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Ren H, Xia Z, Yao L, Qin G, Zhang Y, Xu H, Wang Z, Cheng J. Investigation on ozone formation mechanism and control strategy of VOCs in petrochemical region: Insights from chemical reactivity and photochemical loss. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169891. [PMID: 38190918 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
To investigate disparities in VOCs pollution characteristics, O3 generation activity, and source apportionment outcomes resulting from photooxidation, online monitoring of 106 VOCs was conducted in Jinshan District, Shanghai from April to October 2020. The observed VOCs concentrations (VOCs-obs) were 47.1 ppbv and 59.2 ppbv for clear days (CD) and O3-polluted days (OPD), respectively. The increase in daytime concentrations of alkenes is a significant factor contributing to the enhanced atmospheric photochemical activity during the OPD period, corroborated by VOCs-loss, ozone formation potential (OFP), propy-equiv concentration, and LOH. The sensitivity analysis of O3-NOx-VOCs indicated that O3 formation was in a transitional regime towards NOx-limited conditions. The results of positive matrix factorization (PMF) demonstrated that refining and petrochemicals (20.8-25.0 %), along with oil and gas evaporation (15.6-16.7 %) were the main sources of VOCs concentrations. Notably, source apportionment based on VOCs-obs underestimated the contributions from sources of reactive components. It is worth highlighting that the sunlight impact & background source was identified as the major contributor to LOH (21.6 %) and OFP (25.3 %), signifying its significant role in O3 formation. This study reiterates the importance of controlling reactive VOC components to mitigate O3 pollution and provides a scientific foundation for air quality management, with emphasis on priority species and controlling sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarui Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhongyan Xia
- Fengxian District Environmental Monitoring Station, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Lingbo Yao
- Fengxian District Environmental Monitoring Station, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Guimei Qin
- Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200540, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Tianjin Product Quality Inspection Technology Research Institute, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinping Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Liu Y, Yin S, Zhang S, Ma W, Zhang X, Qiu P, Li C, Wang G, Hou D, Zhang X, An J, Sun Y, Li J, Zhang Z, Chen J, Tian H, Liu X, Liu L. Drivers and impacts of decreasing concentrations of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Beijing during 2016-2020. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167847. [PMID: 37844645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
China has implemented various policies and measures for controlling air pollutants. However, our knowledge of the long-term trends in ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) after the implementation of these action plans in China remains limited. To address this, we conducted a five-year analysis (2016-2020) of VOC compositions and concentrations in Beijing. The annual VOC concentration decreased from 44.0 ± 28.8 to 26.2 ± 16.4 ppbv, with alkanes being the most prevalent group. The annual average concentrations of alkenes, alkynes, and aromatics have experienced a significant decrease of over 50 %. Seasonal variations indicated higher VOC concentrations in winter and autumn, with more significant reductions observed in winter and autumn. The impact of meteorological conditions caused variations in VOC reductions during the Chinese Spring Festival. Satellite-based measurements of formaldehyde (HCHO) columns confirmed the reduction of VOC emissions during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) lockdown. The normalized annual average VOC concentration decreased by 2.9ppbv yr-1 from 2016 to 2020, and emission reduction contributed to 58.8 % of VOC reduction from 2016 to 2020 after meteorological normalization, indicating the effectiveness of implemented control measures. Based on receptor model, vehicle emissions and industrial sources were identified as the largest contributors to VOC concentrations. Vehicle emissions, liquefied petroleum gas/natural gas (LPG/NG) use, and coal combustion were major drivers of VOC reduction. Potential source region analysis revealed that air masses transported from northwestern and southern regions significantly contributed to VOC concentrations in Beijing. The range of source regions shrunk in both northwestern and southern regions with the reduction in VOC concentrations. The annual variations of ozone formation potential indicated a significant decrease in VOC reactivities through emission control. These results could provide insights into future emission control and coordinated efforts to improve PM2.5 and ozone levels in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shijie Yin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Siqing Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peipei Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chenlu Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guangpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongli Hou
- Ecology Environment Monitoring Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Ecology Environment Monitoring Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Junling An
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ziyin Zhang
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hezhong Tian
