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Kremenchutskii DA. Influence of precipitation on the daily beryllium-7 ( 7Be) activity concentration in the atmospheric surface layer. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2021; 237:106722. [PMID: 34425548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the monitoring results of the temporal variability of daily 7Be activity concentration in the atmospheric surface layer at Sevastopol in 2011-2020. The 7Be activity concentration in individual samples of atmospheric aerosols varies from 0.1 to 13.3 mBq m-3 and averages 4.0 ± 2.0 Bq m-3. Higher 7Be activity concentrations have been observed during the period from May to August while lower concentrations have been measured from December to January. Quantitative estimates of the influence of precipitation (amount, duration, intensity) on the temporal variability of 7Be activity concentration have been obtained. It has been found that daily 7Be activity concentration decrease by 2-82% on the first day with precipitation. It has been shown that an increase in precipitation duration and a decrease in its intensity lead to a more significant decrease in the daily 7Be activity concentration. The estimates of the scavenging coefficient have been obtained; the average value is 0.6 ± 1.0 h-1. An increase in the precipitation intensity or amount is accompanied by a decrease in the 7Be scavenging coefficient. Mean 0.5-folding and residence times of 7Be activity concentration in the atmosphere during a moderate rain event are 2.9 ± 2.2 and 15.4 ± 13.6 h, respectively. The recovery of 7Be activity concentration in the atmosphere after precipitation has been investigated. It has been found that this process takes 1-2 days. The mean value of the reload coefficient is 0.94 ± 0.34 d-1. The relationship between the value of the reload coefficient and local meteorological parameters (air temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, surface net solar radiation flux) has been investigated. No statistically significant correlations at a 95% confidence level between the reload coefficient and the considered meteorological parameters have been revealed. Parameterization describing a decrease in the daily 7Be activity concentration in the atmosphere due to precipitation and its recovery during the precipitation-free period has been introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii A Kremenchutskii
- Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS, Kapitanskaya Street 2, Sevastopol, 299011, Russian Federation.
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Inoue M, Takehara R, Takikawa T, Shirotani Y, Morita T, Honda N, Nagao S. Circulation paths of 134Cs in seawater southwest of Japan in 2018 and 2019. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 223-224:106382. [PMID: 32916431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The spatial variations of low-level 134Cs concentrations (activities) in seawater off the Japanese Archipelago, particularly in the eastern East China Sea (ECS), in 2018 and 2019 were examined. The 134Cs concentrations, decay-corrected to the date of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, in seawaters were 0.5-2.0 mBq/L. High 134Cs concentrations (1.1-2.0 mBq/L) of the Kuroshio Current subsurface water (densities of 25-26σθ) in the eastern ECS could indicated the contribution of the subtropical mode water from the Pacific Ocean side, and total column inventories were 330-426 Bq/m2. In contrast, as indicated by the same 134Cs concentration level at the surface of the eastern ECS and Sea of Japan, larger portions of the subsurface waters remained in the ECS and Yellow Sea side in response to the existence of the shallow Tsushima Strait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuo Inoue
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1224, Japan.
| | - Ryosei Takehara
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1224, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Takikawa
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Yuhei Shirotani
- Marine Ecology Research Institute, Isumi, Onjuku, Chiba, 299-5105, Japan
| | - Takami Morita
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4, Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, 236-8648, Japan
| | - Naoto Honda
- Japan Sea National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 1-5939-22, Suido-cho, Chuou-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8121, Japan
| | - Seiya Nagao
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1224, Japan
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Inoue M, Morokado T, Fujimoto K, Miki S, Kofuji H, Isoda Y, Nagao S. Vertical profiles of Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP-derived radiocesium concentrations in the waters of the southwestern Okhotsk Sea (2011-2017). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 192:580-586. [PMID: 29724459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We examined the vertical 134Cs and 137Cs concentration profiles in the southwestern Okhotsk Sea in 2011, 2013, and 2017. In June 2011, atmospheric deposition-derived 134Cs from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) was detected at depths of 0-200 m (0.06-0.6 mBq/L). In July 2013, 134Cs detected at depths of 100-200 m (∼0.05 mBq/L) was ascribed to the transport of low-level 134Cs-contaminated water and/or the convection of radioactive depositions (<0.03 mBq/L at depths of 0-50 m). In July 2017, 134Cs was detected in water samples at depths above 300 m (0.03-0.05 mBq/L), and the inventory, decay-corrected to the FDNPP accident date, exhibited its maximum value (85 Bq/m2) during this period. Combining temperature-salinity data with the concentrations of global fallout-derived 137Cs led to a plausible explanation for this observation, which is a consequence of re-entry of FDNPP-derived radiocesium through the Kuril Strait from the northwestern North Pacific Ocean to the Okhotsk Sea and subsequent mixing with the south Okhotsk subsurface layer until 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuo Inoue
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Wake O-24, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1224, Japan.
