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Mu X, Zhan J, Liu L, Yao Z, Zhu Y, Yu B, Song L. Highly Efficient Phosphazene-Derivative-Based Flame Retardant with Comprehensive and Enhanced Fire Safety and Mechanical Performance for Polycarbonate. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3206. [PMID: 38998289 PMCID: PMC11242893 DOI: 10.3390/ma17133206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Polycarbonate (PC) as a widely used engineering plastic that shows disadvantages of flammability and large smoke production during combustion. Although many flame-retardant PCs have been developed, most of them show enhanced flame retardancy but poor smoke suppression or worsened mechanical performance. In this work, a novel nitrogen-phosphorus-sulfur synergistic flame retardant (Pc-FR) was synthesized and incorporated into PC with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The extremely low content of PC-FR (0.1-0.5 wt%) contributes significantly to the flame retardancy, smoke suppression and mechanical performance of PC. PC/0.3 wt% Pc-FR/0.3 wt% PTFE (PC-P0.3) shows the UL-94 V-0 and LOI of 33.5%. The PHRR, THR, PSPR, PCO and TCO of PC-P0.3 decreased by 39.44%, 14.38%, 17.45%, 54.75% and 30.61%, respectively. The impact strength and storage modulus of PC-P0.1 increased by 7.7 kJ/m2 and 26 MPa, respectively. The pyrolysis mechanism of PC-P0.3 is also revealed. The pyrolysis mechanism of PC-P0.3 is stochastic nucleation and subsequent growth and satisfies the Aevrami-Erofeev equation. The reaction order of PC-P0.3 is 1/2. The activation energy of PC-P0.3 is larger than PC-0, which proves that the Pc-FR can suppress the pyrolysis of the PC. This work offers a direction on how to design high-performance PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jing Zhan
- School of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhongyi Yao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yulu Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Zhong Y, Zhou T, Wei S, Tang Z, Li C, Ding Y. Kinetic reaction mechanism of lignocellulosic biomass oxidative pyrolysis based on combined kinetics. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:120055. [PMID: 38184868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The kinetics knowledge of lignocellulosic biomass decomposition is essential to develop efficient thermochemical conversion technology. However, the simplification of reaction mechanisms in existing oxidative pyrolysis studies largely compromises the application of kinetic models. To explore more exact kinetic parameters and reaction mechanism of lignocellulosic biomass oxidative pyrolysis, an updated oxidative pyrolysis kinetic model (seven-step reaction combined kinetics model) coupled with an optimization algorithm is proposed. Based on a series of thermogravimetric experiments in an air atmosphere, the extra oxidative pyrolysis kinetic parameters are obtained by the Shuffled Complex Evolution method. The proposed kinetic model is validated based on the degradation process of each component (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin). Furthermore, the obtained kinetic parameters are applied to predict the oxidative pyrolysis behavior, and the predicted mass loss rate is in good agreement with the experimental data. Eventually, according to the key combined kinetics parameters, it is found that the oxidative pyrolysis mechanisms of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin correspond to the power law, nucleation & growth, and chemical reaction order, respectively, while the combustion of char corresponds to the reaction order mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhong
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Institute for Natural Disaster Risk Prevention and Emergency Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Siwei Wei
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhentao Tang
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Changhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yanming Ding
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Institute for Natural Disaster Risk Prevention and Emergency Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Wang Y, Chen N, Zhou B, Zhou X, Pu B, Bai J, Tang Q, Liu Y, Yang W. NH 3-Induced In Situ Etching Strategy Derived 3D-Interconnected Porous MXene/Carbon Dots Films for High Performance Flexible Supercapacitors. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:231. [PMID: 37851182 PMCID: PMC10584800 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
2D MXene (Ti3CNTx) has been considered as the most promising electrode material for flexible supercapacitors owing to its metallic conductivity, ultra-high capacitance, and excellent flexibility. However, it suffers from a severe restacking problem during the electrode fabrication process, limiting the ion transport kinetics and the accessibility of ions in the electrodes, especially in the direction normal to the electrode surface. Herein, we report a NH3-induced in situ etching strategy to fabricate 3D-interconnected porous MXene/carbon dots (p-MC) films for high-performance flexible supercapacitor. The pre-intercalated carbon dots (CDs) first prevent the restacking of MXene to expose more inner electrochemical active sites. The partially decomposed CDs generate NH3 for in situ etching of MXene nanosheets toward 3D-interconnected p-MC films. Benefiting from the structural merits and the 3D-interconnected ionic transmission channels, p-MC film electrodes achieve excellent gravimetric capacitance (688.9 F g-1 at 2 A g-1) and superior rate capability. Moreover, the optimized p-MC electrode is assembled into an asymmetric solid-state flexible supercapacitor with high energy density and superior cycling stability, demonstrating the great promise of p-MC electrode for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu, 610200, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu, 610200, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben Pu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Bai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.
- Research Institute of Frontier Science, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.
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Liu J, Chen F, Song Y, Chen Y, Zhang F. Construction of a Highly Selective Enrichment, Ionization, and Detection Platform Based on a Broad-Spectrum Antibody. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37449836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) allows direct analysis of various raw food samples with minimal or no sample pretreatment, but the trace analytes in complex food samples still have problems with limitations. In this work, we developed a platform based on coated stainless steel sheet spray mass spectrometry for fast, in situ, high-throughput, and high selectivity multiresidue analysis of fluoroquinolone drugs (FQs). The sensitivity of the platform was enhanced via coupling broad-spectrum antibodies against FQs to graphene oxide coated blade spray (CBS)-MS through a streptavidin-biotin (SA-biotin) interaction. The prepared platform had sufficient loading capacity for SA (1.37 mg/piece) and the antibody (84.8 μg/piece), which is greater than that of physical mixing and the EDC/NHS covalent coupling strategy. With simplified sample pretreatment, this platform demonstrated comparable sensitivity to high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) (0.08-0.16 ng/mL in phosphate-buffered saline and 0.21-0.32 ng/mL in diluted milk). Meanwhile, compared with HPLC-MS/MS, the method is rapid (enrichment: 10 min, detection: <1 min) and acceptable recoveries (81.94-102.08%) can be obtained. The presence of analytes can be monitored by MS/MS spectra, and multiple analytes can be measured simultaneously in a single assay. This study is expected to provide a powerful and portable tool for rapid laboratory analysis and reliable screening in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
- State Administration Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Fengming Chen
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
- State Administration Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yang Song
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
- State Administration Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
- State Administration Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100176, China
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