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Gu P, Chen M, Sun G. Quality control and evaluation of Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) by three-wavelength fusion fingerprinting and electrochemical fingerprinting combined with antioxidant activity analysis. Food Chem 2024; 450:139303. [PMID: 38615531 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
In this study, Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) was used as an example to provide reference for improving the safety, efficacy and quality consistency of homologous foods. In this study, two quality markers (Q-markers) of 27 batches of Black chokeberry were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and there were some differences among the 27 samples. Origin B samples had the highest levels of Q-markers for S15, and origin C had lower than average levels overall. Samples were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by Systematic Quantitative Fingerprinting (SQFM). Subsequently, a three-wavelength fusion analysis (TWFP) was established on the chromatographic data to compensate for the lack of a single wavelength. Fourteen batches of TWFP samples were rated at Level 5 or above in the SQFM assessment, indicating that there is some variation in the content of samples from different origins. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to observe the differences in chemical composition and content of TWFP samples. Subsequently, electrochemical fingerprinting (ECFP) was established and nine characteristic parameters were recorded, showing that the samples were suppressed for all electrochemical Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillation systems (B-Z oscillation systems). Finally, antioxidant tests were performed using DPPH. The antioxidant capacity was predicted using Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis with R2Y = 0.84, Q2 = 0.77, a good model fit and accurate prediction. The fingerprint-potency relationship between IC50-peak area showed that 17 of the 19 shared peaks were negatively correlated, indicating that 17 peaks contributed significantly to the antioxidant. The methods established in this study for the determination of TWFP and ECFP, as well as the spectral relationships with peak area and IC50, can be used for the quality inspection and antioxidant capacity test of Black chokeberry, which provides a new research direction for improving the quality standard of medicinal and foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifei Gu
- Department of Sport Medical, Institution of Sport and Health, Shenyang Sport College, No. 36, Jinqiansong East Road, Sujiatun District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ming Chen
- School of Pharm1acy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| | - Guoxiang Sun
- School of Pharm1acy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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Champati BB, Das PK, Sahoo C, Ray A, Jena S, Sahoo A, Nayak S, Lata S, Panda PC. Chemical fingerprinting and multicomponent quantitative analysis for quality control of Cinnamomum tamala collected from Western Himalaya by HPLC-DAD. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30361. [PMID: 38737243 PMCID: PMC11088263 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum tamala, commonly known as "Indian bay leaf" or "Tejpat", is an economically important plant widely used in medicine, food and cosmetic industries. Growing demand for its leaf and bark in the herbal trade and non-availability of quality materials lead to large-scale species admixture and adulteration in the global market. The present study aims at developing a validated HPLC-DAD (High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection) method and multiple markers-based chemical fingerprints for quality evaluation of C. tamala leaf extracts. Five bioactive compounds, viz., coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde and cinnamyl acetate, were identified and quantified in 28 samples collected from the western Himalayan region of India. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Shimadzu Shimpak C18 column (dimension 250 × 4.6 mm, pore size 5 μm) with a gradient elution of mobile phase using acetonitrile and 0.1 percent phosphate buffer and the chromatograms were obtained at a wavelength of 265 nm. The method validation was done by analyzing the linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, stability, repeatability and recovery rates of standard compounds for quantitative analysis. The values of coefficient of correlation (R2) were found to be close to 1 for linearity and similarity analysis; and standard deviation was less than 3 percent in case of precision, stability, repeatability and recovery rates. The content of target compounds such as coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde and cinnamyl acetate varied in the range of 0-1.09, 0-0.05, 0.07-0.51, 0.39-1.27 and 0-0.27 percent, respectively. In the chemical fingerprint of C. tamala leaves, a total of 13 peaks were assigned as common peaks. The results of the study indicated that the HPLC method now developed combining chemical fingerprint with quantification of analytes could serve as a useful tool for quality evaluation of herbal raw materials of C. tamala and a valuable reference for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibhuti Bhusan Champati
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751 003, Odisha, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar Das
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751 003, Odisha, India
| | - Chiranjibi Sahoo
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751 003, Odisha, India
| | - Asit Ray
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751 003, Odisha, India
| | - Sudipta Jena
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751 003, Odisha, India
| | - Ambika Sahoo
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751 003, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Nayak
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751 003, Odisha, India
| | - Swaran Lata
- ICFRE-Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Conifer Campus, Panthaghati, Shimla, 171 013, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pratap Chandra Panda
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751 003, Odisha, India
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Borah P, Deka H. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) accumulation in selected medicinal plants: a mini review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:36532-36550. [PMID: 38753233 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The use of plant-based products in healthcare systems has experienced a tremendous rise leading to a substantial increase in global demand. However, the quality and effectiveness of such plant-based treatments are often affected due to contamination of various pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Like other plants, medicinal plants also uptake and accumulate PAHs when exposed to a contaminated environment. The consumption of such medicinal plants and/or plant-based products causes negative effects on health rather than providing any therapeutic advantages. Unfortunately, research focusing on PAH accumulation in medicinal plants has received very limited attention. This review discusses a sizable number of literature regarding the concentration of sixteen priority PAH pollutants as recognised by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in different medicinal plants. The review also highlights the risk assessment of cancer associated with some medicinal plants in terms of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) equivalent concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Borah
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-14, Assam, India
| | - Hemen Deka
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-14, Assam, India.
