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Zhang T, Han J, Dong L, Liu D, Jiao F, Qin W, Liu W. Innovative methodology for comprehensive utilization of arsenic-bearing neutralization sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120148. [PMID: 38306856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic-bearing neutralization (ABN) sludge is a classical hazardous waste commonly found in nonferrous metallurgy. However, the current storage of these hazardous wastes not only has to pay costly hazardous waste taxes but also poses significant risks to both the environment and human health. To address these issues and achieve the comprehensive utilization and minimization of ABN sludge, this study proposes a new combined process. The process involves selective reduction roasting, leaching, and carbonation, through which, the arsenate and gypsum in the ABN sludge were recovered in the form of As(s), high-purity CaCO3, and H2S. The selective reduction behaviors of arsenate and gypsum were investigated through thermodynamic analysis and roasting experiments. The results indicated that the 95.35 % arsenate and 96.55 % gypsum in the sludge were selectively reduced to As4(g) and CaS at 950 °C by carbothermic reduction. The As4(g) was condensed to As(s) and enriched in the dust (As, 96.78 wt %). In the leaching process, H2S gas was adopted to promote the leaching of CaS, and resulted in 97.41 % of CaS in the roasted product was selectively leached in the form of Ca(HS)2, leading to a 74.11 % reduction in the weight of the ABN sludge. Then, the Ca(HS)2 was subjected to capture CO2 for the separation of Ca2+ and S2-. The result depicted that 99.69 % of Ca2+ and 99.12 % of S2- were separated as high-purity (99.12 wt %) CaCO3 and H2S (24.89 vol %) by controlling the terminal carbonation pH to below 6.55. The generated H2S can be economically converted to sulfur by the Clause process. The whole process realized the comprehensive resource recovery and the minimization of the sludge, which provides an alternative solution for the clean treatment of hazardous ABN waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Separation and Enrichment of Strategic Mineral Resources, Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Junwei Han
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liuyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Separation and Enrichment of Strategic Mineral Resources, Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Dianwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Separation and Enrichment of Strategic Mineral Resources, Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China.
| | - Fen Jiao
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenqing Qin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Liu J, Wang C, Hou X, Li H, Wang X, Hu W, Ge T, Zhang J, Zhu G, Xie H. Extraction of W, V, and As from spent SCR catalyst by alkali pressure leaching and the pressure leaching mechanism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119107. [PMID: 37801947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Spent selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts are environmentally hazardous and resource-enriching. In this work, V, W, and As in a spent SCR catalyst was extracted by alkali pressure leaching. Results showed that the V, W, and As were loaded on the anatase TiO2 crystal grains as amorphous oxides. The optimum pressure leaching conditions were NaOH concentration of 20 wt%, reaction temperature of 180 °C, reaction time of 120 min, L/S of 10 mL/g, and stirring speed of 300 rpm. The leaching efficiency of W, V, and As reached 98.83%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. The experiment revealed the preferential leaching of V and As rather than W, and the leaching mechanisms of V, W, and As were studied through experiment and density functional theory (DFT). The leaching kinetics of W conformed to a variant of the shrinking core model and the leaching process of W is controlled by both chemical reactions and diffusion processes. During the leaching process, Na2Ti2O4(OH)2 product powder layer was generated, which affects the mass transfer of W. The destruction of the TiO2 skeleton in the spent SCR catalyst is essential for adequate W extraction, especially for the extraction of W embedded in the TiO2 lattice. The DFT simulation result indicated that the V and As loaded onto the TiO2 support are easier to absorb hydroxide ions rather than W, and the leaching reaction energy of V and As was lower than W, As, and V has leaching priority over the leaching of W. Furthermore, an anatase TiO2 photocatalyst with the {001} crystal surface exposed was successfully prepared from the alkali pressure leaching residue. This work provides theoretical support for the metal leaching and utilization of spent SCR catalysts via alkali pressure leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenye Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xinjuan Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huiquan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xingrui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenbin Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Te Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ganyu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd. Y2, 2nd Floor, Building 2, Xixi Legu Creative Pioneering Park, No. 712 Wen'er West Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R.O.C
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