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Yu Q, Yu Z, Song X, Cao X, Jiang W, Chu Y. The synthesis of an acrylamide copolymer and its synergistic effects on clay flocculation of red tide organisms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 332:117326. [PMID: 36764213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The modified clay (MC) method is a common emergency treatment technology for red tides, and the selection of surface modifiers is the key to the MC technology. A cationic polymeric modifier, the copolymer of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and acrylamide (P (DMDAAC-co-AM), PDA) was optimized via a visible-light-induced polymerization technique. The PDA-modified clay (PDAMC) was prepared with strong salt tolerance and achieved efficiencies of 86% at the concentration of 50 mg L-1, and the dose was 90% lower than that of aluminum polychloride-modified clay (PACMC). While polyacrylamide and commercial PDA can achieve efficiencies of only 25 and 67%, respectively, but high doses were required. This is because PDA changed the surface charges of clay particles from negative to positive, which promotes the formation of the polymer-chains bridging network to overcome the difficulties of curling in seawater. According to the analysis of flocculation parameters and spatial conformation of PDAMC, the high salinity tolerance of the PDAMC was attributed to the synergistic processes of charge neutralization and the three-dimensional network bridging. Therefore, this study has developed a highly effective flocculant material used in seawater and provided an important reference for the management of red tide organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Shandong, Qingdao, 266042, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhiming Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiuxian Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xihua Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenbin Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Yanyang Chu
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Shandong, Qingdao, 266042, China
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Du X, Yuan J, Cao H, Ye L, Ma A, Du J, Pan J. Ultrasound-assisted micellar cleanup coupled with large-volume-injection enrichment for the analysis of polar drugs in blood and zebrafish samples. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 85:105998. [PMID: 35378462 PMCID: PMC8980499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel ultrasound-assisted micellar cleanup strategy (UAMC) coupled with large volume injection (LVI) high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was proposed and successfully applied to the analysis of cefathiamidine in complex biological samples such as whole blood, plasma, serum and even zebrafish, a challenging positive real sample. Based on the micelle-biomacromolecule interaction, the phase-separation feature of surfactant micelles and ultrasound cavitation, UAMC possessed an impressive matrix cleanup capability and could rapidly reach distribution equilibrium (approximately 2 min), which enabled simultaneous sample cleanup and analyte extraction within 8 min. Due to the high cleanup efficiency of UAMC, large volume of pretreated samples could be injected for analysis without peak broadening, impurity interference and column degradation. Thus, online analyte enrichment could be automatically performed to significantly improve method sensitivity by the column-switching LVI-HPLC system, a commercial HPLC system with small modifications. The UAMC-LVI-HPLC method creatively integrated sample cleanup, analyte extraction and on-column enrichment into simple operation. In addition, the UAMC-LVI-HPLC method enabled non-matrix-matched analysis of cefathiamidine in complex biological samples. This feature was helpful to address the problems caused by conventional matrix-matched or internal standard calibration methods, such as matrix bias, increased workload, limited availability of suitable blank matrices and the use of expensive internal standards. The method had low limits of detections (e.g., 0.0051 mg/L and 0.038 μg/g), wide linear ranges (0.030-100 mg/L and 0.15-489 μg/g), good linear correlation (R2 = 0.9999), satisfactory accuracy (97.6-109.7%) and excellent intra- and interday precision (0.5-4.9%). Thus, UAMC-LVI-HPLC is expected to be a promising candidate for bioanalysis in therapeutic drug monitoring or pharmacokinetic and toxicology studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Du
- Hygiene Detection Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahao Yuan
- Hygiene Detection Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongjie Cao
- Hygiene Detection Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Ye
- Hygiene Detection Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ande Ma
- Hygiene Detection Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Du
- Hygiene Detection Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jialiang Pan
- Hygiene Detection Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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