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Tittikpina NK, Katragunta K, Avula B, Ali Z, Khan IA. Strategy for the quality control of herbal preparations made of Sarcocephalus latifolius: Development and validation of a UHPLC-PDA method for quantification of angustoline and strictosamide and chemical profiling using LC-QToF. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:105-126. [PMID: 36281909 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcocephalus latifolius is one of the most used plants in West African traditional medicine to treat malaria. OBJECTIVE The aim is to establish a strategy to control the quality of herbal preparations made from S. latifolius. METHOD A UHPLC-PDA method was developed for the determination and quantification of the two main bioactive compounds (angustoline and strictosamide) in various parts of the plant. Additionally, an LC-QToF with electrospray ionization method is described for the identification and confirmation of compounds in samples of different parts of the plant. RESULTS With the UHPLC-PDA method, separation was achieved within 5 min using a C18 column stationary phase at a temperature of 45°C and a gradient system with a mobile phase of water and acetonitrile, both containing 0.1% formic acid. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision), limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). The LOD and LOQ of angustoline were found to be 0.3 and 0.8 μg/ml, respectively, and those of strictosamide were found to be 0.1 and 0.3 μg/ml, respectively. Using the LC-QToF method, 90 secondary metabolites, including four isolated compounds from the plant's roots, were identified from leaf, bark, and root samples of S. latifolius. CONCLUSION This work is the first to propose a strategy to control the quality of herbal preparations made from S. latifolius. The developed method allows the quantification of the main bioactive compounds and the established chemical profile allows to distinguish the plant from any other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassifatou Koko Tittikpina
- National Center for Natural Products Research (NCNPR), School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Department of pharmaceutical sciences, Faculty of health sciences, University of Lome, Lomé, Togo
| | - Kumar Katragunta
- National Center for Natural Products Research (NCNPR), School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research (NCNPR), School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research (NCNPR), School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research (NCNPR), School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
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Morais MS, Bonfim DPF, Aguiar ML, Oliveira WP. Electrospun Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Nanofibrous Mat Loaded with Green Propolis Extract, Chitosan and Nystatin as an Innovative Wound Dressing Material. J Pharm Innov 2022; 18:1-15. [PMID: 36061220 PMCID: PMC9427432 DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Purposes The objective of this work was to produce and characterise biodegradable poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibre loaded with green propolis extract (GPE), chitosan (CS) and nystatin (NYS) alone and in mixtures as a potential wound dressing material. Methods The GPE, NYS and CS1% were loaded in electrospinning compositions based on PVA 7%, 8% and 12% solubilised in milli-Q water or a mixture of water and glacial acetic acid. The electrospinning compositions without actives (blank) and those loaded with actives were characterised by determining the pH, electrical conductivity and rheological properties. An image analysis procedure applied to photomicrographs obtained by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) allowed the determination of the nanofibres' diameter distribution and average surface porosity. The disintegration time and swelling ratio of the nanofibre mats were also determined. Results The physicochemical parameters of the electrospinning compositions (pH, electrical conductivity and rheology) and the incorporated active ingredients (GPE, CS and NYS) affected the electrospun nanofibre mats properties. The electrospun nanofibres' mean diameters and surface porosity ranged from 151.5 to 684.5 nm and from 0.29 ± 0.04 to 0.50 ± 0.05. The PVA/CS electrospun nanofibres fibres exhibited the smallest diameters, high surface porosity, water absorption capacity and disintegration time. The characteristics of the PVA/CS nanofibres mat associated with the biodegradability of the polymers make them a novel material with the potential to be applied as wound and burn dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Morais
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Processes, LAPROFAR, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Daniela P. F. Bonfim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University Federal of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Mônica L. Aguiar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University Federal of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Wanderley P. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Processes, LAPROFAR, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903 Brazil
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Balkrishna A, Tomer M, Joshi M, Gujral S, Mishra R, Srivastava J, Varshney A. Standardization and validation of phyto‐metabolites by Ultra‐HPLC and high‐performance thin layer chromatography for rapid quality assessment of ancient ayurvedic medicine, Mahayograj Guggul. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1616-1635. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences University of Patanjali Patanjali Yogpeeth Roorkee‐Haridwar Road Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Meenu Tomer
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Monali Joshi
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Seema Gujral
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Rajesh Mishra
- Department of Dravya‐Guna Patanjali Bhartiya Ayurvigyan avam Anusandhan Sansthan Patanjali Yogpeeth Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Jyotish Srivastava
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences University of Patanjali Patanjali Yogpeeth Roorkee‐Haridwar Road Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
- Special Centre for Systems Medicine Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110 067 India
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Ahmed MA, Ameyaw EO, Ackah-Armah F, Acheampong DO, Amoani B, Ampomah P, Adakudugu EA, Adokoh CK. In vitro and In vivo antimalarial activities of Avicennia africana P. Beauv. (Avicenniaceae) ethanolic leaf extract. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 12:391-401. [PMID: 35747357 PMCID: PMC9210136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Comparative assessment of the foliar micromorphology, phytochemicals and elemental composition of two cultivars of Persea americana Mill leaves. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Acute and Subchronic Oral Safety Profiles of the Sudarshana Suspension. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2891058. [PMID: 33354219 PMCID: PMC7737453 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2891058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Sudarshana powder (SP) is an Ayurvedic preparation, which contains 53 herbal ingredients along with 50% of Andrographis paniculata and is clinically used with bees honey. This study was aimed to determine the safety profile of the SP, and its novel preparation Sudarshana suspension (SS) on male Wistar rats and tolerance studies were conducted for healthy adult volunteers. Acute and subacute toxicity studies of the SS and hot water extract of SP were assessed in Wistar rats by observing the general behavior, analyzing biochemical and haematological parameters, and pathological observation. Healthy consented adult volunteers (n = 35) of either sex were selected, and tolerance studies of SS were tested by measuring the biochemical and haematological parameters. There were no significant (p > 0.05) changes observed in the treated animals with SS and hot water extract of SP compared with control in body weights, food intake, and water consumption as well as the biochemical and haematological parameters. Histopathological studies revealed no significant (p > 0.05) changes in the liver, heart, and kidney tissues. The experimental results suggest that novel formulation SS was potentially safe for chronic administration in rats, and no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in tested parameters on day 3 and day 8 when compared to the day 0 (baseline) values in healthy volunteers. Healthy volunteers did not report any adverse effects or any other complications during the treatment period and the follow-up period. Therefore, it can be concluded that the novel preparation Sudarshana suspension does not cause any significant toxic effects on the blood parameters in animal and human models.
