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Igwegbe CA, Kozłowski M, Wąsowicz J, Pęczek E, Białowiec A. Nitrogen Removal from Landfill Leachate Using Biochar Derived from Wheat Straw. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:928. [PMID: 38399179 PMCID: PMC10890371 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Landfill leachate (LLCH) disposal poses challenges due to high pollutant concentrations. This study investigates the use of biochar (BC) derived from wheat straw for nitrogen content reduction. Laboratory experiments evaluated BC's adsorption capacity (qm) for nitrogen removal from ammonium chloride solution (NH4Cl) and LLCH, along with testing isotherm models. The results demonstrated that BC was more efficient (95.08%) than commercial activated carbon AC (93.11%), the blank, in adsorbing nitrogen from NH4Cl. This superior performance of BC may be attributed to its higher carbon content (57.74%) observed through elemental analysis. Lower results for BC/LLCH may be due to LLCH's complex chemical matrix. The Langmuir isotherm model best described BC/NH4Cl adsorption (qm = 0.5738 mg/g). The AC/NH4Cl data also fitted into the Langmuir (R2 ˃ 0.9) with a qm of 0.9469 mg/g, and 26.667 mg/g (R2 ˂ 0.9) was obtained for BC/LLCH; the BC/LLCH also gave higher qm (R2 ˃ 0.9) using the Jovanovich model (which also follows Langmuir's assumptions). The mean energy of the adsorption values estimated for the AC/NH4Cl, BC/NH4Cl, and BC/LLCH processes were 353.55, 353.55, and 223.61 kJ/mol, respectively, suggesting that they are all chemisorption processes and ion exchange influenced their adsorption processes. The Freundlich constant (1/n) value suggests average adsorption for BC/LLCH. The BC/LLCH data followed the Harkins-Jura model (R2: 0.9992), suggesting multilayered adsorption (or mesopore filling). In conclusion, biochar derived from wheat straw shows promising potential for landfill leachate remediation, offering efficient nitrogen removal capabilities and demonstrating compatibility with various adsorption models. This research also lays the groundwork for further exploration of other biochar-based materials in addressing environmental challenges associated with landfill leachate contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37A Str., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (C.A.I.); (J.W.); (E.P.); (A.B.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka 420218, Nigeria
| | - Michał Kozłowski
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37A Str., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (C.A.I.); (J.W.); (E.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Jagoda Wąsowicz
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37A Str., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (C.A.I.); (J.W.); (E.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Edyta Pęczek
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37A Str., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (C.A.I.); (J.W.); (E.P.); (A.B.)
- Selena Industrial Technologies sp. z o.o., Pieszycka 3 Str., 58-200 Dzierżoniów, Poland
| | - Andrzej Białowiec
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37A Str., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (C.A.I.); (J.W.); (E.P.); (A.B.)
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Viotti P, Marzeddu S, Antonucci A, Décima MA, Lovascio P, Tatti F, Boni MR. Biochar as Alternative Material for Heavy Metal Adsorption from Groundwaters: Lab-Scale (Column) Experiment Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:809. [PMID: 38399060 PMCID: PMC10890072 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this manuscript is to present a review of laboratory experiments (including methodology and results) that use biochar, a specific carbon obtained by a pyrolysis process from different feedstocks, as an alternative material for heavy metal adsorption from groundwater. In recent years, many studies have been conducted regarding the application of innovative materials to water decontamination to develop a more sustainable approach to remediation processes. The use of biochar for groundwater remediation has particularly attracted the interest of researchers because it permits the reuse of materials that would be otherwise disposed of, in accordance with circular economy, and reduces the generation of greenhouse gases if compared to the use of virgin materials. A review of the different approaches and results reported in the current literature could be useful because when applying remediation technologies at the field scale, a preliminary phase in which the suitability of the adsorbent is evaluated at the lab scale is often necessary. This paper is therefore organised with a short description of the involved metals and of the biochar production and composition. A comprehensive analysis of the current knowledge related to the use of biochar in groundwater remediation at the laboratory scale to obtain the characteristic parameters of the process that are necessary for the upscaling of the technology at the field scale is also presented. An overview of the results achieved using different experimental conditions, such as the chemical properties and dosage of biochar as well as heavy metal concentrations with their different values of pH, is reported. At the end, numerical studies useful for the interpretation of the experiment results are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Viotti
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Marzeddu
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Antonucci
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - María Alejandra Décima
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Lovascio
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Tatti
- National Centre of Waste and Circular Economy, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Boni
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
