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Li S, Liu F, Li W, Li C, Huang F, Jin S, Liu J, Yang L, Piao H, Zhang Y, Tai T, Liu K, Ma X. Prioritization of organic contaminants in China's groundwater based on national-scale monitoring data and their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172656. [PMID: 38653420 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
There has been increasing concern regarding the adverse environmental and health effects of organic pollutants. A list of priority control organic pollutants (PCOPs) can provide regulatory frameworks for the use and monitoring of organic compounds in the environment. In this study, 20,010 groundwater samples were collected from 15 "first level" groundwater resource zones in China. Fifty (50) organic compounds were analyzed based on their prevalence, occurrence, and physicochemical properties (persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity). Results showed that 16 PCOPs, including 12 pesticides, 3 aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs), and 1 phthalate ester, were recognized. Pesticides and AHs accounted for 75 % and 18.75 % of the high-priority pollutants, respectively. There were significant differences in PCOPs between confined and phreatic groundwater. Higher concentrations of pesticides were mainly detected in phreatic groundwater. PCOPs detected in samples from the 15 groundwater resource zones were mainly pesticides and AHs. The groundwater data indicate that the organic compounds detected in the Yellow River Basin (YRB), Yangtze River Basin (YZB), Liaohe River Basin (LRB), and Songhua River Basin (SRB) are mainly categorized as Q1 (high priority) and Q2 (medium priority) pollutants based on the contaminants ranking system in China. The findings from this study offer a snapshot of the wide distribution of PCOPs in the surveyed regions, and are expected to establishing treatment and prevention measures at both the regional and national levels in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengpin Li
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenpeng Li
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Changqing Li
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fuyang Huang
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China.
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Advanced Environmental Technologies LLC, 4025 Automation Way, Suite F4, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA
| | - Jiaqing Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Yang
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Haitao Piao
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tuoya Tai
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kun Liu
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China
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Li Y, Tao C, Fu D, Jafvert CT, Zhu T. Integrating molecular descriptors for enhanced prediction: Shedding light on the potential of pH to model hydrated electron reaction rates for organic compounds. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140984. [PMID: 38122944 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydrated electron reaction rate constant (ke-aq) is an important parameter to determine reductive degradation efficiency and to mitigate the ecological risk of organic compounds (OCs). However, OC species morphology and the concentration of hydrated electrons (e-aq) in water vary with pH, complicating OC fate assessment. This study introduced the environmental variable of pH, to develop models for ke-aq for 701 data points using 3 descriptor types: (i) molecular descriptors (MD), (ii) quantum chemical descriptors (QCD), and (iii) the combination of both (MD + QCD). Models were screened using 2 descriptor screening methods (MLR and RF) and 14 machine learning (ML) algorithms. The introduction of QCDs that characterized the electronic structure of OCs greatly improved the performance of models while ensuring the need for fewer descriptors. The optimal model MLR-XGBoost(MD + QCD), which included pH, achieved the most satisfactory prediction: R2tra = 0.988, Q2boot = 0.861, R2test = 0.875 and Q2test = 0.873. The mechanistic interpretation using the SHAP method further revealed that QCDs, polarizability, volume, and pH had a great influence on the reductive degradation of OCs by e-aq. Overall, the electrochemical parameters (QCDs, pH) related to the solvent and solute are of significance and should be considered in any future ML modeling that assesses the fate of OCs in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuicui Tao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dafang Fu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Chad T Jafvert
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, and Environmental & Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Tengyi Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China.
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