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Bui TH, Bui VL, Duong VH, Duong DT, Le NT, Tran DK, Tran VK, Ha TTL, Phan GTT, Tran VH, Hoang VK, Tran HN. Transfer of natural radionuclides from soil to water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk) under flooded and unflooded conditions in Hanoi, Vietnam. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2024; 277:107445. [PMID: 38820672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Transfer of natural radionuclides from soil to water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk) in Hanoi, Vietnam have been investigated using a low background gamma spectrometer with an HPGe detector (Model-GC5019). Twenty pairs of soil and water spinach samples in two environmental conditions, i.e., flooded and unflooded, were collected for measuring the activity concentrations and determining the soil-to-plant transfer factors (TFs) of natural radionuclides. For water spinach, stems and leaves were collected as the main parts for human consumption and livestock food. The TF of 40K is within the range of 0.32-2.49, which is greater than that of 228Ra (0.01-0.17) and 226Ra (0.01-0.13). The geometric means (geometric standard deviations) of the TFs are 1.17(1.89), 0.05(2.41) and 0.04(1.88) for flooded sites, and 0.89(1.73), 0.03(2.12) and 0.03(1.82) for unflooded sites, respectively. Comparing between the flooded and unflooded sites, the TFs are all greater at the flooded sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Hong Bui
- Faculty of Physics, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Van-Loat Bui
- Faculty of Physics, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 100000, Viet Nam.
| | - Van-Hao Duong
- VNU School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Arts, Vietnam National University, 144 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Viet Nam.
| | - Duc-Thang Duong
- Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute (VINATOM), 179 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Ngoc-Thiem Le
- Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute (VINATOM), 179 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Dinh-Khoa Tran
- Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute (VINATOM), 1 Nguyen Tu Luc, Dalat, Lamdong, Viet Nam
| | - Van-Khanh Tran
- Faculty of Physics, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi-Thuy-Linh Ha
- Faculty of Physics, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Giang T T Phan
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh city, Viet Nam; Faculty of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Viet-Hoang Tran
- Faculty of Physics, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 100000, Viet Nam; Phenikaa Institute for Advanced Study, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Viet Nam
| | - Van-Khanh Hoang
- Phenikaa Institute for Advanced Study, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Viet Nam.
| | - Hoai-Nam Tran
- Phenikaa Institute for Advanced Study, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Viet Nam.
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Ammar A, Nouira A, El Mouridi Z, Boughribil S. Recent trends in the phytoremediation of radionuclide contamination of soil by cesium and strontium: Sources, mechanisms and methods: A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142273. [PMID: 38750727 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review examines recent trends in phytoremediation strategies to address soil radionuclide contamination by cesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr). Radionuclide contamination, resulting from natural processes and nuclear-related activities such as accidents and the operation of nuclear facilities, poses significant risks to the environment and human health. Cs and Sr, prominent radionuclides involved in nuclear accidents, exhibit chemical properties that contribute to their toxicity, including easy uptake, high solubility, and long half-lives. Phytoremediation is emerging as a promising and environmentally friendly approach to mitigate radionuclide contamination by exploiting the ability of plants to extract toxic elements from soil and water. This review focuses specifically on the removal of 90Sr and 137Cs, addressing their health risks and environmental implications. Understanding the mechanisms governing plant uptake of radionuclides is critical and is influenced by factors such as plant species, soil texture, and physicochemical properties. Phytoremediation not only addresses immediate contamination challenges but also provides long-term benefits for ecosystem restoration and sustainable development. By improving soil health, biodiversity, and ecosystem resilience, phytoremediation is in line with global sustainability goals and environmental protection initiatives. This review aims to provide insights into effective strategies for mitigating environmental hazards associated with radionuclide contamination and to highlight the importance of phytoremediation in environmental remediation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyoub Ammar
- Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality and Biotechnology /Eco-toxicology and Biodiversity (LVMQB/EB), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Mohammedia, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco; National Center for Energy, Sciences, and Nuclear Techniques (CNESTEN), Rabat, Morocco; Laboratory of Environment and Conservation of Natural Resources, National Institute of Agronomique Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Asmae Nouira
