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Anand Ganapathy A, Hari Priya VM, Kumaran A. Medicinal plants as a potential source of Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113536. [PMID: 33137431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The prevalence and distress caused by erectile dysfunction (ED) to both male and female partners are increasing at a steady rate. ED has now become the most treated sexual disorder for men among young and old age groups due to varying physical and psychological factors. The treatment with synthetic Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors are cost-effective but due to adverse effects such as priapism, loss of vision, heart attack and syncope, the daily life patterns of these patients are distressed and hence the need for alternative medicaments or sources are of utmost important. Therefore, the exploration of medicinal plants as PDE5 inhibitors will be worthwhile in tackling the problems as many plant extracts and fractions have been long used as aphrodisiacs and sexual stimulants which may be found to be active against PDE5 enzyme. AIM OF THE STUDY To provide a review on the different medicinal herbs traditionally used as natural aphrodisiacs, libido or sexual enhancers which are proven for their PDE5 inhibitory effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical and scientific information was procured, reviewed and compiled from the literature search of electronic databases and search engines. RESULTS A total of 97 medicinal plants exhibiting PDE5 inhibitory effect are reviewed in this paper which is supported by preclinical experimental evidence. Among them, 77 plants have been selected according to their traditional and ethnobotanical uses as aphrodisiacs and the rest are screened according to their effectiveness against predisposing factors responsible for ED and sexual dysfunction such as diabetes and hypertension or due to the presence of phytochemicals having structural similarity towards the identified natural PDE5 inhibitors. In addition, sixteen alkaloids, sixty-one phenolics and eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been isolated or identified from active extracts or fractions that are exhibiting PDE5 inhibitory activity. Among them, isoflavones and biflavones are the major active constituents responsible for action, where the presence of prenyl group for isoflavones; and the methoxy group at C-5 position of flavones are considered essential for the inhibitory effect. However, the prenylated flavonol glycoside, Icariin and Icariside II isolated from Epimedium brevicornum Maxim (hory goat weed) are the most effective inhibitor, till date from natural sources. Traditional medicines or formulations containing extracts of Ginkgo biloba L., Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex Baker, Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp., Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Vitis vinifera L. are also found to be inhibitors of PDE5 enzyme. CONCLUSION The review suggests and supports the rational use of traditional medicines that can be further studied for the development of potential PDE5 inhibitors. Many traditional medicines are still used in various regions of Africa, Asia and South America that are poorly characterized and experimented. Despite the availability of a vast majority of traditional formulations as aphrodisiacs or sexual stimulants, there exists a need for systemic evaluation on the efficacy as well as the mechanism of action of the herbal constituents for the identification of novel chemical moieties that can be further developed for maximum efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Anand Ganapathy
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - V M Hari Priya
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Alaganandam Kumaran
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India.
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Xu M, Heidmarsson S, de Boer HJ, Kool A, Olafsdottir ES. Ethnopharmacology of the club moss subfamily Huperzioideae (Lycopodiaceae, Lycopodiophyta): A phylogenetic and chemosystematic perspective. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 245:112130. [PMID: 31376517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The most speciose subfamily Huperzioideae (Lycopodiaceae, Lycopodiophyta) contains about 276 species, and some (ca. 20 species) have traditionally been used for the treatment of e.g., dementia, rheumatism and traumatic injury. Ethnopharmacological studies have also contributed to the development of huperzine A as a drug lead, a compound first isolated from the club moss Huperzia serrata (Thunb. ex Murray) Trevis. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review, with a phylogenetic and chemosystematic perspective, intends to highlight plant identification challenges in these taxa with examples from club moss phytochemical and ethnopharmacological studies, as these lead to data inconsistency and confusion. We suggest that future studies should include more details on plant identification including for example plant specimen images and DNA barcoding data. An integrative approach combining DNA barcoding and chemical fingerprinting is also introduced. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature concerning ethnopharmacology and chemosystematics of Huperzioideae club mosses was searched from databases, e.g. PubMed, Web of Science, SciFinder, etc. Plant names were retrieved from original publications, and compared with up-to-date taxonomic and phylogenetic status. Ethnobotanical uses and herbal preparations were summarized. Production of certain pharmaceutically interesting compounds, such as the alkaloid huperzine A, was explored in a phylogenetic context. RESULTS Most traditionally used club mosses are associated with psychoactivity, followed by medicinal uses against rheumatism and traumatic injury. Herbs are often prepared as infusions, decoctions or tinctures, and this implies importance of water- or aqueous-alcohol-soluble substances, such as alkaloids. Most ethnopharmacological papers on club mosses need to update or correct plant names according to recent taxonomic nomenclature, and there are still