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Toxicological Investigations of Aristolochia longa Root Extracts. J Toxicol 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/7643573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochia longa L. (Aristolochiaceae) is an herbaceous plant recognized in alternative medicine for its many therapeutic virtues. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacotoxicological effects of this plant in order to ensure safe clinical use. The oral toxicity of the aqueous extract of A. longa roots was performed in vivo on Wistar rats at doses of 0.8, 1.25, 2, 2.5, and 5 g/kg/day for 21 days. Clinical signs were observed throughout the experimental period, followed by measurement of body weight change, while selected biochemical parameters, as well as relative organ weights and the histology of liver, kidney, and intestinal tissues, were evaluated after 6, 11, and 16 days and then at the end of 21 days of daily administration. At repeated doses for 21 days, the extract contributed to significant weight gain, in both control and treated rats. The global analysis of hepatic and renal biomarkers showed a significant increase between control and different doses of the extract, from the first to the third week of treatment, indicating the likely toxic effect of the extract on liver and kidney function. Organ toxicity was confirmed by histopathological examination, which revealed greater renal and hepatic parenchymal changes in animals treated with a high dose beyond the 16th day. At the end of the treatment, relatively small size of intestinal villi was also observed. It was concluded that ALAE has a low toxicity potential in nonprolonged oral administrations. However, at high chronic oral doses, A. longa appears to have significant toxicity on the organs tested.
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Soni N, Singh VK, Singh DK. HPLC characterization of molluscicidal component of Tamarindus indica and its mode of action on nervous tissue of Lymnaea acuminata. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2020; 11:131-139. [PMID: 30120053 PMCID: PMC7329724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fasciolosis is a water-borne disease with gastropods snail (Lymnaea acuminata) act as key-link is still burden for mankind especially in developing countries. Snail control is one of the important tools to trim down the frequency of fasciolosis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the toxic effect and inhibitory potential of plant Tamarindus indica and their active constituent on the key enzyme of nervous tissue of snail L. acuminata. METHOD The present study deals with the chromatographic isolation and identification of molluscicidal component from Tamarindus indica bark and its effects on enzymes activities of vector snail L. acuminata. RESULT The toxicity study reveals that among all organic extract ethanol extract of T. indica bark (96 h LC50:127.4 mgL-1) was more effective than other organic extracts. The 96 h LC50 of column purified fraction of T. indica bark was 13.78 mgL-1 respectively. Saponin was isolated, characterized and identified as active molluscicidal component in the bark of T. indica by column chromatography, TLC and HPLC chromatographic methods. The in vivo and in vitro treatment of column purified fraction and saponin has significant inhibition in enzyme AChE, ACP and ALP activities. The study of inhibition kinetics indicates that inhibition of AChE and ALP is competitive, while ACP is uncompetitive in both the treatments. CONCLUSION Thus inhibition of these enzyme activities by T. indica bark column purified fraction and saponin in the snail L. acuminata may be the cause of its molluscicidal activity which leads snail death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Soni
- Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273 009, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Singh
- Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273 009, India.
| | - D K Singh
- Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273 009, India
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A classification of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry techniques for evaluation of chemical composition and quality control of traditional medicines. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1609:460501. [PMID: 31515074 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) and traditional medicines (TMs) are used for treatment of various diseases and also to develop new drugs. However, identification of drug leads within the immense biodiversity of living organisms is a challenging task that requires considerable time, labor, and computational resources as well as the application of modern analytical instruments. LC-MS platforms are widely used for both drug discovery and quality control of TMs and food supplements. Moreover, a large dataset generated during LC-MS analysis contains valuable information that could be extracted and handled by means of various data mining and statistical tools. Novel sophisticated LC-MS based approaches are being introduced every year. Therefore, this review is prepared for the scientists specialized in pharmacognosy and analytical chemistry of NPs as well as working in related areas, in order to navigate them in the world of diverse LC-MS based techniques and strategies currently employed for NP discovery and dereplication, quality control, pattern recognition and sample comparison, and also in targeted and untargeted metabolomic studies. The suggested classification system includes the following LC-MS based procedures: elemental composition determination, isotopic fine structure analysis, mass defect filtering, de novo identification, clustering of the compounds in Molecular Networking (MN), diagnostic fragment ion (or neutral loss) filtering, manual dereplication using MS/MS data, database-assisted peak annotation, annotation of spectral trees, MS fingerprinting, feature extraction, bucketing of LC-MS data, peak profiling, predicted metabolite screening, targeted quantification of biomarkers, quantitative analysis of multi-component system, construction of chemical fingerprints, multi-targeted and untargeted metabolite profiling.
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Rahman S, Ul Haq F, Ali A, Khan MN, Shah SMZ, Adhikhari A, El-Seedi HR, Musharraf SG. Combining untargeted and targeted metabolomics approaches for the standardization of polyherbal formulations through UPLC-MS/MS. Metabolomics 2019; 15:116. [PMID: 31440842 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polyherbal formulations are an integral part of various indigenous medicinal systems such as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Ayurveda. The presence of a very large number of compounds makes the quality control of polyherbal formulations very difficult. OBJECTIVES To overcome this problem, we have developed a comprehensive strategy for the dereplication of natural products in polyherbal formulations by using Adhatoda vasica as a case study. METHODS The strategy is based on five major steps: the collection of plant samples from different locations to observe the effects of environmental variables; LC-ESI-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolite profiling of the plant samples to identify marker compounds using extensive chemometric analysis of the obtained data; the identification of marker compounds in polyherbal products; the isolation, purification and characterization of the marker compounds; and MRM-based quantitative analysis of the isolated marker compounds using LC-ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS Using this strategy, we identified a total of 51 compounds in the methanolic extract of A. vasica plants from 14 accessions. Chemical fingerprinting of the plant led to the identification of characteristic peaks that were used to confirm the presence of A. vasica in complex polyherbal formulations. Four quinazoline alkaloids (marker compounds) were isolated, purified and quantified in various herbal formulations containing A. vasica. CONCLUSION This method demonstrates a comprehensive strategy based on untargeted and targeted metabolite analysis that can be used for the standardization of complex polyherbal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedur Rahman
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Faraz Ul Haq
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Ali
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Noman Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Zaki Shah
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Achyut Adhikhari
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosoy Group, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 574, 75 123, Uppsala, Sweden