- National Center for Energy, Sciences, and Nuclear Techniques (CNESTEN), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Zineb El Mouridi
- Laboratory of Environment and Conservation of Natural Resources, National Institute of Agronomique Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Said Boughribil
- Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality and Biotechnology /Eco-toxicology and Biodiversity (LVMQB/EB), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Mohammedia, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
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Singh BSM, Dhal NK, Kumar M, Mohapatra D, Seshadri H, Nayak M. Retaliation of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. to caesium and strontium in hydroponics: effect on morpho-physiology and induction of enzymatic defence. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:703. [PMID: 37212912 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The habitation and environment are affected by the stable isotopes of caesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr), as well as by their radioactive isotopes. The current work gives insight on Alstonia scholaris' capacity to phytoextract stable caesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr), as well as the plant's ability to protect against the toxicity of both elements. Experiments with Cs [0-5 mM (CsCl)] and Sr [0-3 mM (SrCl2. 6H2O)] dosing in controlled light, temperature, and humidity condition in greenhouse for 21 days were undertaken. Cs and Sr accumulation in different plant parts was quantified with atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) respectively. Hyper-accumulation capacity for Cs and Sr was estimated with indices like transfer factor (TF) and translocation factors (TrF). The uptake pattern of caesium in Alstonia scholaris is 5452.8-24,771.4 mg/kg DW (TF = 85.2-57.6) and in the case of Sr is 1307.4-8705.7 mg/kg DW (TF = 85.3-1.46). The findings demonstrated the plant's ability to transfer Cs and Sr to aboveground biomass on the basis of dry weight, with the majority of the metals being deposited in the shoot rather than the root portion of the plant. For Cs and Sr, with increasing concentration, the plants exhibited the enzymatic expression for defence against metal toxicity by free radicals compared to control. Field emission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM with EDS) was employed to assess the spatial distribution of Cs and Sr in plant leaf, indicating the accumulation of Cs, Sr, and their homologous components.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Manisha Singh
- Environment and Sustainability Department, CSIR-IMMT, Bhubaneshwar, 751013, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Nabin Kumar Dhal
- Environment and Sustainability Department, CSIR-IMMT, Bhubaneshwar, 751013, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Environment and Sustainability Department, CSIR-IMMT, Bhubaneshwar, 751013, India
| | | | | | - Monalisha Nayak
- Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Niyamak Bhavan, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
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Rout S, Yadav S, Pulhani V. Transfer of radionuclides from soil to selected tropical plants of Indian Subcontinent: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2021; 235-236:106652. [PMID: 34062381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil to plant transfer factor (TF) of radionuclides is an important input parameter in dose assessment models. The wide range of TF for each radionuclide reported in the literature for a particular plant type indicates that radionuclide concentration in soil is not the only factor influencing its uptake by the plant. Different soil properties and agricultural practices may influence the TF and these are also a function of the climate. Considering the wide variation in TF data, here we attempt to review the available literature on TF of radionuclides in tropical countries of the Indian subcontinent (India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka). TF under equilibrium conditions are not available for all radionuclides, in such cases TF of naturally existing stable analogs elements were compiled. With an emphasis on, transfer of radionuclides from soil to the edible compartment of the plant; the TF data for 21 elements are compiled for 12 plant groups classified as per IAEA, Technical Reports Series No. 472. The article also presents the analysis and discussion of the extent and limitations of the compiled data. The compiled TF may be useful in assessing the food chain transfer of radionuclides when site-specific information is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Rout
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Sonali Yadav
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Vandana Pulhani
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400094, India