a number of unidentified species with traditional use. Advanced LC-MS chemical profiling techniques, enable distinction of genotypes of the same species as well as annotation of potential chemotaxonomic markers. In combination with DNA barcoding, chemosystematics could also help us select plant taxa with higher pharmaceutical potential. Caution should be taken when interpreting bioassay results, in terms of compounds or extract preparation and bioassay standardization. CONCLUSION Huperzioideae club mosses have interesting pharmaceutical potential supported by ethnopharmacological investigations. Bioprospecting of these plants should be preceded by careful plant identification to produce consistent and reproducible data. We expect that DNA barcoding and LC-MS-based chemical fingerprinting could facilitate and improve ethnopharmaceutical studies in selection of club moss taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maonian Xu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, IS-107, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Starri Heidmarsson
- Akureyri Division, Icelandic Institute of Natural History, IS-600, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Hugo J de Boer
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, NO-0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anneleen Kool
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, NO-0318, Oslo, Norway
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Kim Thu D, Vui DT, Ngoc Huyen NT, Duyen DK, Thanh Tung B. The use of Huperzia species for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0159/jbcpp-2019-0159.xml. [PMID: 31778363 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), which relates to nervous degeneration, is the most popular form of memory loss. The pathogenesis of AD is not fully understood, and there are no therapies for this disorder. Some drugs have been used in clinical applications for preventing and treating AD, but they have significant adverse reactions. Therefore, there is a need to develop treatment for AD. Traditional medicine has used many medicinal plants to alleviate the symptoms of AD. Medicinal plants may reduce neurodegenerative disorders with fewer side effects than chemical drugs, and they are promising drug candidates for AD therapy. This review is the summary of the pathogenesis and treatments of AD and includes information about the chemistry and bioactivities of some medicinal plants from the Huperzia species, such as Huperzia saururus, Huperzia selago, Huperzia phlegmaria, Huperzia fargesii, Huperzia serrata, Huperzia reflexa and Huperzia quadrifariata, that are used for the treatment of AD. We searched literature, including Medline, Embase, Google Scholar and PubMed database, and did a bibliographic review of relevant articles. Key words included Huperzia species, huperzine, huperin, Huperzia and Alzheimer's disease. We found that the main bioactive compounds of the Huperzia species are alkaloids, which have shown significant effects on preventing the development of AD. They are new promising compounds against AD due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities in the neural system. Our conclusion from this review is that the Huperzia species are potential source containing various pharmaceutical compounds for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Kim Thu
- VNU School of Medicine and Pharmacy Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dao Thi Vui
- Ha Noi University of Pharmacy, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | | | - Duong Ky Duyen
- VNU School of Medicine and Pharmacy Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Bui Thanh Tung
- VNU School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 144 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay Ha Noi, Viet Nam
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Vallejo MG, Corzo ME, Ortega MG, Agnese AM. 12α-hydroxy- N-demethyl-sauroxine, a lycodane type alkaloid from Phlegmariurus saururus. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:1270-1275. [PMID: 30856017 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1560287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
12α-hydroxy-N-demethyl-sauroxine (1), another new Lycopodium alkaloid from the Lycodane group, was isolated from Phlegmariurus saururus (Lam.) B. Øllg. (Lycopodiaceae). Elucidation of the chemical structure and relative stereochemistry were stated by spectroscopic data and chemical correlation. In addition, the inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase for 1 was determined as well as for N-methyllycodine (2), a derivative with the same nucleus, previously identified in P. saururus (IC50 = 33.8 ± 0.8 μM and 547.5 ± 0.5 μM, respectively) and N-demethylsauroxine (3) whose inhibition in the actual conditions was better than the previously informed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Vallejo
- IMBIV-CONICET and Farmacognosia, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre
| | - Marcos E Corzo
- IMBIV-CONICET and Farmacognosia, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre
| | - María Gabriela Ortega
- IMBIV-CONICET and Farmacognosia, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre
| | - Alicia Mariel Agnese
- IMBIV-CONICET and Farmacognosia, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre
