF, to obtain NFs, increases the thermal conductivity, hence better heat transfer properties and thermal performance. The properties of NFs can be considered somehow intermediate between those of the BF and the added solid NPs. The improved heat transfer using NFs results in increased energy conversion efficiency, which results in reduced energy consumption for heating or cooling applications. BF and their environmental impacts (EIs) have been widely discussed within the scope of their applications as a HTF, with most of the attention given to the improved energy efficiency. The IEs of NPs and their toxicity and other characteristics have been extensively studied due to the widespread applications on newly engineered NPs. However, with the evolution of expanding the applications of NFs, the different EIs were not well addressed. The discussion should consider both the base fluid and NPs added in combination as the NF constitutes. The current work presents a brief discussion on the EIs of NFs. The discussion presented in this work considers the NPs as the primary contributor to the EIs of different NFs. It was found that the EIs of NFs depend significantly on the type of NP used, followed by the BF, and finally, the loading of NPs in BF. The use of non-toxic and naturally occurring NPs at lower NPs loading in water as NF promises a much lower EIs in terms of toxicity energy requirements for production, and other EIs, while still maintaining high thermal performance. The production methods of both NPs, i.e., synthesis route, and NF, i.e., one-step or two-step, were found to have a significant effect on the associated EIs of the produced NF. The simpler NP synthesis route and NF production will result in much lower chemicals and energy requirements, which in turn reduce the EIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Elsaid
- Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3122, USA.
| | - A G Olabi
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Tabbi Wilberforce
- Mechanical Engineering and Design, Aston University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Egypt
| | - Enas Taha Sayed
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|