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Levels of 226Ra in some paddy soils in the Mekong Delta region (Vietnam): current status and long-term assessment. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Characteristics of radionuclides in soil and tea plant (Camellia sinensis) in Hoa Binh, Vietnam. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rout S, Pulhani V, Yadav S. A review of soil to rice transfer of radionuclides in tropical regions of Indian subcontinent. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2021; 234:106631. [PMID: 33964670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In radioecological studies, soil to plant transfer factors (TF) is commonly used to estimate the food chain transfer of radionuclides, which is an important parameter to assess ingestion doses to humans. Rice is an important (Oryza sativa L.) staple crop in tropical countries and is the major food crop consumed all over the world. Out of the seven countries (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and the island nations like Sri Lanka and Maldives) of the Indian subcontinent, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Maldives along with a major region of India fall under tropical climate class according to Köppen climate classification. Because, the soil to rice TF under equilibrium conditions are not available for all radionuclides, TF of naturally existing stable elements, which are analogues of radionuclides were compiled. This review paper presents the collection of the TF data of soil to grain and stems & shoots of rice plant for eighteen elements. Data were generated mainly from different sub climatic regions of the tropical environment of India and Bangladesh. An overview of the compilation, analysis, and discussion of the extent and limitations of the data is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Rout
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Vandana Pulhani
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Sonali Yadav
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400094, India
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Girault F, Perrier F, Ourcival JM, Ferry R, Gaudemer Y, Bourges F, Didon-Lescot JF. Substratum influences uptake of radium-226 by plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:142655. [PMID: 33153746 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Radium-226, an alpha emitter with half-life 1600 years, is ubiquitous in natural environments. Present in rocks and soils, it is also absorbed by vegetation. The efficiency of 226Ra uptake by plants from the soil is important to assess for the study of heavy metals uptake by plants, monitoring of radioactive pollution, and the biogeochemical cycle of radium in the Critical Zone. Using a thoroughly validated measurement method of effective 226Ra concentration (ECRa) in the laboratory, we compare ECRa values of the plant to that of the closest soil, and we infer the 226Ra soil-to-plant transfer ratio, RSP, for a total of 108 plant samples collected in various locations in France. ECRa values of plants range over five orders of magnitude with mean (min-max) of 1.66 ± 0.03 (0.020-113) Bq kg-1. Inferred RSP values range over four orders of magnitude with mean (min-max) of 0.0188 ± 0.0004 (0.00069-0.37). The mean RSP value of plants in granitic and metamorphic context (0.073 ± 0.002; n = 50) is significantly higher (12 ± 1 times) than that of plants in calcareous and sedimentary context (0.0058 ± 0.0002; n = 58). This difference, which cannot be attributed to a systematic difference in emanation coefficient, is likely due to the competition between calcium and radium. In a given substratum context, the compartments of a given plant species show coherent and decreasing RSP values in the following order (acropetal gradient): roots > bark > branches and stems ≈ leaves. Oak trees (Quercus genus) concentrate 226Ra more than other trees and plants in this set. While this study clearly demonstrates the influence of substratum on the 226Ra uptake by plants in non-contaminated areas, our measurement method appears as a promising practical tool to use for (phyto)remediation and its monitoring in uranium- and radium-contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Girault
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Frédéric Perrier
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ourcival
- CEFE, Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Roxane Ferry
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Yves Gaudemer
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - François Bourges
- Géologie Environnement Conseil, 30 rue de la République, F-09200 Saint-Girons, France
| | - Jean-François Didon-Lescot
- Station de Recherches INRA/CNRS laboratoire ESPACE, 390 chemin des Boissières, F-30380 Saint Christol-lès-Alès, France
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Lai JL, Zhang-Xuan D, Xiao-Hui JI, Xue-Gang L. Absorption and interaction mechanisms of uranium & cadmium in purple sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas L.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123264. [PMID: 32947695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to reveal the absorption and interaction mechanisms of uranium (U) & cadmium (Cd) in corps. Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) was selected as the experimental material. The absorption behavior of U and Cd in this crop and the effects on mineral nutrition were analyzed in a pot experiment. The interactions between U and Cd in purple sweet potato were analyzed using UPLC-MS metabolome analysis. The pot experiment confirmed that the root tuber of the purple sweet potato had accumulated U (1.68-5.16 mg kg-1) and Cd (0.78-2.02 mg kg-1) and would pose a health risk if consumed. Both U and Cd significantly interfered with the mineral nutrient of the roots. Metabolomics revealed that a total of 4865 metabolites were identified in roots. 643 (419 up; 224 down), 526 (332 up; 194 down) and 634 (428 up; 214 down) different metabolites (DEMs) were identified in the U, Cd, and U + Cd exposure groups. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that U and Cd induced the expression of plant hormones (the first messengers) and cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP, second messengers) in cells and regulated the primary/secondary metabolism of roots to induce resistance to U and Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Lai
