1
|
Wang C, Jia L, Jin Y, Qin S. Study on regeneration mechanism of composite adsorbent by Mg-MOF-74-based modified biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:173944. [PMID: 38880137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, composite adsorbent was prepared from biochar and Mg-MOF-74 by in-situ growth method to investigate regeneration mechanism. The effects of O2 and temperature on regeneration characteristics were investigated by CO2 adsorption properties and characterization techniques, and the optimal regeneration conditions were determined. Regeneration mechanism of adsorbent was revealed by adsorption kinetics and elemental valence analysis. The related wave function parameters were calculated based on DFT to reveal the repair mechanism of the failed oxidation sites from the microscopic level. The mechanism of CO2 adsorption by the repaired oxidation sites was explored based on the regenerated adsorption configuration. It was found that the regeneration performance of the adsorbent exhibited a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of O2 concentration and temperature, and the optimal regeneration conditions were determined to be 5 % O2 concentration and 200 °C. At optimal regeneration conditions, a synergistic interaction between O2 and poly-metals was generated to enhance the adsorbent polarity. O2 also reacted with the adsorbent in a redox reaction to produce new oxygen-containing functional groups and cause pore expansion, the mass transfer and diffusion was enhanced. The oxidation site adsorbed O2 to undergo electron rearrangement and release the adsorbed CO2. Due to the nature of common orbital hybridization between metals, the metals underwent conjugation and synergistic effects with O2 to form tetrahedral co-coordination structures with lower energies. The electron density and electric field effects of the system were enhanced. The former enhanced interaction with CO2 to form carbonate. The latter increased the activity of the neighboring N atom, which in turn generated a stable ring structure with carbonate, and CO2 adsorption was enhanced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxing Wang
- College of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yan Jin
- College of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Shuning Qin
- College of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stojanović J, Milojević-Rakić M, Bajuk-Bogdanović D, Ranđelović D, Sokić M, Otašević B, Malenović A, Ležaić AJ, Protić A. Chemometrically-aided general approach to novel adsorbents studies: Case study on the adsorption of pharmaceuticals by the carbonized Ailanthus altissima leaves. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34841. [PMID: 39149065 PMCID: PMC11325374 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
A chemometrically based approach was applied to select the most efficient drug adsorbent among the biochars obtained from the novel feedstock, the leaves of the invasive plant (Ailanthus altissima). The representative target adsorbates (atenolol, paracetamol, ketorolac and tetracycline) were selected on the basis of their physicochemical properties to cover a wide chemical space, which is the usual analytical challenge. Their adsorption was investigated using design of experiments as a comprehensive approach to optimise the performance of the adsorption system, rationalise the procedure and overcome common drawbacks. Among the response surface designs, the central composite design was selected as it allows the identification of important experimental factors (solid-to-liquid ratio, pH, ionic strength) and their interactions, and allows the selection of optimal experimental conditions to maximise adsorption performance. The biochars were prepared by pyrolysis at 500 °C and 800 °C (BC-500 and BC-800) and the ZnCl2-activated biochars were prepared at 650 °C and 800 °C (AcBC-650 and AcBC-800). The FTIR spectra revealed that increasing the pyrolysis temperature without activator decreases the intensity of all bands, while activation preserves functional groups, as evidenced by the spectra of AcBC-650 and AcBC-800. High temperatures during activation promoted the development of an efficient surface area, with the maximum observed for AcBC-800 reaching 347 m2 g-1. AcBC-800 was found to be the most efficient adsorbent with removal efficiencies of 34.1, 51.3, 55.9 and 38.2 % for atenolol, paracetamol, ketorolac and tetracycline, respectively. The models describing the relationship between the removal efficiency of AcBC-800 and the experimental factors studied, showed satisfactory predictive ability (predicted R2 > 0.8) and no significant lack-of-fit was observed. The results obtained, including the mathematical models, the properties of the adsorbates and the adsorbents, clearly indicate that the adsorption mechanisms of activated biochars are mainly based on hydrophobic interactions, pore filling and hydrogen bonding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jevrem Stojanović
- Department of Drug Analysis, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Milojević-Rakić
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Bajuk-Bogdanović
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Ranđelović
- Sector for metallurgical technology and environmental protection, Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Bulevar Franš d'Eperea 86, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Sokić
- Sector for metallurgical technology and environmental protection, Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Bulevar Franš d'Eperea 86, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Otašević
- Department of Drug Analysis, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anđelija Malenović
- Department of Drug Analysis, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Janošević Ležaić
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Instrumental Methods, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Protić
- Department of Drug Analysis, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang A, Jia B, Wang H, Zhou Q. Experimental Study on the Dielectric Properties of Coal In Situ with Variable Temperatures. