1
|
Kılıç Ö, Belivermiş M, Sıkdokur E, Sezer N, Aksüt Y, Pekmez M, Kösesakal T, Gerçek YC. The combined effects of polyethylene microplastics and benzoanthracene on Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138664. [PMID: 37044146 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) toxicity has recently been explored in various marine species. Along with the toxicity of plastics polymer itself, additional substances or pollutants that are absorbed onto it may also be harmful. In the present study, we investigated the combined impacts of polyethylene microplastics (PE MPs) and an organic pollutant (Benzo(a)anthracene, BaA) on Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum during a one-week exposure. Two PE MPs concentrations (26 μg L-1 and 260 μg L-1) and one BaA concentration (3 μg L-1) were tested. The clams were exposed to BaA and PE MPs either alone or in combination. BaA and PE MPs were incubated before the combined exposure. The biological effects of PE MPs and BaA on the clams were evaluated by considering several assays such as feeding rate, anti-oxidant enzyme activities, and the expression levels of stress-related genes. The feeding rate significantly decreased in individual PE MPs and individual BaA groups while it remained unchanged in combined groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was the most affected among the biochemical parameters. Malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were slightly affected, whereas no changes were observed in glutathione s-transferase (GST) activities. CYP1A1, CYP3A4, and HSP70 gene expressions displayed slightly significant changes. Considering all stressor groups, high PE MPs exposure (260 μg L-1 PE MPs) more effectively altered the biological parameters in the clams compared to individual low PE MPs and BaA exposure, and their combination. The results also indicated the negligible vector role of PE MPs to transport BaA into the clam tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Önder Kılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Murat Belivermiş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ercan Sıkdokur
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Narin Sezer
- Head of Medical Services and Techniques Department, Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Istanbul Arel University, 34295, Sefaköy, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Yunus Aksüt
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Murat Pekmez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Taylan Kösesakal
- Botany Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Yusuf Can Gerçek
- Botany Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Avellán-Llaguno RD, Liu X, Dong S, Huang Q. Occurrence and toxicity of perfluoroalkyl acids along the estuarine and coastal regions under varied environmental factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144584. [PMID: 33477046 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the significant economic and ecological value, the increasing pollution threat to estuarine and coastal regions is of great concern. Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are emerging pollutants which possess adverse ecological risk. In this review, we have compiled the data on the levels of PFAAs in environmental samples, mainly in estuarine and coastal zones. A worldwide map was generated to show the distribution of PFAAs. The experimental results have also been considered, which, together with those of environmental samples, has allowed us to infer about the factors that intervene in the behavior of PFAAs. The presence of PFAAs is determined primarily by the source of pollution. Salinity is as well shown as a significant condition, dependent too on the sampling environment. The analysis of PFAAs from environmental samples constitutes a fundamental tool for the surveillance of these pollutants, but the lack of homogeneity of protocols for sampling, as well as for the results presentation, limits the comparative capacity. Laboratory studies are also an essential tool in the analysis of particular aspects related to PFAAs, but many times the conditions tested are not environmentally significant. In this way, it would not be prudent to establish "paradigms" about the behavior of the PFAAs in certain areas or organisms, instead to suggest the points that can be considered fundamental for each issue addressed. The main variables that appear to intervene in estuarine and coastal regions are mainly the proximity to the source of pollution, salinity, pH, precipitation (rain) as well as types of PFAAs. All these can synergistically lead to different impacts on the ecosystem. Therefore, the particular risks of PFAAs in estuarine and coastal regions is a set of multiple variables, dependent on each sampling condition and according to the previously named parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo David Avellán-Llaguno
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Sijun Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Qiansheng Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rodríguez-Romero A, Viguri JR, Calosi P. Acquiring an evolutionary perspective in marine ecotoxicology to tackle emerging concerns in a rapidly changing ocean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142816. [PMID: 33092841 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tens of thousands of anthropogenic chemicals and wastes enter the marine environment each year as a consequence of the ever-increasing anthropogenic activities and demographic growth of the human population, which is majorly concentrated along coastal areas. Marine ecotoxicology has had a crucial role in helping shed light on the fate of chemicals in the environment, and improving our understanding of how they can affect natural ecosystems. However, chemical contamination is not occurring in isolation, but rather against a rapidly changing environmental horizon. Most environmental studies have been focusing on short-term within-generation responses of single life stages of single species to single stressors. As a consequence, one-dimensional ecotoxicology cannot enable us to appreciate the degree and magnitude of future impacts of chemicals on marine ecosystems. Current approaches that lack an evolutionary perspective within the context of ongoing and future local and global stressors will likely lead us to under or over estimations of the impacts that chemicals will exert on marine organisms. It is therefore urgent to define whether marine organisms can acclimate, i.e. adjust their phenotypes through transgenerational plasticity, or rapidly adapt, i.e. realign the population phenotypic performances to maximize fitness, to the new chemical environment within a selective horizon defined by global changes. To foster a significant advancement in this research area, we review briefly the history of ecotoxicology, synthesis our current understanding of the fate and impact of contaminants under global changes, and critically discuss the benefits and challenges of integrative approaches toward developing an evolutionary perspective in marine ecotoxicology: particularly through a multigenerational approach. The inclusion of multigenerational studies in Ecological Risk Assessment framework (ERA) would provide significant and more accurately information to help predict the risks of pollution in a rapidly changing ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Rodríguez-Romero
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Costera, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain.