| | - Toshiki Morokado
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Wake O-24, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1224, Japan
| | - Ken Fujimoto
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4, Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, 236-8648, Japan
| | - Shizuho Miki
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4, Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, 236-8648, Japan
| | - Hisaki Kofuji
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Wake O-24, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1224, Japan
| | - Yutaka Isoda
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato-cho, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Seiya Nagao
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Wake O-24, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1224, Japan
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Inoue M, Shirotani Y, Yamashita S, Takata H, Kofuji H, Ambe D, Honda N, Yagi Y, Nagao S. Temporal and spatial variations of 134Cs and 137Cs levels in the Sea of Japan and Pacific coastal region: Implications for dispersion of FDNPP-derived radiocesium. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 182:142-150. [PMID: 29227876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the dispersion of Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP)-derived radiocesium in the Sea of Japan and western Pacific coastal region and determine the sources of radiocesium in these areas, we examined the temporal and spatial variations of 134Cs and 137Cs concentrations (activities) during 2011-2016 in seawaters around the western Japanese Archipelago, particularly in the Sea of Japan. In May 2013, the surface concentration of 134Cs was ∼0.5 mBq/L (decay-corrected to March 11, 2011), and that of 137Cs exceeded the pre-accident level in this study area, where the effects of radiocesium depositions just after the FDNPP accident disappeared in surface waters in October 2011. Subsequently, radiocesium concentrations gradually increased during 2013-2016 (∼0.5-1 mBq/L for 134Cs), exhibiting approximately homogeneous distributions in each year. The temporal and spatial variations of 134Cs and 137Cs concentrations indicated that FDNPP-derived radiocesium around the western Japanese Archipelago, including the Sea of Japan, has been supported by the Kuroshio Current and its branch, Tsushima Warm Current, during 2013-2016. However, in the Sea of Japan, the penetration of 134Cs was limited to depths of less than ∼200 m during three years following the re-delivery of FDNPP-derived radiocesium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Inoue
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan.
| | - Y Shirotani
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan
| | - S Yamashita
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan
| | - H Takata
- Marine Ecology Research Institute, Isumi, Onjuku Chiba 299-5105, Japan
| | - H Kofuji
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan
| | - D Ambe
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
| | - N Honda
- Japan Sea National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Suido-cho, Chuou-ku, Niigata, 951-8121, Japan
| | - Y Yagi
- Japan Sea National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Suido-cho, Chuou-ku, Niigata, 951-8121, Japan
| | - S Nagao
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan
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Domingo T, Starosta K, Chester A, Williams J, Lehnert SJ, Gantner N, Alava JJ. Fukushima-derived radioactivity measurements in Pacific salmon and soil samples collected in British Columbia, Canada. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the many studies that have shown minimal health risks to individuals living outside of Japan following the Fukushima Nuclear Accident, there are persisting concerns regarding the consumption of Pacific seafood that may be contaminated with radioactive species from Fukushima. To address these concerns, the activity concentrations of anthropogenic 134Cs and 137Cs, as well as naturally occurring 40K, were measured in Pacific salmon collected from Kilby Provincial Park, British Columbia (BC), in 2013 and from the Quesnel River, BC, in 2014 using low-background gamma-ray spectroscopy. In addition, soil samples and a single roof-debris sample were collected and analysed to provide a record of Fukushima-derived contamination in BC. Cesium-134 was not detected in the salmon samples. Cesium-137 was not detected in any of the sockeye or chum samples, although it was detected in all of the Chinook samples. The weighted average (±1σ) 137Cs activity concentration in the Chinook salmon collected in 2013 and 2014 was 0.23 (3) and 0.20 (3) Bq/kg fresh weight, respectively. A conservative annual dose estimate for an adult who consumes the average Canadian quantity of seafood per year, contaminated with radiocesium at the maximum concentrations measured in this campaign, was calculated to be 0.054 μSv per year. Cesium-134 was detected in all but two of the soil samples. A weak positive correlation was observed between presence of 134Cs and of 7Be suggesting that the 134Cs arrived via atmospheric deposition. Cesium-137 was present in every soil sample, although the total radiocesium activity concentrations measured were significantly less than action levels set by Health Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Domingo
- Department of Chemsitry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Krzysztof Starosta
- Department of Chemsitry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Aaron Chester
- Department of Chemsitry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Department of Chemsitry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Sarah J. Lehnert
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John’s, NL A1C 5X1, Canada
| | - Nikolaus Gantner
- Environmental Science Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Juan José Alava
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Ocean Pollution Research Program, Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X8, Canada
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Inoue M, Shirotani Y, Nagao S, Aramaki T, Kim YI, Hayakawa K. Spatial variations of 226Ra, 228Ra, 134Cs, and 137Cs concentrations in western and southern waters off the Korean Peninsula in July 2014. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 182:151-156. [PMID: 29227877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined the spatial distributions of 226Ra, 228Ra, 134Cs, and 137Cs concentrations (activities) in seawater off the western and southern Korean Peninsula in July 2014. Radium-228 (and 226Ra) concentrations in water samples varied widely from 5 to 14 mBq/L (2-4 mBq/L), showing a negative correlation with salinity, particularly at the surface off the western Korean Peninsula. This indicates that the seawaters in this area are fundamentally comprised of 228Ra-poor and high-saline Kuroshio Current water and 228Ra-rich and low-saline water (e.g., continental shelf water), with various mixing ratios. Although Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP)-derived 134Cs was below the detection limit (<0.08 mBq/L) in waters off the western Korean Peninsula, low level 134Cs (0.1-0.2 mBq/L) was detected in waters off the southern Korean Peninsula accompanied by higher 137Cs concentrations (1.6-1.9 mBq/L) relative to that off the western Korean Peninsula. Combined with the lower radium concentrations, the detection of 134Cs is explained by mixing of FDNPP-derived radiocesium-contaminated Kuroshio Current water.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Inoue
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan.