- Alrayan Medical College, Medina, 42541, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Zafar S, Dilshad E, Ismail H, Rizvi CB, Mirza B. Rol genes enhance content of artemisinin and other secondary metabolites in Shennong hybrid of Artemisia annua. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Benelli L, Oliveira WP. Fluidized bed coating of inert cores with a lipid-based system loaded with a polyphenol-rich Rosmarinus officinalis extract. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Kharyuk P, Nazarenko D, Oseledets I, Rodin I, Shpigun O, Tsitsilin A, Lavrentyev M. Employing fingerprinting of medicinal plants by means of LC-MS and machine learning for species identification task. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17053. [PMID: 30451976 PMCID: PMC6243014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A dataset of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry measurements of medicinal plant extracts from 74 species was generated and used for training and validating plant species identification algorithms. Various strategies for data handling and feature space extraction were tested. Constrained Tucker decomposition, large-scale (more than 1500 variables) discrete Bayesian Networks and autoencoder based dimensionality reduction coupled with continuous Bayes classifier and logistic regression were optimized to achieve the best accuracy. Even with elimination of all retention time values accuracies of up to 96% and 92% were achieved on validation set for plant species and plant organ identification respectively. Benefits and drawbacks of used algortihms were discussed. Preliminary test showed that developed approaches exhibit tolerance to changes in data created by using different extraction methods and/or equipment. Dataset with more than 2200 chromatograms was published in an open repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kharyuk
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering, Moscow, 143026, Russia. .,Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Dmitry Nazarenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Ivan Oseledets
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering, Moscow, 143026, Russia.,Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Igor Rodin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg Shpigun
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey Tsitsilin
- All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Moscow, 117216, Russia
| | - Mikhail Lavrentyev
- Saratov State University, Department of Botanics and Ecology, Saratov, 410012, Russia
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Chemical profiling of Pterolobium hexapetalum leaves by HPLC analysis and its productive wound healing activities in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:287-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Jafri L, Saleem S, Ihsan-ul-Haq, Ullah N, Mirza B. In vitro assessment of antioxidant potential and determination of polyphenolic compounds of Hedera nepalensis K. Koch. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Mohammed Abubakar B, Mohd Salleh F, Shamsir Omar MS, Wagiran A. Review: DNA Barcoding and Chromatography Fingerprints for the Authentication of Botanicals in Herbal Medicinal Products. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:1352948. [PMID: 28536641 PMCID: PMC5425840 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1352948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, there has been a tremendous increase in the global use of herbal medicinal products (HMPs) due to their claimed health benefits. This has led to increase in their demand and consequently, also, resulted in massive adulteration. This is due to the fact that most of the traditional methods cannot identify closely related species in a process product form. Therefore the urgent need for simple and rapid identification methods resulted in the discovery of a novel technique. DNA barcoding is a process that uses short DNA sequence from the standard genome for species identification. This technique is reliable and is not affected by external factors such as climates, age, or plant part. The difficulties in isolation of DNA of high quality in addition to other factors are among the challenges encountered using the DNA barcoding in the authentication of HMP. These limitations indicated that using DNA barcoding alone may ineffectively authenticate the HMP. Therefore, the combination of DNA barcoding with chromatographic fingerprint, a popular and generally accepted technique for the assessment and quality control of HMP, will offer an efficient solution to effectively evaluate the authenticity and quality consistency of HMP. Detailed and quality information about the main composition of the HMPs will help to ascertain their efficacy and safety as these are very important for quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Mohammed Abubakar
- Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, UTM, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauchi State University Gadau, PMB 065, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Faezah Mohd Salleh
- Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, UTM, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shahir Shamsir Omar
- Department of Biosciences & Health Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, UTM, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Alina Wagiran
- Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, UTM, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Tshitenge DT, Ioset KN, Lami JN, Ndelo-di-Phanzu J, Mufusama JPKS, Bringmann G. Rational quality assessment procedure for less-investigated herbal medicines: Case of a Congolese antimalarial drug with an analytical report. Fitoterapia 2016; 110:189-95. [PMID: 27010420 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicines are the most globally used type of medical drugs. Their high cultural acceptability is due to the experienced safety and efficiency over centuries of use. Many of them are still phytochemically less-investigated, and are used without standardization or quality control. Choosing SIROP KILMA, an authorized Congolese antimalarial phytomedicine, as a model case, our study describes an interdisciplinary approach for a rational quality assessment of herbal drugs in general. It combines an authentication step of the herbal remedy prior to any fingerprinting, the isolation of the major constituents, the development and validation of an HPLC-DAD analytical method with internal markers, and the application of the method to several batches of the herbal medicine (here KILMA) thus permitting the establishment of a quantitative fingerprint. From the constitutive plants of KILMA, acteoside, isoacteoside, stachannin A, and pectolinarigenin-7-O-glucoside were isolated, and acteoside was used as the prime marker for the validation of an analytical method. This study contributes to the efforts of the WHO for the establishment of standards enabling the analytical evaluation of herbal materials. Moreover, the paper describes the first phytochemical and analytical report on a marketed Congolese phytomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieudonné Tshitenge Tshitenge
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, B.P. 212, Kinshasa XI, Congo
| | - Karine Ndjoko Ioset
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - José Nzunzu Lami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, B.P. 212, Kinshasa XI, Congo
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Koy Sita Mufusama
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, B.P. 212, Kinshasa XI, Congo
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Liu JL, Li LY, He GH. Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Conditions for Five Major Bioactive Compounds from Flos Sophorae Immaturus (Cultivars of Sophora japonica L.) Using Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2016; 21:296. [PMID: 26950107 PMCID: PMC6274464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microwave-assisted extraction was applied to extract rutin; quercetin; genistein; kaempferol; and isorhamnetin from Flos Sophorae Immaturus. Six independent variables; namely; solvent type; particle size; extraction frequency; liquid-to-solid ratio; microwave power; and extraction time were examined. Response surface methodology using a central composite design was employed to optimize experimental conditions (liquid-to-solid ratio; microwave power; and extraction time) based on the results of single factor tests to extract the five major components in Flos Sophorae Immaturus. Experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis. Data were also analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Optimal extraction conditions were as follows: extraction solvent; 100% methanol; particle size; 100 mesh; extraction frequency; 1; liquid-to-solid ratio; 50:1; microwave power; 287 W; and extraction time; 80 s. A rapid and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (EIS-Q-TOF MS/MS) was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of rutin; quercetin; genistein; kaempferol; and isorhamnetin in Flos Sophorae Immaturus. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Kinetex C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 2.6 μm) at 40 °C within 5 min. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile (71:29; v/v). Isocratic elution was carried out at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. The constituents of Flos Sophorae Immaturus were simultaneously identified by EIS-Q-TOF MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring mode. During quantitative analysis; all of the calibration curves showed good linear relationships (R² > 0.999) within the tested ranges; and mean recoveries ranged from 96.0216% to 101.0601%. The precision determined through intra- and inter-day studies showed an RSD% of <2.833%. These results demonstrate that the developed method is accurate and effective and could be readily utilized for the comprehensive quality control of Flos Sophorae Immaturus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Liang Liu
- Institute of Material Medical Planting, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica (Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources), Chongqing Sub-Center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing 400065, China.