- College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China; School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Deng Zhang-Xuan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - J I Xiao-Hui
- College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China; College of Chemical and Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China
| | - Luo Xue-Gang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
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Yoshikawa N, Nakashima K, Suzuki Y, Miyazu S, Suzuki K, Nogawa N, Harada N. Influence of irrigation water intake on local increase of radiocesium activity concentration in rice plants near a water inlet. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 225:106441. [PMID: 33065427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To identify the cause of the phenomenon that rice plants close to the water inlet contain relatively higher radiocesium within a paddy field plot, we conducted a field experiment by establishing experimental channel using polypropylene corrugated sheets, and sampling surface water, paddy soil and rice plants according to the distance from the water inlet in 2014 and 2015. It was found that the 137Cs activity concentrations in both dissolved and particulate forms in paddy surface water presented a declining trend from the water inlet towards the outlet. The 137Cs activity concentration in paddy soil in the harvesting season and those of brown rice and rice straws were highest at 1-2 m from the water inlet. Balance calculation suggests that destination of the lost 137Cs from the surface water was likely to be adsorption of the dissolved form and sedimentation of particulate form onto the soil. The concentration of exchangeable potassium ion in paddy soil was below the recommended standard of 250 mg kg-1 (as K2O in dry soil) near the water inlet at the harvesting period both years.These findings suggested that the possible crucial factors to induce rice plant uptake of radiocesium near the water inlet were either (1) direct absorption of dissolved 137Cs in surface water by rice plants, (2) absorption of 137Cs, which was originally retained in particulate matter and released by ion exchange and/or by organic matter decomposition in combination with (3) loss of soil exchangeable potassium caused due partly to transportation of soil particles with exchangeable potassium by the rapid water flow near the water inlet and/or leaching by ion exchange onto the soil of other cations such as calcium ion flowing into the paddy field. These findings will contribute to providing possible measures for producing safe rice in highly contaminated areas in which agricultural production will resume in the near future. We propose providing a non-planting zone for the area closer than about 5 m from the water intake to avoid the occurrence of high 137Cs concentrations in rice crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Kosei Nakashima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyazu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Kazuki Suzuki
- Institute for Research Promotion, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Norio Nogawa
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan
| | - Naoki Harada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
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Characterization of radiation dose and soil-to-plant transfer factor of natural radionuclides in some cities from south-western Nigeria and its effect on man. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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12
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Ni Y, Wang Z, Zheng J, Tagami K, Guo Q, Uchida S, Tsukada H. The transfer of fallout plutonium from paddy soil to rice: A field study in Japan. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 196:22-28. [PMID: 30368198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reported transfer factor (TF) values of Pu from paddy soil to rice are rather scarce, despite the radiotoxicity of Pu and the irreplaceable role of rice in Asian peoples' diets. Here, we conducted a field study to investigate the transfer of global fallout Pu from paddy soil to rice grain (hulled rice) in Japan. The 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratios in two rice grain samples out of 16 samples were determined and the ratios corresponded well with the global fallout value. The soil-to-rice TFPu in 12 Japanese prefectures ranged from 4.5 × 10-6 to 1.2 × 10-4 with a geometric mean of 3.3 × 10-5. The TFs of rice obtained in this study were compatible to the TFs for the broad heading "cereals" compiled in the IAEA Technical Report Series No. 472. Weak correlations were found between the TF and the investigated soil characteristics such as soil pH and loss on ignition. Regarding the TFs for cerium (Ce) and thorium (Th) which are commonly considered as Pu analogues, we observed no significant correlations between the log(TFPu) and log(TFCe) or log(TFPu) and log(TFTh). On the other hand, interestingly, a significantly positive correlation (r = 0.795, p < 0.001) was observed between log(TFPu) and log(TFU). In view of the observed similarity of TF values for U and Pu from soil to rice, we thought that using the easy-to-measure TFU to estimate TFPu from soil to rice might be suggested although the mechanism was unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyi Ni