| | - Javier R Viguri
- Green Engineering & Resources Research Group (GER), Departamento de Química e Ingeniería de Procesos y Recursos, ETSIIT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Piero Calosi
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sezer N, Kılıç Ö, Sıkdokur E, Çayır A, Belivermiş M. Impacts of elevated pCO 2 on Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis): Metal bioaccumulation, physiological and cellular parameters. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 160:104987. [PMID: 32907725 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification alters physiology, acid-base balance and metabolic activity in marine animals. Near future elevated pCO2 conditions could be expected to influence the bioaccumulation of metals, feeding rate and immune parameters in marine mussels. To better understand such impairments, a series of laboratory-controlled experiment was conducted by using a model marine mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. The mussels were exposed to three pH conditions according to the projected CO2 emissions in the near future (one ambient: 8.10 and two reduced: 7.80 and 7.50). At first, the bioconcentration of Ag and Cd was studied in both juvenile (2.5 cm) and adult (5.1 cm) mussels by using a highly sensitive radiotracer method (110mAg and 109Cd). The uptake and depuration kinetics were followed 21 and 30 days, respectively. The biokinetic experiments demonstrated that the effect of ocean acidification on bioconcentration was metal-specific and size-specific. The uptake, depuration and tissue distribution of 110mAg were not affected by elevated pCO2 in both juvenile and adult mussels, whereas 109Cd uptake significantly increased with decreasing pH in juveniles but not in adults. Regardless of pH, 110mAg accumulated more efficiently in juvenile mussels than adult mussels. After executing the biokinetic experiment, the perturbation was sustained by using the same mussels and the same experimental set-up, which enabled us to determine filtration rate, haemocyte viability, lysosomal membrane stability, circulating cell-free nucleic acids (ccf-NAs) and protein (ccf-protein) levels. The filtration rate and haemocyte viability gradually decreased by increasing pCO2 level, whereas the lysosomal membrane stability, ccf-NAs, and ccf-protein levels remained unchanged in the mussels exposed to elevated pCO2 for eighty-two days. This study suggests that acidified seawater partially shift metal bioaccumulation, physiological and cellular parameters in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narin Sezer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Önder Kılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ercan Sıkdokur
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Akın Çayır
- Vocational Health College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Murat Belivermiş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Belivermiş M, Swarzenski PW, Oberhänsli F, Melvin SD, Metian M. Effects of variable deoxygenation on trace element bioaccumulation and resulting metabolome profiles in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126314. [PMID: 32234623 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The dissolved oxygen concentration of the world's oceans has systematically declined by 2% over the past 50 years, and there has been a notable commensurate expansion of the global oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). Such wide-scale ocean deoxygenation affects the distribution of biological communities, impacts the physiology of organisms that may affect their capacity to absorb and process contaminants. Therefore, the bioaccumulation efficiencies of three contrasting radionuclides, 110mAg, 134Cs and 65Zn were investigated using controlled aquaria in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis under three contrasting dissolved oxygen regimes: normoxic; 7.14 mg L-1, reduced oxygen; 3.57 mg L-1 and hypoxic 1.78 mg L-1 conditions. Results indicated that hypoxic conditions diminished 110mAg uptake in the mussel, whereas depuration rates were not affected. Similarly, hypoxia appeared to cause a decrease in the 65Zn bioaccumulation rate, as evidenced by both weakened uptake and rapid elimination rates. Effects of hypoxia on the metabolome of mussels were also explored by untargeted Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic methods. The metabolic response was characterised by significantly greater abundance of several amino acids, amino sulfonic acids, dicarboxylic acids, carbohydrates and other metabolites in the lowest oxygen treatment, as compared to the higher oxygen treatments. Clearance rates significantly dropped in hypoxic conditions compared to normoxia. Results suggest that hypoxic conditions, and even partly moderate hypoxia, alter ventilation, an-aerobic, oxidative and osmoregulation metabolism of this mussel, which may further influence the trace element bioaccumulation capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Belivermiş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey; International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Principality of Monaco, 98000, Monaco.
