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Narsha L, Ramanand VP, Achari S, Kavasara M, Yerol N. Evaluation of indoor 222Rn and 220Rn concentrations in Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:592. [PMID: 37079111 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring radioactive gases which tend to build up (radon and thoron) in indoor environs can cause deleterious health effects including the development of lung cancer. The present study aims to measure 222Rn and 220Rn levels in dwellings in different seasons in the environs of Dakshina Kannada region of India. The 222Rn and 220Rn concentrations were measured in the monsoon, autumn, winter, and summer seasons using Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTD, LR-115 type II) films fixed in single-entry pinhole cylindrical twin-cup dosimeters. The higher 222Rn levels in indoors were observed during winter with an average concentration of 38.8 Bq m-3 and lower during summer with an average of 14.1 Bq m-3. The average indoor thoron concentration was also highest in winter with an average value of 25.5 Bq m-3 and lowest in summer with 8.8 Bq m-3. The annual inhalation dose ranged from 0.44 to 1.06 mSv year-1 with a mean value of 0.66 mSv year-1. The annual effective dose varied from 1.03 to 2.57 mSv year-1 with an average value of 1.59 mSv year-1. The assessed values have been contrasted with the limit suggested by the UNSCEAR and the ICRP and were found to be within the permissible level. The normality of frequency distribution curves of 222Rn and 220Rn concentrations was assessed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Narsha
- Department of Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | | | - Sandesh Achari
- Department of Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - Malleshi Kavasara
- Department of Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - Narayana Yerol
- Department of Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India.
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Studies on radon and thoron levels in few dwellings of Kabini River Basin, Karnataka State, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Estimation of indoor radon and thoron in dwellings of Palakkad, Kerala, India using solid state nuclear track detectors. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Omori Y, Tokonami S, Sahoo SK, Ishikawa T, Sorimachi A, Hosoda M, Kudo H, Pornnumpa C, Nair RRK, Jayalekshmi PA, Sebastian P, Akiba S. Radiation dose due to radon and thoron progeny inhalation in high-level natural radiation areas of Kerala, India. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2017; 37:111-126. [PMID: 28002043 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/37/1/111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate internal exposure to radon and thoron, concentrations for radon, thoron, and thoron progeny were measured for 259 dwellings located in high background radiation areas (HBRAs, outdoor external dose: 3-5 mGy y-1) and low background radiation areas (control areas, outdoor external dose: 1 mGy y-1) in Karunagappally Taluk, Kerala, India. The measurements were conducted using passive-type radon-thoron detectors and thoron progeny detectors over two six-month measurement periods from June 2010 to June 2011. The results showed no major differences in radon and thoron progeny concentrations between the HBRAs and the control areas. The geometric mean of the annual effective dose due to radon and thoron was calculated as 0.10 and 0.44 mSv, respectively. The doses were small, but not negligible compared with the external dose in the two areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Omori
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan. Current address: Department of Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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Bollhöfer A, Doering C. Long-term temporal variability of the radon-222 exhalation flux from a landform covered by low uranium grade waste rock. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 151 Pt 3:593-600. [PMID: 26100675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Radon-222 exhalation flux densities from two different substrates of several metres thickness, waste rock and waste rock mixed with approximately 30% lateritic material, were measured over a period of five years in the wet-dry tropics of Northern Australia. Fourteen measurement campaigns using activated charcoal canisters (n > 1000) covered both dry and wet seasons and showed differences in seasonal and long term trends of the (222)Rn exhalation flux densities normalised to the (226)Ra activity concentrations of the substrate. Dry season (222)Rn exhalation was generally higher for the mixed substrate, due to the larger fraction of fines. Seasonality established within the first year of landform construction on the mixed substrate, due to the higher water holding capacity of the lateritic material. In contrast, waste rock only shows no seasonality until years four and five after construction, when average normalised dry season (222)Rn exhalation flux densities from waste rock increase to values (0.47 ± 0.06 mBq m(-2) s(-1) per Bq kg(-1)) similar to the mixed substrate (0.64 ± 0.08 mBq m(-2) s(-1) per Bq kg(-1)), likely due to an increase in fines from rapid weathering of the schistose waste rock. Volumetric water content has been used to parametrize relative (222)Rn exhalation and we determined that wet season (222)Rn exhalation is about 40% of the dry season exhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bollhöfer
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist (eriss), GPO Box 461, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia.
| | - Che Doering
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist (eriss), GPO Box 461, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia
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Ramola RC, Prasad M, Rawat M, Dangwal A, Gusain GS, Mishra R, Sahoo SK, Tokonami S. Comparative study of various techniques for environmental radon, thoron and progeny measurements. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2015; 167:22-28. [PMID: 25920785 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Long-term average concentrations of radon, thoron and progeny were measured in normal and high background radiation areas in India using different techniques. Radon, thoron and progeny concentrations were measured using Raduet, Pin-Hole dosimeter, deposition-based CR-39 and deposition-based direct radon/thoron progeny sensor (DRPS/DTPS) detector system. All these techniques were used at a same time inside an individual dwelling. Radon concentration was recorded higher than thoron concentration in Garhwal Homes (NBRA) while thoron concentration was found relatively higher in the houses of Chhatarpur area (HBRA) in Odisha, India. The values measured with the CR-39 detector-based technique were found comparable with the values measured with the LR-115 detector-based technique. The comparisons of results using various techniques and their usefulness in radiation measurements are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Ramola
- Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Badshahi Thaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal 249 199, India
| | - Mukesh Prasad
- Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Badshahi Thaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal 249 199, India
| | - Mukesh Rawat
- Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Badshahi Thaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal 249 199, India
| | - Anoop Dangwal
- Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Badshahi Thaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal 249 199, India
| | - G S Gusain
- Department of Physics, Govt Post Graduate College, New Tehri 249 001, India
| | - Rosaline Mishra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - S K Sahoo
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - S Tokonami
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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Sousa SIV, Branco PTBS, Nunes RAO, Alvim-Ferraz MCM, Martins FG. Radon Levels in Nurseries and Primary Schools in Bragança District-Preliminary Assessment. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 78:805-813. [PMID: 26167747 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1051171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer has been associated with radon concentration even at low levels such as those found in dwellings. This study aimed to (i) determine radon diurnal variations in three nurseries and one primary school in the Bragança district (north of Portugal) and (ii) compare radon concentrations with legislated standards and assess the legislated procedures. Radon was measured in three nurseries and a primary school in a rural area with nongranite soil. Measurements were performed continuously to examine differences between occupation and nonoccupation periods. Indoor temperature and relative humidity were also measured continuously. A great variability was found in radon concentrations between the microenvironments examined. Radon concentrations surpassed by severalfold the recommended guidelines and thresholds, and excessive levels of health concern were sporadically found (361.5-753.5 Bq m(-3)). Thus, it is of importance to perform a national campaign on radon measurements and to reduce exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I V Sousa
- a LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Kumar M, Agrawal A, Kumar R. Study of radon, thoron and their progeny levels in indoor environment of Firozabad city in U.P., India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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