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:19481-19492. [PMID: 38708268 PMCID: PMC11064208 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the mapping relationship between the temperature and the dielectric parameters of coal and rock under variable temperatures as well as to determine the characteristics of a dielectric anomaly response. Experiments were performed using lignite, nonstick coal, gas coal, coking coal, and anthracite. The evolution of pyrolysis characteristics, microcrystal structure, and dielectric properties with changing temperature was investigated, and the changes in the dielectric parameters of coal and rock were comprehensively analyzed. As such, the cause of the dielectric anomaly with changing temperatures of coal and rock was revealed. The results show that the dielectric properties of coal at different pyrolysis temperatures are closely related to the degree of intermolecular thermal motion, the evolution of microcrystal structure, and the mechanism of polarization response. In the low-temperature stage, the thermal motion of coal molecules is weak and exhibits electronic polarization, and the dielectric parameters change slightly with temperature while being dependent on the moisture content. In the high-temperature pyrolysis stage, the intense molecular thermal motion leads to the breaking of chemical bonds and the release of volatiles; moreover, the distance between aromatic layers of coal decreases, the order of aromatic structure increases, the dipole turning polarization is the main polarization type, and the dielectric response is obvious. When the pyrolysis reaction is basically complete, the dielectric constants of the five coal samples reach the maximum. As the temperature increases continuously, the coal structure is destroyed by the weakening of the thermal motion of the coal molecules and the accumulation of thermal stress; meanwhile, the dielectric constant decreases gradually, while the dielectric loss and tangent of dielectric loss increase rapidly. At the same temperature, the dielectric constant decreases with an increase in test frequency. These results lay a foundation for the inversion of dielectric data in fire areas of coal mines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An Zhang
- College
of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning
Technical University, Huludao, Liaoning 125105, China
- Key
Laboratory of Mine Thermo-motive Disaster and Prevention Ministry
of Education, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao, Liaoning 125105, China
| | - Baoshan Jia
- College
of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning
Technical University, Huludao, Liaoning 125105, China
- Key
Laboratory of Mine Thermo-motive Disaster and Prevention Ministry
of Education, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao, Liaoning 125105, China
| | - Huiyao Wang
- College
of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning
Technical University, Huludao, Liaoning 125105, China
- Key
Laboratory of Mine Thermo-motive Disaster and Prevention Ministry
of Education, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao, Liaoning 125105, China
| | - Qinai Zhou
- College
of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning
Technical University, Huludao, Liaoning 125105, China
- Key
Laboratory of Mine Thermo-motive Disaster and Prevention Ministry
of Education, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao, Liaoning 125105, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Buratto WG, Muniz RN, Nied A, Barros CFDO, Cardoso R, Gonzalez GV. A Review of Automation and Sensors: Parameter Control of Thermal Treatments for Electrical Power Generation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:967. [PMID: 38339684 PMCID: PMC10856863 DOI: 10.3390/s24030967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This review delves into the critical role of automation and sensor technologies in optimizing parameters for thermal treatments within electrical power generation. The demand for efficient and sustainable power generation has led to a significant reliance on thermal treatments in power plants. However, ensuring precise control over these treatments remains challenging, necessitating the integration of advanced automation and sensor systems. This paper evaluates the pivotal aspects of automation, emphasizing its capacity to streamline operations, enhance safety, and optimize energy efficiency in thermal treatment processes. Additionally, it highlights the indispensable role of sensors in monitoring and regulating crucial parameters, such as temperature, pressure, and flow rates. These sensors enable real-time data acquisition, facilitating immediate adjustments to maintain optimal operating conditions and prevent system failures. It explores the recent technological advancements, including machine learning algorithms and IoT integration, which have revolutionized automation and sensor capabilities in thermal treatment control. Incorporating these innovations has significantly improved the precision and adaptability of control systems, resulting in heightened performance and reduced environmental impact. This review underscores the imperative nature of automation and sensor technologies in thermal treatments for electrical power generation, emphasizing their pivotal role in enhancing operational efficiency, ensuring reliability, and advancing sustainability in power generation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Gouvêa Buratto
- Electrical Engineering Graduate Program, Department of Electrical Engineering, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Joinville 89219-710, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ninno Muniz
- Electrical Engineering Graduate Program, Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Production Engineering Graduate Program, Department of Science and Technology, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Rio das Ostras 28895-532, Brazil
| | - Ademir Nied
- Electrical Engineering Graduate Program, Department of Electrical Engineering, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Joinville 89219-710, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico de Oliveira Barros
- Production Engineering Graduate Program, Department of Science and Technology, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Rio das Ostras 28895-532, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Cardoso
- Production Engineering Graduate Program, Department of Science and Technology, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Rio das Ostras 28895-532, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pełech I, Sibera D, Staciwa P, Sobczuk KS, Narkiewicz U. Influence of Potassium-Based Activation on Adsorptive Properties of Carbon Spheres Modified with Iron(III) Citrate. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5227. [PMID: 37569932 PMCID: PMC10420046 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Composites synthesized from iron(III) citrate and carbon spheres, and activated with potassium compounds were prepared and then characterized using XRD, SEM, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption methods. The adsorption properties of the composites toward carbon dioxide were assessed using CO2 uptake measurement, as well as by measuring their selectivity toward carbon dioxide, given their further application as photocatalysts for the reduction of this gas. The effect of changing preparation conditions on the structural and adsorption properties of the material was assessed. The potential strength of such material is a synergistic effect between the high adsorption capacity related to the microporosity of carbon spheres combined with the catalytic properties of iron particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Pełech
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland; (D.S.); (P.S.); (K.S.S.); (U.N.)
