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Verma G, Dhaka AK, Singh B, Kumar A, Choudhary AK, Kumar A, Kamboj NK, Hasanain M, Singh S, Bhupenchandra I, Shabnam, Sanwal P, Kumar S. Productivity, soil health, and carbon management index of soybean-wheat cropping system under double zero-tillage and natural-farming based organic nutrient management in north-Indian plains. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170418. [PMID: 38286294 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Conservation-agriculture and organic-farming are two sustainable-agriculture approaches to ensure food security and environmental-sustainability. Hence, a field study assessed the productivity, soil-health and carbon-dynamics of soybean-wheat cropping system (SWCS) under four tillage and residue-management practices (TRMPs) viz., Conventional-tillage without residues (CT-R), conventional-tillage with residue-retention in both crops at 3 t ha-1 each (CT + R), zero-tillage without residues (ZT-R), and zero-tillage with residue-retention in both crops at 3 t ha-1 each (ZT + R); and five organic-nutrient-management-practices (ONMPs) in both crops viz., 100 % RDF (N1), 100 % RDN through FYM (N2), 100 % RDN through VC (N3), 100 % RDN through FYM + Biofertilizers + Cow-urine + Panchgavya + Jeevamrut (N4), and 100 % RDN through VC + Biofertilizers + Cow-urine + Panchgavya + Jeevamrut (N5), in split-plot-design replicated-thrice. Among TRMPs, ZT + R enhanced system-productivity (SEY) by ∼17.2 % over CT-R, besides improved soil available-N, P, K by 6.4, 6.5 and 6.5 %, respectively. SMBC, SMBN and SMBP were higher under ZT + R by 16.2, 21.5 and 10.8 % over CT-R, respectively. ZT + R had higher soil enzyme activities of DHA, Acid-P, ALP, URA, and FDA over CT-R by 19.4, 20.7, 21.5, 20.7 and 15.2 %, respectively. ZT + R also had higher VLC, ACP, LI and CMI over CT-R. Among ONMPs, the natural-farming based ONMP, N5 considerably improved SMBC, SMBN, SMBP, FDA, DHA, Acid-P, URA, and ALP by 12.7-12.9 % over N1 (100 % RDF). ONMP-N5 improved the available-N, P, K content over N1 by 6.6, 5.8 and 6.7 %, respectively. ONMP-N5 had higher (p < 0.05) microbial-count, VLC, APC, LI and CMI; however, system-productivity was ∼4.1 % lower than N1 in this two-years' short-study which further need investigation in multi-location long-term experiments. Overall, the dual-crop basis ZT + R at 6 t ha-1 year-1 + NF-based ONMPs (N5) may harness higher and sustained productivity under SWCS besides advancing soil-health and soil carbon-pools in sandy-loam soils of north-Indian plains and similar soils across south-Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Verma
- Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - A K Dhaka
- Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Bhagat Singh
- Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275103, India; Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Anil K Choudhary
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171001, India.
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre, Gangtok 737102, India
| | - Navish K Kamboj
- Regional Research Station, Bawal, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | | | - Sachin Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Janta Vedic College, Bagpat 250611, India
| | - Ingudam Bhupenchandra
- ICAR-KVK Tamenglong, ICAR-Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Manipur Centre, India
| | - Shabnam
- Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Priyanka Sanwal
- Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Satender Kumar
- Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
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