| | - Peter W Swarzenski
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Principality of Monaco, 98000, Monaco
| | - François Oberhänsli
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Principality of Monaco, 98000, Monaco
| | - Steven D Melvin
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4215, Australia
| | - Marc Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Principality of Monaco, 98000, Monaco.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Belivermiş M, Besson M, Swarzenski P, Oberhaensli F, Taylor A, Metian M. Influence of pH on Pb accumulation in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 156:111203. [PMID: 32510362 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Changes in seawater pH can alter the chemical speciation of waterborne chemical elements, affecting their bioavailability and, consequently, their bioaccumulation in marine organisms. Here, controlled environmental conditions and a 210Pb radiotracer were used to assess the effect of five distinct pH conditions (pHT ranging from 7.16 to 7.94) on the short-term (9 days) accumulation of Pb in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. After 9 days of exposure, higher levels of Pb were observed in the soft tissues of mussels maintained in the lower pH conditions, while Pb levels accumulated by mussel shells showed no difference across pH conditions. These results suggest that pH decreases such as those predicted by ocean acidification scenarios could enhance Pb contamination in marine organisms, with potential subsequent contamination and effect risks for human consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Belivermiş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Marc Besson
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Peter Swarzenski
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - François Oberhaensli
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Angus Taylor
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Marc Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Metian M, Pouil S, Fowler SW. Radiocesium accumulation in aquatic organisms: A global synthesis from an experimentalist's perspective. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 198:147-158. [PMID: 30611082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the fate of radiocesium in aquatic organisms is essential for making accurate assessments of potential impacts of radiocesium contamination on ecosystems and human health. Studies of the accumulation of 134Cs, 136Cs and 137Cs in diverse biota have been the subject of many field investigations; however, it may often be difficult to understand all the mechanisms underlying the observations reported. To complement field investigations, laboratory experiments allow better understanding the observations and predicting dynamics of Cs within aquatic ecosystems by accurately assessing bioaccumulation of Cs in living organisms. The present review summarizes selected relevant laboratory studies carried out on Cs bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms over a period of more than 60 years. To date, 125 experimental studies have been carried out on 227 species of aquatic organisms since 1957. The present review provides a synthesis of the existing literature by highlighting major findings and identifying gaps of key information that need to be further addressed in future works on this topic. Thus, influences of some environmental parameters such as water chemistry both for marine and freshwater ecosystems, and biotic factors such as the life-stages and size of the organisms on radiocesium bioaccumulation should be examined and become priority topics for future research on Cs accumulation in aquatic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000, Monaco.
| | - Simon Pouil
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000, Monaco
| | - Scott W Fowler
- Institute Bobby, 8 Allée des Orangers, 06320, Cap d'Ail, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lacoue-Labarthe T, Oberhänsli F, Teyssié JL, Metian M. The absence of the pCO 2 effect on dissolved 134Cs uptake in select marine organisms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 192:10-13. [PMID: 29870834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification have been shown to not affect the capacity of bivalves to bioaccumulation 134Cs in their tissue; but as this was studied on only one species to date. There is therefore a need to verify if this holds true for other bivalve species or other marine invertebrates. The present short communication confirms that in the scallop Mimachlamys varia and the prawn Penaeus japonicus, two species that supposedly have a record to preferentially concentrates this radionuclide, that bioconcentration of 134Cs was shown not to be influenced by a decreasing pH (and thereby increasing seawater pCO2). Although the dissolved 134Cs was taken up in a similar manner under different pH values (8.1, 7.8, and 7.5) in both species, being described by a saturation state equilibrium model, the species displayed different bioconcentration capacities of 134Cs: CFss in the prawns was approximately 10-fold higher than in scallops. Such results suggest that the Cs bioconcentration capacity are mainly dependent of the taxa and that uptake processes are independent the physiological ones involved in the biological responses of prawns and scallops to ocean acidification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine Ier, Monaco; Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, France.
| | - François Oberhänsli
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine Ier, Monaco
| | - Jean-Louis Teyssié
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine Ier, Monaco
| | - Marc Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine Ier, Monaco
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sezer N, Kılıç Ö, Metian M, Belivermiş M. Effects of ocean acidification on 109Cd, 57Co, and 134Cs bioconcentration by the European oyster (Ostrea edulis): Biokinetics and tissue-to-subcellular partitioning. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 192:376-384. [PMID: 30048900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The uptake and depuration kinetics of dissolved 109Cd, 57Co and 134Cs were determined experimentally in the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis (Linnaeus, 1758) under different pH conditions (i.e., 8.1, 7.8 and 7.5) for 59 days. Uptake and depuration rates were variable within these elements; no effects were observed under different pH conditions for the uptake biokinetics of 109Cd and 57Co and depuration of 109Cd and 134Cs in oyster. The uptake and depuration rate constants of 134Cs differed during the exposure phase between treatments, while the steady state concentration factors (CFss) were similar. The resulting Cs activity that was purged during short- and long-term depuration phases differed, while the remaining activities after thirty-nine days depuration phase (RA39d) were similar. Co-57 depuration was affected by pCO2 conditions: RA39d were found to be significantly higher in oysters reared in normocapnia (pCO2 = 350 μatm) compared to high pCO2 conditions. Co-57 tissue distribution did not differ among the variable pCO2 conditions, while 109Cd and 134Cs accumulated in soft tissue of oysters were found to be higher under the highest pCO2. Additionally, Cd, Co and Cs were stored differently in various compartments of the oyster cells, i.e. cellular debris, metal-rich granules (MRG) and metallothionein-like proteins (MTLP), respectively. The subcellular sequestration of the elements at the end of the depuration phase did not differ among pH treatments. These results suggest that bioconcentration and tissue/subcellular distribution are element-specific in the oyster, and the effects of higher pCO2 driven acidification and/or coastal acidification variably influence these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narin Sezer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Önder Kılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marc Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a, Quai Antoine Ier, MC, 98000, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Murat Belivermiş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|