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Deeh Defo PB, Asongu E, Wankeu MN, Ngadjui E, Bonsou Fazin GR, Kemka FX, Carro-Juarez M, Kamanyi A, Kamtchouing P, Watcho P. Guibourtia tessmannii-induced fictive ejaculation in spinal male rat: involvement of D 1, D 2-like receptors. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1138-1143. [PMID: 28218041 PMCID: PMC6130475 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1291692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Guibourtia tessmannii (Caesalpiniaceae) is a plant traditionally used as aphrodisiac. We previously reported the pro-ejaculatory effects of the aqueous and methanol extracts of G. tesmannii in spinal male rat. However, the mechanism underlying such effects has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE This study characterizes the dopaminergic sub-type receptors involved in G. tesmannii-induced ejaculation in male Wistar rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS Urethane-anesthetized spinal male rats were intravenously treated with saline solution (1 mL/kg, control); dopamine (0.1 μmol/kg, reference); aqueous or methanol extracts of G. tesmannii (20 mg/kg) in the absence or presence of haloperidol (0.26 μmol/kg), a nonspecific dopaminergic receptor antagonist, Sch23390 (0.26 μmol/kg), a specific D1-like receptor antagonist or, sulpiride (0.26 μmol/kg), a specific D2-like receptor antagonist. Electromyography of the bulbospongiosus muscles and intraseminal pressure were recorded after urethral, penile and drug stimulations. RESULTS Urethral and penile stimulations, intravenous injection of dopamine or, aqueous and methanol extracts of G. tesmannii always triggered the expression of rhythmic contraction of the bulbospongiosus muscles with an average mean of 3.33 ± 0.43; 7.83 ± 0.85; 9.80 ± 0.86; 0.83 ± 0.54 and 2.67 ± 0.95 contractions, respectively. The intraseminal pressure was more expressed after urethral and penile stimulations (15.66 ± 1.58 and 13.60 ± 2.40 mmHg, respectively). In rats pretreated with haloperidol, Sch23390 or sulpiride, no ejaculation was recorded after intravenous injection of G. tesmannii extracts or dopamine. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Guibourtia tesmannii-induced ejaculation requires the integrity of D1 and D2-like receptors. These findings further justify the ethno-medicinal claims of G. tesmannii as an aphrodisiac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Brice Deeh Defo
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Elvis Asongu
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Modeste Nya Wankeu
- Department of Animal Organisms Biology, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Esther Ngadjui
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - François Xavier Kemka
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Miguel Carro-Juarez
- Laboratorio de Comportamiento Reproductivo, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autonoma de Tlaxcala-Mexico, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Albert Kamanyi
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Pierre Kamtchouing
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Pierre Watcho
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Vallejo M, Carlini V, Gabach L, Ortega MG, L Cabrera J, de Barioglio SR, Pérez M, Agnese AM. Sauroxine reduces memory retention in rats and impairs hippocampal long-term potentiation generation. Pharmacotherapy 2017; 91:155-161. [PMID: 28458154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper it was investigated the role of sauroxine, an alkaloid of Phlegmariurus saururus, as a modulator of some types of learning and memory, considering the potential nootropic properties previously reported for the alkaloid extract and the main alkaloid sauroine. Sauroxine was isolated by means of an alkaline extraction, purified by several chromatographic techniques, and assayed in electrophysiological experiments on rat hippocampus slices, tending towards the elicitation of the long-term potentiation (LTP) phenomena. It was also studied the effects of intrahippocampal administration of sauroxine on memory retention in vivo using a Step-down test. Being the bio distribution of a drug an important parameter to be considered, the concentration of sauroxine in rat brain was determined by GLC-MS. Sauroxine blocked LTP generation at both doses used, 3.65 and 3.610-2μM. In the behavioral test, the animals injected with this alkaloid (3.6510-3nmol) exhibited a significant decrease on memory retention compared with control animals. It was also showed that sauroxine reached the brain (3.435μg/g tissue), after an intraperitoneal injection, displaying its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Thus, sauroxine demonstrated to exert an inhibition on these mnemonic phenomena. The effect here established for 1 is defeated by other constituents according to the excellent results obtained for P. saururus alkaloid extract as well as for the isolated alkaloid sauroine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Vallejo
- IMBIV-CONICET and Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Valeria Carlini
- INICSA-CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Gabach
- IFEC-CONICET and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M G Ortega
- IMBIV-CONICET and Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - José L Cabrera
- IMBIV-CONICET and Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Susana Rubiales de Barioglio
- IFEC-CONICET and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariela Pérez
- IFEC-CONICET and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alicia M Agnese
- IMBIV-CONICET and Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Birri MA, Franco MA, Vallejo MG, Carro-Juárez M, Agnese AM. Huperzia saururus Lam. Trevis. (Lycopodiaceae) facilitates ejaculation in spinal cord transected male rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 157:38-44. [PMID: 25245770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huperzia saururus (Lam.) Trevis. has an extensive ethnopharmacological use, mainly because of its aphrodisiac properties. The species is consumed as decoctions or infusions in traditional medicine. The purpose of the present research was to determine if Huperzia saururus is able to increase sexual potency by evaluating the ejaculatory response, in the presence of a decoction in spinal cord transected male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The fictive ejaculation model to record the rhythmic contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscles that accompany ejaculation as an indicator of ejaculation occurrence was used. Sexually experienced male Wistar rats were used. The activation of the fictive ejaculation by the i.v. administration of a decoction was tested, as well as the effects of the oxytocinergic, cholinergic, adrenergic and nitrergic antagonism upon the pro-ejaculatory activity of Huperzia saururus. RESULTS Decoction (3µg/animal) was able to activate the fictive ejaculation in spinal male rats, producing a statistically significant diminution on the latency of discharge parameter and a statistically significant augment for the number of discharges. Moreover, when sequential treatments using antagonists plus decoction were administered, the effects produced showed that prazosin prevent the pro-ejaculatory effect of the decoction and that the four antagonists assayed blocked the facilitatory effect of Huperzia saururus since the facilitation in the latency of response was prevented, and the number of discharges was reduced. Together these findings support the notion that the decoction exerts an aphrodisiac effect influencing the ejaculatory potency which is partially mediated by oxytocinergic, cholinergic, adrenergic and nitrergic spinal mechanisms. CONCLUSION In agreement to the ethnopharmacological uses, Huperzia saururus decoction has aphrodisiac properties by influence on the ejaculatory potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Birri