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Long-Yun Li
- Institute of Material Medical Planting, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica (Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources), Chongqing Sub-Center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing 400065, China.
| | - Guang-Hua He
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Patra JK, Das SK, Thatoi H. Phytochemical profiling and bioactivity of a mangrove plant, Sonneratia apetala, from Odisha Coast of India. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 21:274-85. [PMID: 25253550 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1854-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer and antibacterial activities along with phytochemicals of Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. METHODS The antibacterial activity was determined by agar well diffusion method. The antioxidant activity was determined by standard assay. The antidiabetic activity was evaluated by α-glucosidase inhibition assay and in vivo anticancer property was determined against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in Swiss Albino mice. Further partial characterization of the methanol extracts was carried out by thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Fourier transform-infra red spectrum spectral analysis. RESULTS Four solvent extracts (acetone, ethanol, methanol and aqueous) of leaf and bark possess strong antioxidant properties. In vivo anticancer activity of methanol extract leaf indicated positive activity showing 34% inhibition against EAC cells in Swiss Albino mice. All extracts exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner indicating presence of promising antidiabetic properties. The extracts possess strong antibacterial activity against the selected pathogenic bacteria (minimal inhibitory concentration ranging from 1.25-5.00 mg/mL). The partial characterization of the methanol extracts of leaf and bark revealed the presence of phenolics as the lead compound responsible for studied bioactivities of the plant extracts. CONCLUSION Sonneratia apetala extracts have potent antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer properties which can be further exploited for its pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
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23
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Ezenyi IC, Salawu OA, Kulkarni R, Emeje M. Antiplasmodial activity-aided isolation and identification of quercetin-4'-methyl ether in Chromolaena odorata leaf fraction with high activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:4415-22. [PMID: 25199554 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract and gradient fractions through in vivo and in vitro tests, aimed at identifying its antiplasmodial constituents. Sub-fractions obtained from the most active gradient fraction were further tested for cytotoxicity against THP-1 cells, chloroquine-sensitive (HB3) and chloroquine-resistant (FCM29) Plasmodium falciparum. Our results showed the dichloromethane gradient fraction was most effective, significantly (P < 0.05) suppressing infection by 99.46% at 100 mg/kg body weight. Amongst its 13 sub-fractions (DF1-DF13), DF11 was highly active, with IC50 of 4.8 and 6.74 μg/ml against P. falciparum HB3 and FCM29, respectively. Cytotoxicity of DF11 was estimated to be above 50 μg/ml, and its separation by column chromatography yielded a flavonoid which was characterized as 3, 5, 7, 3' tetrahydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone from its spectroscopic data. It significantly suppressed infection (65.43-81.48%) in mice at 2.5-5 mg/kg doses and compared favourably with the effects of chloroquine and artemisinin. It may therefore serve as a useful phytochemical and antiplasmodial activity marker of C. odorata leaves, which exhibit potential for development as medicine against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Ezenyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, Abuja, Nigeria,
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Wu X, He J, Xu H, Bi K, Li Q. Quality assessment of Cinnamomi Ramulus by the simultaneous analysis of multiple active components using high-performance thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2490-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Wu
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Jiao He
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Huarong Xu
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
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Sharma A, Verma R, Ramteke P. Cyperus rotundus: A potential novel source of therapeutic compound against urinary tract pathogens. J Herb Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bansal A, Chhabra V, Rawal RK, Sharma S. Chemometrics: A new scenario in herbal drug standardization. J Pharm Anal 2014; 4:223-233. [PMID: 29403886 PMCID: PMC5761221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatography and spectroscopy techniques are the most commonly used methods in standardization of herbal medicines but the herbal system is not easy to analyze because of their complexity of chemical composition. Many cutting-edge analytical technologies have been introduced to evaluate the quality of medicinal plants and significant amount of measurement data has been produced. Chemometric techniques provide a good opportunity for mining more useful chemical information from the original data. Then, the application of chemometrics in the field of medicinal plants is spontaneous and necessary. Comprehensive methods and hyphenated techniques associated with chemometrics used for extracting useful information and supplying various methods of data processing are now more and more widely used in medicinal plants, among which chemometrics resolution methods and principal component analysis (PCA) are most commonly used techniques. This review focuses on the recent various important analytical techniques, important chemometrics tools and interpretation of results by PCA, and applications of chemometrics in quality evaluation of medicinal plants in the authenticity, efficacy and consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Bansal
- Indo-Soviet Friendship (ISF) College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Vikas Chhabra
- Indo-Soviet Friendship (ISF) College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Ravindra K Rawal
- Indo-Soviet Friendship (ISF) College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Simant Sharma
- Indo-Soviet Friendship (ISF) College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
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Kiazolu JB, Zhang L, Intisar A, Wang Y, Zhang R, Wu Z, Zhang W. RP-HPLC SEPARATION AND STATISTICAL DATA PROCESSING OF DIFFERENT BATCHES OF AERIAL PARTS OF JOLOGBO. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.733998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Boima Kiazolu
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Lingyi Zhang
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Azeem Intisar
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Runsheng Zhang
- b Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Crime Scene Evidence , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Zhongping Wu
- b Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Crime Scene Evidence , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Weibing Zhang
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , P. R. China
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Zimmermam-Franco DC, Bolutari EB, Polonini HC, do Carmo AMR, das Graças A. M. Chaves M, Raposo NRB. Antifungal activity of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf oleoresin against dermatophytes. Molecules 2013; 18:12561-70. [PMID: 24126374 PMCID: PMC6270220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181012561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytoses are mycoses that affect keratinized tissues in both humans and animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of the oleoresin extracted from Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. against the strains Microsporum canis ATCC 32903, Microsporum gypseum ATCC 14683, Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 11481 and Trichophyton rubrum CCT 5507. The antimicrobial activity was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values. Ketoconazole and terbinafine were used as reference drugs. The copaiba oleoresin showed moderate fungicidal activity against T. mentagrophytes ATCC 11481 (MIC and MFC = 170 μg mL−1) and weak fungicidal activity against T. rubrum CCT 5507 (MIC = 1,360 μg mL−1 and MFC = 2,720 μg mL−1). There was no activity against M. canis ATCC 32903 and M. gypseum ATCC 14683. SEM analysis revealed physical damage and morphological alterations such as compression and hyphae clustering in the structure of the fungi exposed to the action of the oleoresin. The results stimulate the achievement of in vivo assays to confirm the benefits of the application of oleoresin extracted from copaiba in the treatment of dermatophytosis, both in humans and in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle C. Zimmermam-Franco
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Ciências da Saúde (NUPICS), Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.C.Z.-F.); (E.B.B.); (H.C.P.)