| | - Daniel Sibera
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland; (D.S.); (P.S.); (K.S.S.); (U.N.)
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, al. Piastów 50a, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Staciwa
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland; (D.S.); (P.S.); (K.S.S.); (U.N.)
| | - Konrad S. Sobczuk
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland; (D.S.); (P.S.); (K.S.S.); (U.N.)
| | - Urszula Narkiewicz
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland; (D.S.); (P.S.); (K.S.S.); (U.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou X, Jin H, Li N, Ma X, Ma Z, Lu P, Yao X, Chen S. New Process Combining Fe-Based Chemical Looping and Biomass Pyrolysis for Cogeneration of Hydrogen, Biochar, Bio-Oil and Electricity with In-Suit CO 2 Separation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062793. [PMID: 36985767 PMCID: PMC10051635 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fe-based chemical looping gasification is a clean biomass technology, which has the advantage of reducing CO2 emissions and the potential of self-sustaining operation without supplemental heating. A novel process combining Fe-based chemical looping and biomass pyrolysis was proposed and simulated using Aspen Plus. The biomass was first subjected to pyrolysis to coproduce biochar, bio-oil and pyrolysis gas; the pyrolysis gas was subjected to an Fe looping process to obtain high-purity hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The influences of the pyrolysis reactor operating temperature and fuel reactor operation temperature, and the steam reactor and air reactor on the process performance are researched. The results showed that, under the operating condition of the established process, 23.07 kg/h of bio-oil, 24.18 kg/h of biochar, 3.35 kg/h of hydrogen and a net electricity of 3 kW can be generated from 100 kg/h of rice straw, and the outlet CO2 concentration of the fuel reactor was as high as 80%. Moreover, the whole exergy efficiency and total exergy loss of the proposed process was 58.98% and 221 kW, respectively. Additionally, compared to biomass direct chemical looping hydrogen generation technology, the new process in this paper, using biomass pyrolysis gas as a reactant in the chemical looping hydrogen generation process, can enhance the efficiency of hydrogen generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhou
- College of Engineering, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Huilong Jin
- College of Engineering, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Na Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low Rank Carbon Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Huhhot 010051, China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Zichuan Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Pei Lu
- College of Engineering, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, School of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Shenna Chen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Study on the Influence of the Preparation Method of Konjac Glucomannan-Silica Aerogels on the Microstructure, Thermal Insulation, and Flame-Retardant Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041691. [PMID: 36838679 PMCID: PMC9967830 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides with high viscosity, good thermal stability, and biocompatibility can improve the mechanical properties of inorganic silica aerogels and enhance their application safety. However, the effects of the preparation methods of polysaccharide-silica aerogels on their microstructure and application properties have not been systematically studied. To better investigate the effect of the microstructure on the properties of aerogel materials, two aerogels with different structures were prepared using Konjac glucomannan (KGM) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) via physical blending (KTB) and co-precursor methods (KTC), respectively. The structural differences between the KTB and KTC aerogels were characterized, and the thermal insulation and fire-retardant properties were further investigated. The compressive strength of the KTC aerogels with a cross-linked interpenetrating network (IPN) structure was three times higher than that of the KTB aerogels, while their thermal conductivity was 1/3 of that of the KTB aerogels. The maximum limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the KTC aerogels was 1.4 times, the low peak heat release rate (PHRR) was reduced by 61.45%, and the lowest total heat release (THR) was reduced by 41.35% compared with the KTB aerogels. The results showed that the KTC aerogels with the IPN have better mechanical properties, thermal insulation, and fire-retardant properties than the simple physically blending KTB aerogels. This may be due to the stronger hydrogen-bonding interactions between KGM and silica molecules in the KTC aerogels under the unique forcing effect of the IPN, thus enhancing their structural stability and achieving complementary properties. This work will provide new ideas for the microstructure design of aerogels and the research of new thermal insulation and fire-retardant aerogels.
Collapse
|