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Lianyou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Zhang H, Tong S, Zhang W, Xu Y, Zhai M, Guo Y, Li X, Wang L, Tang G, Liu Z, Hu B, Liu C, Liu P, Sun X, Mu Y, Ge M. A comprehensive observation on the pollution characteristics of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in Beijing, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166852. [PMID: 37717750 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is a typical secondary photochemical product in the atmospheric environment with significant adverse effects on human health and plant growth. In this study, PAN and other pollutants, as well as meteorological conditions were observed intensively from August to September in 2022 at a typical urban sampling site in Beijing, China. The mean and maximum PAN concentrations during the observation period were 1.00 ± 0.97 ppb and 4.84 ppb, respectively. Severe photochemical pollution occurred during the observation period, with the mean PAN concentration about 3.1 times higher than that during the clean period. There was a good positive correlation between O3 and PAN, and their correlation was higher during the O3 exposure period than that during the clean period. The simulated results by box-model coupled with the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM v3.3.1) showed that the O3-related reactions were the largest sources of OH radicals during O3 exposure period, which was conducive to the co-contamination of PAN and O3. Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) and methylglyoxal (MGLY) were the largest OVOCs precursors of peroxyacetyl radicals (PA), with the contributions to the total PA generated by OVOCs about 67 % - 83 % and 17 % - 30 %, respectively. The reduction of emissions from liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and solvent usage has the highest reduction effect on PAN and O3, followed by the control of gasoline vehicle exhaust emissions. This study deepens the understanding of the PAN photochemistry in urban areas with high O3 background conditions and the impact of anthropogenic activities on the photochemical pollution. Meanwhile, the findings of this study highlight the necessity of strengthening anthropogenic emissions control to effectively reduce the co-contamination of PAN and O3 in Beijing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Shengrui Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Yanyong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Mingzhu Zhai
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yucong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Guiqian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zirui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Bo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Chengtang Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Xu Sun
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; Beijing Urban Ecosystem Research Station State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Yujing Mu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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Ren HH, Cheng Y, Wu F, Gu ZL, Cao JJ, Huang Y, Xue YG, Cui L, Zhang YW, Chow JC, Watson JG, Zhang RJ, Lee SC, Wang YL, Liu S. Spatiotemporal characteristics of ozone and the formation sensitivity over the Fenwei Plain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163369. [PMID: 37030366 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
High surface ozone (O3) levels affect human and environmental health. The Fenwei Plain (FWP), one of the critical regions for China's "Blue Sky Protection Campaign", has reported severe O3 pollution. This study investigates the spatiotemporal properties and the causes of O3 pollution over the FWP using high-resolution data from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) from 2019 to 2021. This study characterizes spatial and temporal variations in O3 concentration by linking O3 columns and surface monitoring using a trained deep forest machine learning model. O3 concentrations in summer were 2-3 times higher than those found in winter due to higher temperatures and greater solar irradiation. The spatial distributions of O3 correlate with the solar radiation showing decreased trends from the northeastern to the southwestern FWP, with the highest O3 values in Shanxi Province and the lowest in Shaanxi Province. For urban areas, croplands and grasslands, the O3 photochemistry in summer is NOx-limited or in the transitional regime, while it is VOC-limited in winter and other seasons. Reducing NOx emissions would be effective for decreasing O3 levels in summer, while VOC reductions are necessary for winter. The annual cycle in vegetated areas included both NOx-limited and transitional regimes, indicating the importance of NOx controls to protect ecosystems. The O3 response to limiting precursors shown here is of importance for optimizing control strategies and is illustrated by emission changes during the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Ren
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Y Cheng
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics and State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xi'an, China.
| | - F Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics and State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xi'an, China
| | - Z L Gu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - J J Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics and State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xi'an, China
| | - Y G Xue
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics and State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xi'an, China
| | - L Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics and State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xi'an, China
| | - Y W Zhang
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - J C Chow
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA
| | - J G Watson
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA
| | - R J Zhang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S C Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Research Center for Environmental Technology and Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y L Wang
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - S Liu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China; Qingyang Eco-Environment Bureau of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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