| | - Y Shirotani
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan
| | - S Nagao
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan
| | - T Aramaki
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Y I Kim
- East Sea Research Institute, KIOST, Uljin 36315, South Korea
| | - K Hayakawa
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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Inoue M, Shirotani Y, Nagao S, Kofuji H, Volkov YN, Nishioka J. Migration of the FDNPP-derived 134Cs and 137Cs along with 226Ra and 228Ra concentrations across the northwestern North Pacific Ocean. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 162-163:33-38. [PMID: 27214285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We examined lateral distributions of 134Cs, 137Cs, 226Ra, and 228Ra in the surface seawaters around the Kuril Islands and the Kamchatka Peninsula in the northwestern North Pacific Ocean during June 2014. The sampling area included three water current areas, the Oyashio Current, the current from the Okhotsk Sea, and the coastal current along the east Kamchatka Peninsula. 226Ra and 228Ra distributions differed along the three currents. Low levels of 134Cs were detected in the surface waters of the Oyashio Current (0.09-0.35 mBq/L), but it was <∼0.1 mBq/L at the surface along the other two currents. This indicates that the distribution of Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP)-derived radiocesium in surface waters off the Kamchatka and along the Kuril Islands is predominantly governed by the Oyashio current system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Inoue
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1224, Japan.
| | - Y Shirotani
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1224, Japan
| | - S Nagao
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1224, Japan
| | - H Kofuji
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1224, Japan
| | - Y N Volkov
- Far Eastern Regional Hydrometeorological Research Institute, Vladivostok, 690996, Russia
| | - J Nishioka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
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Inoue M, Kofuji H, Fujimoto K, Furusawa Y, Yoshida K, Nagao S, Yamamoto M, Hamajima Y, Minakawa M. Delivery mechanism of (134)Cs and (137)Cs in seawater off the Sanriku Coast, Japan, following the Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP accident. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2014; 137:113-118. [PMID: 25036919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To assess the delivery mechanism of radiocesium emitted from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), we examined vertical profiles of (134)Cs, (137)Cs, and (228)Ra concentrations and the (228)Ra/(226)Ra ratio in the water columns off the Sanriku Coast in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, in July 2012, along with their surface lateral variations in July 2009. Radiocesium concentrations exhibited maximum peaks (3-5 mBq/L for (134)Cs) at depths of 100-200 m, accompanied by high (228)Ra concentrations (0.6-0.8 mBq/L) in comparison with shallower depths (∼0.4 mBq/L). Taking the circulation patterns of currents in the area into account, it was inferred that radioactive depositions were supplied to the (228)Ra-rich Tsugaru Warm Current Water (TWCW) in the offshore area of the Sanriku Coast following the FDNPP accident, and that after the spring of 2011, this water (∼26.5σθ) was covered by lower density surface water, which helped intrude its way to depths of 100-200 m.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Inoue
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan.
| | - H Kofuji
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan; Japan Marine Science Foundation, Minato, Mutsu, Aomori 035-0064, Japan
| | - K Fujimoto
- Fisheries Research Agency, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
| | - Y Furusawa
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan
| | - S Nagao
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan
| | - M Yamamoto
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan
| | - Y Hamajima
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan
| | - M Minakawa
- Fisheries Research Agency, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
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Inoue M, Yoneoka S, Ochiai S, Oikawa S, Fujimoto K, Yagi Y, Honda N, Nagao S, Yamamoto M, Hamajima Y, Murakami T, Kofuji H, Misonoo J. Lateral and temporal variations in Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP-derived 134Cs and 137Cs in marine sediments in/around the Sado Basin, Sea of Japan. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Inoue M, Minakawa M, Yoshida K, Nakano Y, Kofuji H, Nagao S, Hamajima Y, Yamamoto M. Vertical profiles of 228Ra and 226Ra activities in the Sea of Japan and their implications on water circulation. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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