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Lu Z, Yu C, Liu H, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Chen Y. Application of New Polymer Soil Amendment in Ecological Restoration of High-Steep Rocky Slope in Seasonally Frozen Soil Areas. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1821. [PMID: 39000676 PMCID: PMC11244453 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In seasonally frozen soil areas, high-steep rocky slopes resulting from open-pit mining and slope cutting during road construction undergo slow natural restoration, making ecological restoration generally challenging. In order to improve the problems of external soil attachment and long-term vegetation growth in the ecological restoration of high-steep rocky slopes in seasonally frozen areas, this study conducted a series of experiments through the combined application of polyacrylamide (PAM) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to assess the effects of soil amendments on soil shear strength, water stability, freeze-thaw resistance, erosion resistance, and vegetation growth. This study showed that the addition of PAM-CMC significantly increased the shear resistance and cohesion of the soil, as well as improving the water stability, freeze-thaw resistance, and erosion resistance, but the internal friction angle of the soil was not significantly increased after reaching a certain content. Moderate amounts of PAM-CMC can extend the survival of vegetation, but overuse may cause soil hardening and inhibit vegetation growth by limiting air permeability. It was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that the gel membrane formed by PAM-CMC helped to "bridge" and bind the soil particles. After discussion and analysis, the optimum application rate of PAM-CMC was 3%, which not only improved the soil structure but also ensured the growth of vegetation in the later stage under the optimum application rate. Field application studies have shown that 3% PAM-CMC-amended soil stably attaches to high-steep rocky slopes, with stable vegetation growth, and continues to grow after five months of freeze-thaw action, with no need for manual maintenance after one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengkang Lu
- College of Jilin Emergency Management, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Chenglong Yu
- College of Jilin Emergency Management, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Huanan Liu
- School of Prospecting and Surveying, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130021, China; (H.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China;
| | - Yichen Zhang
- College of Jilin Emergency Management, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Jilin Emergency Management, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Yancheng Chen
- School of Prospecting and Surveying, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130021, China; (H.L.); (Y.C.)
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Guo S, Xia L, Xia D, Li M, Xu W, Liu L. Enhancing plant resilience: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi's role in alleviating drought stress in vegetation concrete. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1401050. [PMID: 38974980 PMCID: PMC11224527 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1401050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Drought stress usually inhibits plant growth, which may increase the difficulty of greening slopes. Methods In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the growth and drought tolerance of two plant species, Festuca elata and Cassia glauca, in a vegetation concrete environment by exogenously inoculating AM fungi and setting three drought levels: well water, moderate drought and severe drought. The results showed that plant growth was significantly inhibited under drought stress; however, AM fungi inoculation significantly promoted plant height, root length, and above- and belowground biomass in these two plant species. Results Compared with, those in the CK treatment, the greatest increases in the net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in the AM treatment group were 36.72%, 210.08%, and 66.41%, respectively. Moreover, inoculation with AM fungi increased plant superoxide dismutase and catalase activities by 4.70-150.73% and 9.10-95.70%, respectively, and reduced leaf malondialdehyde content by 2.79-55.01%, which alleviated the damage caused by oxidative stress. These effects alleviated the damage caused by oxidative stress and increased the content of soluble sugars and soluble proteins in plant leaves by 1.52-65.44% and 4.67-97.54%, respectively, which further increased the drought adaptability of plants. However, inoculation with AM fungi had different effects on different plants. Conclusion In summary, this study demonstrated that the inoculation of AM fungi in vegetation concrete environments can significantly increase plant growth and drought tolerance. The plants that formed a symbiotic structure with AM fungi had a larger root uptake area, greater water uptake capacity, and greater photosynthesis and gas exchange efficiency. In addition, AM fungi inoculation further increased the drought adaptability of the plants by increasing their antioxidant enzyme activity and regulating their metabolite content. These findings are highly important for promoting plant growth and increasing drought tolerance under drought conditions, especially for potential practical applications in areas such as slope protection, and provide useful references for future ecological engineering and sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area (China Three Gorges University), Ministry of Education, Yichang, Hubei, China
- College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Cement-based Ecological Restoration Technology (China Three Gorges University), Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area (China Three Gorges University), Ministry of Education, Yichang, Hubei, China
- College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Cement-based Ecological Restoration Technology (China Three Gorges University), Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Dong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area (China Three Gorges University), Ministry of Education, Yichang, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Cement-based Ecological Restoration Technology (China Three Gorges University), Yichang, Hubei, China
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Mingyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area (China Three Gorges University), Ministry of Education, Yichang, Hubei, China
- College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Cement-based Ecological Restoration Technology (China Three Gorges University), Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Wennian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area (China Three Gorges University), Ministry of Education, Yichang, Hubei, China
- College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Cement-based Ecological Restoration Technology (China Three Gorges University), Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Liming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area (China Three Gorges University), Ministry of Education, Yichang, Hubei, China
- College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Cement-based Ecological Restoration Technology (China Three Gorges University), Yichang, Hubei, China
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Cao Q, Zhou J, Xu W, Yuan X. Study on the Preparation and Properties of Vegetation Lightweight Porous Concrete. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:251. [PMID: 38204103 PMCID: PMC10779460 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to formulate vegetated light porous concrete (VLPC) through the utilization of various cementing materials, the design of porosity, and the incorporation of mineral additives. Subsequently, the study aims to assess and analyze key properties, including the bulk density, permeability coefficient, mechanical characteristics, and alkalinity. The findings indicate a linear decrease in the volume weight of VLPC as the designed porosity increases. While higher design porosity elevates the permeability coefficient, the measured effective porosity closely aligns with the design values. The examined VLPC exhibits a peak compressive strength of 17.7 MPa and a maximum bending strength of 2.1 MPa after 28 days. Notably, an escalation in porosity corresponds to a decrease in both the compressive and the bending strength of VLPC. Introducing mineral additives, particularly silicon powder, is shown to be effective in enhancing the strength of VLPC. Furthermore, substituting slag sulfonate cement for ordinary cement significantly diminishes the alkalinity of VLPC, resulting in a pH below 8.5 at 28 days. Mineral additives also contribute to a reduction in the pH of concrete. Among them, silica fume, fly ash, fly ash + slag powder, and slag powder exhibit a progressively enhanced alkaline reduction effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Cao
- MMC Group, Central Research Institute of Building and Construction, Beijing 10088, China;
| | - Juncheng Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China;
| | - Weiting Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xiongzhou Yuan
- School of Traffic and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China
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