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Mao J, Chen H, Xu X, Zhu L. Assessing greenhouse gas emissions from the printing and dyeing wastewater treatment and reuse system: Potential pathways towards carbon neutrality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172301. [PMID: 38599411 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The urgency of achieving carbon neutrality needs a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the textile industry. Printing and dyeing wastewater (PDWW) plays a crucial role in the textile industry. The incomplete assessment of GHG emissions from PDWW impedes the attainment of carbon neutrality. Here, we firstly introduced a more standardized and systematic life-cycle GHG emission accounting method for printing and dyeing wastewater treatment and reuse system (PDWTRS) and proposed possible low-carbon pathways to achieve carbon neutrality. Utilizing case-specific operational data over 12 months, the study revealed that the PDWTRS generated 3.49 kg CO2eq/m3 or 1.58 kg CO2eq/kg CODrem in 2022. This exceeded the GHG intensity of municipal wastewater treatment (ranged from 0.58 to 1.14 kg CO2eq/m3). The primary contributor to GHG emissions was energy consumption (33 %), with the energy mix (sensitivity = 0.38) and consumption (sensitivity = 0.33) exerting the most significant impact on GHG emission intensity respectively. Employing prospective life cycle assessment (LCA), our study explored the potential of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) to reduce emissions by 0.54 kg CO2eq/m3 and the solar-driven photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR) to decrease by 0.20 kg CO2eq/m3 by 2050. Our projections suggested that the PDWTRS could achieve net-zero emissions before 2040 through an adoption of progressive transition to low-carbon management, with a GHG emission intensity of -0.10 kg CO2eq/m3 by 2050. Importantly, the study underscored the escalating significance of developing sustainable technologies for reclaimed water production amid water scarcity and climate change. The study may serve as a reminder of the critical role of PDWW treatment in carbon reduction within the textile industry and provides a roadmap for potential pathways towards carbon neutrality for PDWTRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaer Mao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan 314100. China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Abyar H, Nowrouzi M. A comprehensive framework for eco-environmental impact evaluation of wastewater treatment plants: Integrating carbon footprint, energy footprint, toxicity, and economic assessments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119255. [PMID: 37847937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The need for clear and straightforward guidelines for carbon footprint (CFP) and energy footprint (EFP) evaluations is critical due to the non-transparent and misleading results that have been reported. This study aims to address this gap by integrating CFP, EFP, toxicity, and economic assessments to evaluate the eco-environmental impacts of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The results indicate that the total CFP was below 0.6 kg CO2/kg COD removed, which is attributed to CO2 offset and biogas recovery. However, site-specific EFP varied considerably from 482.7 to 2294 kgCO2/kWh due to design differences of WWTPs and their aeration and mixing energy demand (46.96-66.1%). The use of crude oil and natural gas for electricity generation significantly increased EFP, CFP, and carcinogenic human toxicity. In contrast, a combined heat and power (CHP) installation enabled energy recovery ranging from 12.09% to 65.65%. Construction costs dominated the highest share of total costs (85.43%), with indirect construction costs (42.9%) and operation labor costs (61.4%) being the primary elements in the total net costs. It is worth noting that site-specific CO2 emission factors were used in the calculations to decrease model uncertainty. However, to improve modeling reliability, we recommend modifying the regional CO2 emission factor and focusing on emerging technologies to recover energy and biogas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Abyar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 49189-43464, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Nowrouzi
- Department of Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169-13798, Iran.
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Elangovan B, Detchanamurthy S, Senthil Kumar P, Rajarathinam R, Deepa VS. Biotreatment of Industrial Wastewater using Microalgae: A Tool for a Sustainable Bioeconomy. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00971-0. [PMID: 37999921 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Fresh water is one of the essential sources of life, and its requirement has increased in the past years due to population growth and industrialization. Industries use huge quantities of fresh water for their processes, and generate high quantities of wastewater rich in organic matter, nitrates, and phosphates. These effluents have contaminated the freshwater sources and there is a need to recycle this wastewater in an ecologically harmless manner. Microalgae use the nutrients in the wastewater as a medium for growth and the biomass produced are rich in nutrition that can cater growing food and energy needs. The primary and secondary metabolites of microalgae are utilized as biofuel and as active ingredients in cosmetics, animal feed, therapeutics, and pharmaceutical products. In this review, we explore food processing industries like dairy, meat, aquaculture, breweries, and their wastewater for the microalgal growth. Current treatment methods are expensive and energy demanding, which indirectly leads to higher greenhouse gas emissions. Microalgae acts as a potential biotreatment tool and mitigates carbon dioxide due to their high photosynthetic efficiency. This review aims to address the need to recycle wastewater generated from such industries and potentiality to use microalgae for biotreatment. This will help to build a circular bioeconomy by using wastewater as a valuable resource to produce valuable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Elangovan
- R&D, Seagrass Tech Pvt. Ltd, Karaikal, 609604, Puducherry, India
| | | | - P Senthil Kumar
- Centre for Pollution Control and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, 605014, Puducherry, India.