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan; State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhongtang Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Keiko Tagami
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Qiuju Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shigeo Uchida
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tsukada
- Institute of Environmental Radioecology, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan
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Bátor G, Bednár A, Glover TJ, Kovács T, Landsberger S. Determination of cesium transfer factors by instrumental neutron activation analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 187:16-21. [PMID: 29477642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Food-chain models are used to predict radionuclide ingestion after fallout deposition. These models include those transfer processes (soil-to-plant transfer factor(s) [TF], plant-to-animal transfer coefficient(s) [TC] and concentration ratio [CR]) that are likely to be important for radiological assessment. The range of variability for transfer factors for the same plant groups is great, about 4-5 orders of magnitude, which limits their applicability. A better way to determine the best estimate the factors for radiocaesium and other important radionuclides is if the site-specific data are available. Soil, plant and animal samples were collected from a pasture area in Hungary during the vegetation period in 2016. Stable 133Cs concentration was analysed by comparative method with neutron activation analysis (NAA). The comparator and the samples were irradiated in thermal neutron flux 2.55 × 1012 ncm-2s-1 for 2 h (soil) and 6 h (vegetation, animal samples) in the TRIGA Mark II research reactor at the Nuclear Engineering Teaching Laboratory. After an appropriate decay time (12 days) the samples were measured by gamma-spectrometry and analysed. The observed stable caesium TCpm (0.48-0.53) and CRpm (0.41-0.45) were very close to 137Cs factors in the IAEA 2009 Report of 0.49 and 0.54, respectively. This methodology is particularly suitable for the simultaneous study of natural caesium in ecosystem compartments. Consequently, the transfer of stable caesium in a pasture field may be regarded as a useful analogy in predicting the long-term changes of 137Cs affected by site-specific environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bátor
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, PO Box 158, 8201, Veszprém, Hungary.
| | - A Bednár
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, PO Box 158, 8201, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - T J Glover
- University of Texas at Austin, Nuclear Engineering Teaching Laboratory, Pickle Research Campus, R-9000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - T Kovács
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, PO Box 158, 8201, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - S Landsberger
- University of Texas at Austin, Nuclear Engineering Teaching Laboratory, Pickle Research Campus, R-9000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Comparative analysis of distributions of radioactive cesium and potassium and stable cesium, potassium, and strontium in brown rice grains contaminated with radioactive materials released by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-4824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Singh M, Garg VK, Gautam YP, Kumar A. Soil to rice grain transfer factor and radiological dose of 137Cs and 90Sr around Narora Atomic Power Station (NAPS), Narora, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-3939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Uptake and distribution of natural radioactivity in rice from soil in north and west part of peninsular malaysia for the estimation of ingestion dose to man. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2014.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Singh M, Garg VK, Gautam YP, Kumar A. Transfer factor of 137Cs from soil to wheat grains and dosimetry around Narora Atomic Power Station, Narora, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Asaduzzaman K, Khandaker MU, Amin YM, Bradley DA, Mahat RH, Nor RM. Soil-to-root vegetable transfer factors for (226)Ra, (232)Th, (40)K, and (88)Y in Malaysia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2014; 135:120-127. [PMID: 24814722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Soil-to-plant transfer factors (TFs) are of fundamental importance in assessing the environmental impact due to the presence of radioactivity in soil and agricultural crops. Tapioca and sweet potato, both root crops, are popular foodstuffs for a significant fraction of the Malaysian population, and result in intake of radionuclides. For the natural field conditions experienced in production of these