| | - Edilene B. Bolutari
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Ciências da Saúde (NUPICS), Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.C.Z.-F.); (E.B.B.); (H.C.P.)
| | - Hudson C. Polonini
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Ciências da Saúde (NUPICS), Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.C.Z.-F.); (E.B.B.); (H.C.P.)
| | - Antônio Márcio R. do Carmo
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (A.M.R.C.); (M.G.A.M.C.)
| | - Maria das Graças A. M. Chaves
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (A.M.R.C.); (M.G.A.M.C.)
| | - Nádia R. B. Raposo
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Ciências da Saúde (NUPICS), Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.C.Z.-F.); (E.B.B.); (H.C.P.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +55-32-2102-3809
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Joel Mjiqiza S, Abraham Syce J, Chibuzo Obikeze K. Pulmonary effects and disposition of luteolin and Artemisia afra extracts in isolated perfused lungs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:648-655. [PMID: 23920249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia afra (Asteraceae) is a traditional medicinal plant frequently used in steam inhalation form to treat respiratory conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY Quantify luteolin content in Artemisia afra dried crude and aqueous extract. Evaluate the pulmonary effects of Artemisia afra steam inhalation, nebulized Artemisia afra extract and luteolin in isolated perfused lungs (IPL). Evaluate the pulmonary disposition of intravenously administered luteolin. MATERIALS AND METHODS HPLC was used to quantify luteolin in Artemisia afra extracts. A modified version of the IPL was used to determine the effects of Artemisia afra steam inhalation, nebulized luteolin, and nebulized aqueous leaf extract on lung function, as well as the pulmonary disposition of IV luteolin. RESULTS Artemisia afra extract contained significantly higher luteolin levels than the crude dried leaves. Inhaled Artemisia afra steam, and nebulized luteolin, and Artemisia afra extract and IV luteolin produced significant dose-dependent improvements in lung function, with nebulized Artemisia afra producing the greatest improvements. Nebulisation with Artemisia afra extract yielded higher quantities of luteolin than luteolin nebulisation. CONCLUSION Results verify the traditional use of inhalation of Artemisia afra steam, although nebulized luteolin and aqueous extract are better alternatives. Luteolin significantly contributes to the bronchodilatory effects of Artemisia afra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizwe Joel Mjiqiza
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Upadhyay A, Singh VK, Singh DK. CHARACTERIZATION OF MOLLUSCICIDAL COMPONENT OF Moringa oleifera LEAF AND Momordica charantia FRUITS AND THEIR MODES OF ACTION IN SNAIL Lymnaea acuminata. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652013000400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY The molluscicidal activity of the leaf powder of Moringa oleifera and lyophilized fruit powder of Momordica charantia against the snail Lymnaea acuminata was time and concentration dependent. M. oleifera leaf powder (96 h LC50: 197.59 ppm) was more toxic than M. charantia lyophilized fruit powder (96 h LC50: 318.29 ppm). The ethanolic extracts of M. oleifera leaf powder and Momordica charantia lyophilized fruit powder were more toxic than other organic solvent extracts. The 96 h LC50 of the column purified fraction of M. oleifera leaf powder was 22.52 ppm, while that of M. charantia lyophilized fruit powder was 6.21 ppm. Column, thin layer and high performance liquid chromatography analysis show that the active molluscicidal components in M. oleifera leaf powder and lyophilized fruit of M. charantia are benzylamine (96 h LC50: 2.3 ppm) and momordicine (96 h LC50: 1.2 ppm), respectively. Benzylamine and momordicine significantly inhibited, in vivo and in vitro, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP/ALP) activities in the nervous tissues of L. acuminata. Inhibition of AChE, ACP and ALP activity in the nervous tissues of L. acuminata by benzylamine and momordicine may be responsible for the molluscicidal activity of M. oleifera and M. charantia fruits, respectively.