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Tan L, Nie Y, Chang H, Zhu L, Guo K, Ran X, Zhong N, Zhong D, Xu Y, Ho SH. Adsorption performance of Ni(II) by KOH-modified biochar derived from different microalgae species. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130287. [PMID: 38181998 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae biochar is potential adsorbents to remove heavy metals from wastewater due to abundant functional groups, high porosity and wide sources, but performance is not fully developed since it depends on microalgae species attributing to distinct morphology and biomass compositions. Here, two microalgae species Chlorella Pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus Obliquus were used for biochar preparation via KOH-modification, biochar properties and their influences on Ni(II) adsorption were investigated. Ni(II) adsorption performances responding to biochar properties and operating conditions were upgraded via progressive optimization and response surface methodology. Together, adsorption isotherms and kinetics were analyzed to obtain significant factors for Ni(II) removal. As results, 100 % of Ni(II) removal was achieved under 100 mg/L initial Ni(II) concentration as pH was higher than the biochar zero-charge point of 6.87 with low biochar dosage (0.5 g/L), which provides an efficient approach for heavy metal removal from wastewater with microalgae biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yudong Nie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Haixing Chang
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Liandong Zhu
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Kehong Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xiongwei Ran
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Nianbing Zhong
- Intelligent Fiber Sensing Technology of Chongqing Municipal Engineering Research Center of Institutions of Higher Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Fiber Optic Sensor and Photodetector, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Dengjie Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Yunlan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Yang K, Zeng Q, Le L, Ran H, Liu D. Acid treatment for enhancing Hg 0 removal efficiency of chlorine-loaded biochar: mechanism and kinetic analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:4897-4909. [PMID: 38110679 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Adsorbents modified solely with chlorine have limited effectiveness in removing mercury at high temperatures. This study aims to investigate the influence of various acid (HNO3, H2SO4, and H2O2) loadings on the removal efficiency of mercury from NH4Cl-modified adsorbents. The objective is to develop rice straw carbon adsorbents that are both more efficient and cost-effective. The experiments were conducted on a fixed bed experimental platform, with SEM and BET to observe the physical property changes of the modified char samples. XPS analysis was employed to analyze the effects of oxygen, chlorine, and sulfur functional groups. Additionally, a kinetic model was used to investigate the interaction mechanism between the adsorbent and mercury. The findings demonstrate that co-modification surpasses the use of NH4Cl alone, with the combination of NH4Cl and HNO3 yielding the best results. Co-modification enhances the development of a more refined and compact pore structure on the char surface, promoting the physical adsorption of mercury. Moreover, an increased presence of chlorine and oxygen functional groups is observed on the char surface, particularly in the NH4Cl and HNO3 co-modified samples, further enhancing the chemical adsorption capacity of the char. The results from the kinetic analysis support this conclusion. Furthermore, the adsorption process of Hg0 relies on both external mass transfer and chemical adsorption, with the chemical adsorption process playing a more significant role as the controlling factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- Advanced Combustion Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Hui Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
- Advanced Combustion Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Kang Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- Advanced Combustion Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Qingshan Zeng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- Advanced Combustion Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Lingyan Le
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- Advanced Combustion Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Hengyuan Ran
- Huaneng Pengzhou Thermal Power Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 611939, China
| | - Dong Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- Advanced Combustion Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
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Leong YK, Chang JS. Microalgae-based biochar production and applications: A comprehensive review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 389:129782. [PMID: 37742815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, a solid carbonaceous substance synthesized from the thermochemical degradation of biomass, holds significant potential in addressing global challenges such as soil degradation, environmental pollution, and climate change. Its potential as a carbon sequestration agent, together with its versatile applications in soil amendments, pollutant adsorption, and biofuel production, has garnered attention. On the other hand, microalgae, with their outstanding photosynthetic efficiency, adaptability, and ability to accumulate carbohydrates and lipids, have demonstrated potential as emerging feedstock for biochar production. However, despite the significant potential of microalgal biochar, our current understanding of its various aspects, such as the influence of parameters, chemical modifications, and applications, remains limited. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of microalgae-based biochar, covering topics such as production techniques, pollutant removal, catalytic applications, soil amendments, and synthesis of carbon quantum dots to bridge the existing knowledge gap in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong Kit Leong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan.
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