foodstuffs, TFs and the annual effective dose were evaluated for the natural radionuclides (226)Ra, (232)Th, (40)K, and for the anthropogenic radionuclide (88)Y, the latter being a component of fallout. An experimental tapioca field was developed for study of the time dependence of plant uptake. For soil samples from all study locations other than the experimental field, it has been shown that these contain the artificial radionuclide (88)Y, although the uptake of (88)Y has only been observed in the roots of the plant Manihot esculenta (from which tapioca is derived) grown in mining soil. The estimated TFs for (226)Ra and (232)Th for tapioca and sweet potato are very much higher than that reported by the IAEA. For all study areas, the annual effective dose from ingestion of tapioca and sweet potato are estimated to be lower than the world average (290 μSv y(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kh Asaduzzaman
- Department of Physics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | | | - Y M Amin
- Department of Physics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - D A Bradley
- Department of Physics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - R H Mahat
- Department of Physics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - R M Nor
- Department of Physics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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19
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Karunakara N, Rao C, Ujwal P, Yashodhara I, Kumara S, Ravi PM. Soil to rice transfer factors for (226)Ra, (228)Ra, (210)Pb, (40)K and (137)Cs: a study on rice grown in India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2013; 118:80-92. [PMID: 23266913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
India is the second largest producer of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the world and rice is an essential component of the diet for a majority of the population in India. However, detailed studies aimed at the evaluation of radionuclide transfer factors (F(v)) for the rice grown in India are almost non-existent. This paper presents the soil to rice transfer factors for natural ((226)Ra, (228)Ra, (40)K, and (210)Pb) and artificial ((137)Cs) radionuclides for rice grown in natural field conditions on the West Coast of India. A rice field was developed very close to the Kaiga nuclear power plant and the water required for this field was drawn from the cooling water discharge canal of the power plant. For a comparative study of the radionuclide transfer factors, rice samples were also collected from the rice fields of nearby villages. The study showed that the (226)Ra and (228)Ra activity concentrations were below detection levels in different organs of the rice plant. The soil to un-hulled rice grain (40)K transfer factor varied in the range of 6.5 × 10(-1) to 2.9 with a mean of 0.15 × 10(1), and of (210)Pb varied in the range of <1.2 × 10(-2) to 8.1 × 10(-1) with a mean of 1.4 × 10(-1), and of (137)Cs varied in the range of 6.6 × 10(-2) to 3.4 × 10(-1) with a mean of 2.1 × 10(-1). The mean values of un-hulled grain to white rice processing retention factors (F(r)) were 0.12 for (40)K, 0.03 for (210)Pb, and 0.14 for (137)Cs. Using these processing retention factors, the soil to white rice transfer factors were estimated and these were found to have mean values of 1.8 × 10(-1), 4.2 × 10(-3), and 3.0 × 10(-2) for (40)K, (210)Pb, and (137)Cs, respectively. The study has shown that the transfer of (40)K was higher for above the ground organs than for the root, but (210)Pb and (137)Cs were retained in the root and their transfer to above the ground organs of the rice plant is significantly lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Karunakara
- University Science Instrumentation Centre, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore, Karnataka 574199, India.
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Song N, Zhang X, Wang F, Zhang C, Tang S. Elevated CO2 increases Cs uptake and alters microbial communities and biomass in the rhizosphere of Phytolacca americana Linn (pokeweed) and Amaranthus cruentus L. (purple amaranth) grown on soils spiked with various levels of Cs. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2012; 112:29-37. [PMID: 22507353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
General concern about increasing global atmospheric CO(2) levels owing to the ongoing fossil fuel combustion and elevated levels of radionuclides in the environment, has led to growing interest in the responses of plants to interactive effects of elevated CO(2) and radionuclides in terms of phytoremediation and food safety. To assess the combined effects of elevated CO(2) and cesium contamination on plant biomass, microbial activities in the rhizosphere soil and Cs uptake, Phytolacca americana Linn (pokeweed, C3 specie) and Amaranthus cruentus L. (purple amaranth, C4 specie) were grown in pots of soils containing five levels of cesium (0, 100, 300, 500 and 1000 mg Cs kg(-1)) under two levels of CO(2) (360 and 860 μL L(-1), respectively). Shoot and root biomass of P. americana and Amaranthus crentus was generally higher under elevated CO(2) than under ambient CO(2) for all treatments. Both plant species exhibited higher Cs concentration in the shoots and roots under elevated CO(2) than ambient CO(2). For P. americana grown at 0, 100, 300, 500 and 1000 mg Cs kg(-1), the increase magnitude of Cs concentration due to elevated