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Mahmood A, Rashid S, Malik RN. Determination of toxic heavy metals in indigenous medicinal plants used in Rawalpindi and Islamabad cities, Pakistan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 148:158-164. [PMID: 23608242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE History of medicinal plants used in local healthcare systems dates back centuries as the user considers them safe from toxic effects. Present study was aimed to document the commonly used indigenous medicinal plants and to investigate the metal toxicity and impact of pollution load in most frequently used medicinal plants from study area. MATERIAL AND METHODS Semi-structured interviews and rapid appraisal approach were employed to record the ethnomedicinal information and toxic metals were analyzed through flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 21 wild medicinal plants was reported, and 7 were screened for toxic metal analysis. Oral mode of application (93%) was the chief route of herbal remedy administration, and leaves were found to be used as major plant part against different diseases. Main sources of remedies were wild herb (68%) followed by wild trees (18%), wild spiny shrubs (09%) and wild shrubs (5%). Trend of metal concentration was found as Fe>Ni>Cr>Pb>Cu>Zn>Mn>Cd. Indigenous medicinal plants of both cities posed the toxicity risk for Ni, Cu, Fe and crossed the safety limits set by WHO. CONCLUSION Medicinal plants of Rawalpindi were more toxic compared to the medicinal plants of Islamabad. Prolonged intake or over dose of these medicinal plants may lead to chronic accumulation of various elements that may cause severe hazardous effect upon human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Mahmood
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, PO 45320, Pakistan
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Anticancer activity and chromatography characterization of methanol extract of Heritiera fomes Buch. Ham., a mangrove plant from Bhitarkanika, India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-013-0113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chaisawangwong W, Gritsanapan W. Quality assessment and scavenging activity of Siamese neem flower extract. Nat Prod Res 2013; 27:394-401. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.706295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Cortés-Rojas DF, Chagas-Paula DA, Da Costa FB, Souza CR, Oliveira WP. Bioactive compounds in Bidens pilosa L. populations: a key step in the standardization of phytopharmaceutical preparations. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2012005000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Patra J, Gouda S, Sahoo S, Thatoi H. Chromatography separation, 1H NMR analysis and bioautography screening of methanol extract of Excoecaria agallocha L. from Bhitarkanika, Orissa, India. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Ngcobo M, Nkala B, Moodley I, Gqaleni N. Recommendations for the development of regulatory guidelines for registration of traditional medicines in South Africa. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2012; 9:59-66. [PMID: 23983321 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v9i1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The regulation and registration of traditional medicines (TM) continues to present challenges to many countries regardless of the fact that an increased number of the population utilises TM for their health care needs. There have been improvements in the legal and policy framework of South Africa based on the WHO guidelines. However, there are currently no guidelines or framework for the registration of TM in South Africa. This article reviews literature and existing guidelines of specific countries and regions and makes recommendations for South African guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ngcobo
- Traditional Medicine Laboratory, Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban, South Africa
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Protective effect of two edible mushrooms against oxidative cell damage and their phenolic composition. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Upadhyay A, Singh DK. Molluscicidal activity of Sapindus mukorossi and Terminalia chebula against the freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminata. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 83:468-474. [PMID: 21215991 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The molluscicidal activity of Sapindus mukorossi and Terminalia chebula fruit powder against the vector snail Lymnaea acuminata was time and concentration dependent. The molluscicidal activity of T. chebula fruit powder (96 h LC(50):93.59 mg L(-1)) was more pronounced than that of S. mukorossi fruit powder (96 h LC(50):119.57 mg L(-1)). Ethanolic extracts of S. mukorossi and T. chebula fruit powder were more toxic than their other organic solvent extracts. The molluscicidal activity of ethanolic extract of S. mukorossi fruit powder (24h LC(50):2.75 mg L(-1)) was more effective than the ethanolic extract of T. chebula fruit powder (24h LC(50):124.06 mg L(-1)). The 96 h LC(50) of column-purified fraction of S. mukorossi fruit powder was 5.43 mg L(-1) whereas those of T. chebula fruit powder was 7.49 mg L(-1). Column, thin layer and high performance liquid chromatography analysis demonstrates that the active molluscicidal component in S. mukorossi and T. chebula is saponin (96 h LC(50):1.31 mg L(-1)) and tannic acid (96 h LC(50):1.64 mg L(-1)), respectively. These plants may be used as potent source of molluscicides against the snail L. acuminata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Upadhyay
- Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273 009, UP, India
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Tilton R, Paiva AA, Guan JQ, Marathe R, Jiang Z, van Eyndhoven W, Bjoraker J, Prusoff Z, Wang H, Liu SH, Cheng YC. A comprehensive platform for quality control of botanical drugs (PhytomicsQC): a case study of Huangqin Tang (HQT) and PHY906. Chin Med 2010; 5:30. [PMID: 20727161 PMCID: PMC2940884 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-5-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Establishing botanical extracts as globally-accepted polychemical medicines and a new paradigm for disease treatment, requires the development of high-level quality control metrics. Based on comprehensive chemical and biological fingerprints correlated with pharmacology, we propose a general approach called PhytomicsQC to botanical quality control. Methods Incorporating the state-of-the-art analytical methodologies, PhytomicsQC was employed in this study and included the use of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) for chemical characterization and chemical fingerprinting, differential cellular gene expression for bioresponse fingerprinting and animal pharmacology for in vivo validation. A statistical pattern comparison method, Phytomics Similarity Index (PSI), based on intensities and intensity ratios, was used to determine the similarity of the chemical and bioresponse fingerprints among different manufactured batches. Results Eighteen batch samples of Huangqin Tang (HQT) and its pharmaceutical grade version (PHY906) were analyzed using the PhytomicsQC platform analysis. Comparative analysis of the batch samples with a clinically tested standardized batch obtained values of PSI similarity between 0.67 and 0.99. Conclusion With rigorous quality control using analytically sensitive and comprehensive chemical and biological fingerprinting, botanical formulations manufactured under standardized manufacturing protocols can produce highly consistent batches of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Tilton
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School Of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Characterization of new types of stationary phases for fast and ultra-fast liquid chromatography by signal processing based on AutoCovariance Function: A case study of application to Passiflora incarnata L. extract separations. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4355-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mukinda JT, Eagles PFK. Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity profiles of the aqueous extract of Polygala fruticosa in female mice and rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 128:236-240. [PMID: 20079821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polygala fruticosa (P.J. Bergius) is one of the most popular medicinal plants in South Africa but to date there is no documented evidence corroborating its safety. This study thus aimed to determine the toxicity profile of the aqueous extract of Polygala fruticosa by determining its effects after acute and sub-chronic oral administration in female mice and rats, respectively. In adult mice, single oral administrations of the aqueous extract of Polygala fruticosa (2-20 g/kg body weight) induced an increase in the incidence of general behavioural adverse effects. The mortality rate also increases with increasing dosage (LD(50)=10.8 g/kg). In rats, daily single oral doses of Polygala fruticosa aqueous extract (0.1 and 1g/kg) were well tolerated behaviourally after 31 days of dosing (LD(50) much higher than 1g/kg) and induced no significant changes in body and organs weights. However, haematological and biochemical parameters showed a significant decrease in platelet count and significant increases in ALT, AST and creatinine levels suggesting disturbances of haemopoiesis, liver and kidney functions. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that Polygala fruticosa is non-toxic and has, at low dose, a low toxicity potential in acute and chronic oral administrations, respectively. However, at high chronic oral doses, Polygala fruticosa has significant anti-haemopoietic, hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Mukinda