| | - Ravikumar Rajarathinam
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600062, India
| | - Vijaykumar Sudarshana Deepa
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Tadepalligudem, 534101, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Abyar H, Nowrouzi M. Trickling filter systems for sustainable water supply: An evaluation of eco-environmental burdens and greenhouse gas emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:117011. [PMID: 37648187 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the global water crisis, the significant potential of trickling filter systems as a crucial auxiliary option for sustainable water supply has received insufficient attention. Therefore, this study presents the first-ever evaluation of the environmental impacts of trickling filter application in wastewater treatment, focusing on eco-environmental burdens. Additionally, the study explores greenhouse gas emissions, energy, and exergy footprints, providing novel insights into the environmental implications of using trickling filters for wastewater treatment. The study's findings indicate that the consumption of heat and electricity in trickling filters has significant environmental impacts, particularly on land use (93.24%), freshwater/marine eutrophication (∼81.98%), and human health (45.36%). The majority of the energy required for trickling filter operation is supplied by fossil fuels (96.02%), resulting in increased greenhouse gas emissions (65.58%). The exergy of trickling filters is highly efficient, accounting for over 95% of the system's energy. Mathematical modeling reveals that anaerobic digestion and secondary clarifier have the highest energy consumption, with contributions of 94.65% and 2.63%, respectively. Construction expenses account for almost 88% of the total cost, with anaerobic digestion (42.15%) and trickling filters (35.39%) being the most costly components. The cost of treating 1 m3 of wastewater is estimated at 0.52 $/m3. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that electricity (14.66%) and heat (18.65%) significantly impact terrestrial ecotoxicity and land use, respectively. This study presents a framework for future investigations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Abyar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 49189-43464, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Nowrouzi
- Department of Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169-13798, Iran.
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Nowrouzi M, Abyar H, Rohani S. A comparison of nitrogen removal systems through cost-coupled life cycle assessment and energy efficiency analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159787. [PMID: 36309255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The global water crisis reflects the necessity of exploring the best approaches for the water supply. Therefore, for the first time, the current study compares nitrogen removal systems (NRSs) from life cycle assessment (LCA), economic, kinetic, thermodynamic, and synergistic perspectives. The assessed systems were sequential batch reactor (SBR), oxic/anoxic (OA), and oxic/anaerobic/oxic (OAO) bioreactors. Among all, the SBR configuration showed the best efficiency (98.74 %) for nitrogen removal. The environmental impacts notably presented by marine + freshwater ecotoxicity (53.76 %), and climate change categories (16.39 %), significantly because of metal emissions. Non-renewable sources supplied 95 % of total energy demand. The operation of NRSs showed the most impact on human health (63.67 %) through CH4 and CO2 emissions. The total costs significantly belonged to the construction (<86.37 %) > amortization> operation. The influent COD illustrated the most role in environmental burdens (16.44 %) based on the sensitivity analysis. The removal reaction was endothermic, physical, non-spontaneous, and followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 > 0.98). The chemical exergy provided the major portion of the total calculated exergy (83 %). The exergetic efficiency of the system was 69 %, which was predominantly supplied by biogas (∼50.75 %). Accordingly, this study can present a stepwise guideline for further related investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Nowrouzi
- Department of Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169-13798, Iran.
| | - Hajar Abyar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49189-43464, Iran.
| | - Sohrab Rohani
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
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A picture fuzzy set-based decision support system for treatment technologies prioritization of petroleum refinery effluents: A circular water economy transition towards oil & gas industry. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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