CO(2) was 140, 18, 11, 34 and 15% in the shoots, and 150, 20, 14, 15 and 19% in the roots, respectively. For A. cruentus, the corresponding value was 118, 28, 21, 14 and 17% in the shoots, and 126, 6, 11, 17 and 22% in the roots, respectively. Higher bioaccumulation factors were noted for both species grown under elevated CO(2) than ambient CO(2). The populations of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, and the microbial C and N in the rhizosphere soils of both species were higher at elevated CO(2) than at ambient CO(2) with the same concentration of Cs. The results suggested that elevated CO(2) significantly affected plant biomass, Cs uptake, soil C and N concentrations, and community composition of soil microbes associated with P. americana and A. cruentus roots. The knowledge gained from this investigation constitutes an important advancement in promoting utilization of CO(2) fertilization for improvement of phytoextraction of soils contaminated with radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Song
- Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 31, Fukang Rd, Nankai District, Tianjin 300191, PR China
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21
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Choi YH, Lim KM, Jun I, Keum DK, Han MH, Kim IG. Transport behavior and rice uptake of radiostrontium and radiocesium in flooded paddy soils contaminated in two contrasting ways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 412-413:248-256. [PMID: 22071438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the transport behavior and rice uptake of radiostrontium and radiocesium in flooded rice fields, lysimeter experiments with two paddy soils were performed in a greenhouse. A solution containing (85)Sr and (137)Cs was applied in two different ways - being mixed with the top soil 27 d before transplanting or being dropped to the surface water 1d after transplanting. Rice uptake was quantified with two kinds of transfer factor - TF(m) (dimensionless) and TF(a) (m(2)kg(-1)-dry) for the pre- and post-transplanting depositions, respectively. For brown rice, the TF(m) values of (85)Sr and (137)Cs differed between the soils by factors of 2 (1.6×10(-2) and 2.5×10(-2)) and 7 (2.2×10(-2) and 1.5×10(-1)), respectively. Corresponding factors by the TF(a) values were 2 (2.5×10(-4) and 4.4×10(-4)) for (85)Sr and 3 (1.1×10(-3) and 2.9×10(-3)) for (137)Cs. Straws had several times higher TF(m) and TF(a) values of (85)Sr than of (137)Cs. The surface-water concentrations were substantially higher for the TF(a) than for the TF(m), indicating the possibility of a much higher plant-base uptake for the TF(a). In the TF(a) soils, (137)Cs and, to a lesser degree, (85)Sr were severely localized towards the soil surface, probably leading to an increased root uptake. The activity loss due to plant uptake and water percolation was generally inconsiderable. Time-dependent K(d) values of (85)Sr measured in a parallel experiment ranged from 20 to 170, whereas (137)Cs had much higher K(d) values. The use of TF(a) values instead of TF(m) values turned out to be a reasonable approach to the evaluation of a vegetation-period deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ho Choi
- Nuclear Environment Safety Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1045 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong, Daejeon, 305-353, Republic of Korea.
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Willey NJ. Phylogeny can be used to make useful predictions of soil-to-plant transfer factors for radionuclides. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2010; 49:613-623. [PMID: 20809227 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-010-0320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Soil-to-plant transfer of radionuclides can be related to plant evolutionary history (phylogeny). For some species and radionuclides the effect is significant enough to be useful in predicting Transfer Factors (TFs). Here a Residual Maximum Likelihood (REML)-based mixed model and a recent plant phylogeny are used to compile data on soil-to-plant transfer of radionuclides and to show how the phylogeny can be used to fill gaps in TFs. Using published data, generic means for TFs are used to anchor the data from REML modelling and hence predict TFs for important groups of plants. Radionuclides of Cs are used as an example. With a generic soil-to-plant TF of 0.07, TFs of 0.035 and 0.085 are predicted for monocot and eudicot gaps, respectively. Also demonstrated is how the known effects of soil conditions can be predicted across plant groups-predicted Cs TFs for gap-filling across all flowering plants are calculated for sandy loams with and without waterlogging. Predictions of TFs for Sr, Co, Cl and Ru are also given. Overall, the results show that general predictions of TFs based on phylogeny are possible-a significant contribution to gap filling for TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Willey
- Centre for Research in Plant Science, School of Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay, Bristol, UK.
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Calmon P, Fesenko S, Voigt G, Linsley G. Quantification of radionuclide transfer in terrestrial and freshwater environments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2009; 100:671-674. [PMID: 19632013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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