- South African Traditional Medicines Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
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Prabhakar KR, Veerapur VP, Parihar KV, Priyadarsini KI, Rao BSS, Unnikrishnan MK. Evaluation and optimization of radioprotective activity ofCoronopus didymusLinn. in γ-irradiated mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 82:525-36. [PMID: 16966180 DOI: 10.1080/09553000600876686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and optimize the radioprotective ability of the most potent fraction of an aqueous extract of Coronopus didymus in whole body gamma-irradiated Swiss albino mice and to evaluate the antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation of the livers of the surviving mice. To correlate the free radical scavenging studies with in vivo radioprotection ability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Swiss albino mice were treated with either vehicle or the different doses of extract/fraction suspension by an i.p. route, 30 min before exposure to 10 Gy gamma-irradiation and the animals were monitored twice daily for any signs of radiation toxicity and mortality. Radiation dose response (7-11 Gy), optimization of route, time of drug administration and evaluation of dose response factor (DRF) at the best dose of the fraction was studied. Endogenous antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation of the livers of the mice surviving on the 31st day was evaluated by using spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS The most active free radical scavenging fraction (CDF1) as assessed by competition kinetic studies using pulse radiolysis showed maximum in vivo radioprotection of 70% at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight (bw) compared to corresponding 10 Gy irradiated control. Optimum radioprotection was observed upon i.p. administration, 30 min prior to 10 Gy irradiation and DRF at a dose of 400 mg/kg bw for 30 day survival was found to be 1.07. The levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in the CDF1 treated surviving mice were found to reverse back to their normal levels. CONCLUSIONS The optimum dose, time and route of drug administration for maximum radioprotection by CDF1 were determined. The reversal of the levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation indicates reduced oxidative stress in CDF1 treated surviving mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Prabhakar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, India
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Katerere DR, Stockenström S, Thembo KM, Rheeder JP, Shephard GS, Vismer HF. A preliminary survey of mycological and fumonisin and aflatoxin contamination of African traditional herbal medicines sold in South Africa. Hum Exp Toxicol 2009; 27:793-8. [PMID: 19244286 DOI: 10.1177/0960327108099535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Traditional medicine is an important aspect of healthcare delivery in South Africa and is used by at least 70% of the country's population. The trade in medicinal plants is a multi-million rand business which is a major driver for rural economies. However, the conditions in which these plant products are transported and stored make them prone to fungal contamination which results in economic losses to the traders and pose potential health hazards to consumers. Of major concern is the possible presence of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins. This study assessed fungal and mycotoxin contamination of African herbal products sold in Cape Town and Tshwane (formerly Pretoria) in South Africa. Of the 16 samples analyzed, 15 were contaminated with at least one of these three fungal genera: Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. Fumonisin B(1) was present in 13 of the samples in quantities ranging from 14 to 139 microg/kg (detection limit 5 microg/kg). None of the samples was contaminated with aflatoxigenic fungi or aflatoxin (detection limit 0.5 microg/kg). This is the first study to report on mycological and mycotoxin contamination of commercial traditional African medicines in South Africa. There is a need to expand the study to other urban centers to gain enough insight into this problem and then to intervene with measures that can protect the public from potential harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Katerere
- Programme on Mycotoxins and Experimental Carcinogenesis (PROMEC), Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa.
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Street RA, Stirk WA, Van Staden J. South African traditional medicinal plant trade-Challenges in regulating quality, safety and efficacy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 119:705-710. [PMID: 18638533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Based on the long history of medicinal plant use, users of traditional medicines accept that they are safe for human consumption. However, the absence of regulation of the medicinal plant trade in aspects such as collection, processing and storage provides no such guarantee. Environmental pollution, misidentification and adulteration provides further grounds for concern. The potential adverse effects of South African traditional medicines are not well documented. There are only a few investigations of mutagenic properties and heavy metal contamination. In the absence of regulatory controls, the safety and quality of medicinal plants vary considerably. The current comprehension and future challenges regarding quality, safety and efficacy of South African traditional medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Street
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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Identification of vibriocidal compounds from medicinal plants using chromatographic fingerprinting. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9855-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Liu F, Ren D, Guo DA, Pan Y, Zhang H, Hu P. Method Development for Gypenosides Fingerprint by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection and the Addition of Internal Standard. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:389-93. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Dequan Ren
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology
| | - De-an Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yifeng Pan
- Shanghai Sundise Chinese Medicine Technology Development Co., Ltd
| | - Huzhe Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Ping Hu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology
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Zhou X, Lin J, Yin Y, Zhao J, Sun X, Tang K. Ganodermataceae: natural products and their related pharmacological functions. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2007; 35:559-74. [PMID: 17708623 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x07005065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to review the natural products and the pharmacological functions of Ganodermataceae family. Presently, studies on the bioactive components of Lingzhi are focused on polysaccharides and triterpenes/triterpenoids compounds. New Ganoderma polysaccharides, including their molecular weights, glycosyl residue compositions, glycosyl linkage and branches, are summarized in this paper. Also presented are new types of triterpenes and their characteristics from Lingzhi. Taking Ganoderma lucidum as an example, we reviewed its pharmacological functions in anti-tumor and immune-modulating activities for treating hypoglycemosis, hepatoprotection, and the effect on blood vessel system. Based on the advances in Lingzhi research in the past few decades, both G. lucidum and G. sinense are considered as the representative species of medicinal mushroom Lingzhi in China. Until 2001, G. tsugae was only advised to be used as the materials of the health products. The biologically-active components related to pharmacological functions of these three species were studied more than other Ganodermataceae family species; however, which have been used in less modern folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanwei Zhou
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 20030, China.
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