- IMBIV, CONICET y Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmacia, Fac. de Cs. Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M A Franco
- Laboratorio de Comportamiento Reproductivo, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, C.P. 90000, Col. Centro, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - M G Vallejo
- IMBIV, CONICET y Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmacia, Fac. de Cs. Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Carro-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Comportamiento Reproductivo, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, C.P. 90000, Col. Centro, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - A M Agnese
- IMBIV, CONICET y Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmacia, Fac. de Cs. Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Vallejo M, Loyola S, Contreras D, Ugarte G, Cifuente D, Ortega G, Cabrera JL, Zeise M, Tonn C, Carreño M, Delgado R, Morales B, Agnese M. A new semisynthetic derivative of sauroine induces LTP in hippocampal slices and improves learning performance in the Morris Water Maze. J Neurochem 2014; 129:864-76. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Vallejo
- Farmacognosia; Departamento de Farmacia; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
- Argentina-Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) - CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Loyola
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia; Facultad de Química y Biología; Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Darwin Contreras
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia; Facultad de Química y Biología; Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Gonzalo Ugarte
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia; Facultad de Química y Biología; Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Diego Cifuente
- Área de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Bioquímica y Farmacia; Universidad Nacional de San Luis; San Luis Argentina
- Argentina-Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química - CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Ortega
- Farmacognosia; Departamento de Farmacia; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
| | - José L. Cabrera
- Farmacognosia; Departamento de Farmacia; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
| | - Marc Zeise
- Escuela de Psicología; Facultad de Humanidades; Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Carlos Tonn
- Área de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Bioquímica y Farmacia; Universidad Nacional de San Luis; San Luis Argentina
- Argentina-Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química - CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Mario Carreño
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia; Facultad de Química y Biología; Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Ricardo Delgado
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia; Facultad de Química y Biología; Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Bernardo Morales
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia; Facultad de Química y Biología; Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Mariel Agnese
- Farmacognosia; Departamento de Farmacia; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
- Argentina-Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) - CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
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Vallejo MG, Dimmer JA, Ortega MG, Cabrera JL, Agnese AM. Amino acid content and acetylcholinesterase inhibition of Huperzia saururus infusion and decoction. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:1341-1345. [PMID: 23841480 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.784921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED CONTEXT. Huperzia saururus (Lam.) Trevis. (Lycopodiaceae), an autochthonous plant species in Argentina, is used as a memory improver in traditional medicine. It was studied for this reason and the purified alkaloid extract did show significant activity on learning and memory. The species is mostly consumed in the form of infusions and decoctions. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the activity of the H. saururus infusion and decoction as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and to determine the amino acid content in both extracts. MATERIAL AND METHODS Infusion and decoction were purified by ionic exchange chromatography and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC-UV, and the AChE inhibition of these extracts was evaluated by using the Ellman method. RESULTS Both infusion and decoction exerted strong AChE inhibitory activities (IC50=7.2 ± 0.4 and 22.7 ± 5.6 μg/mL, respectively). Among nine amino acids, arginine (Arg) was identified in a concentration greater than 9 mg/100 g of dried aerial parts in both extracts. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This high content of Arg could be considered a contributing factor to the activity on memory previously demonstrated for the H. saururus alkaloid extract, since Arg is implicated indirectly in mnemonic processes as a precursor in nitric oxide synthesis. Thus, the central effect of H. saururus could involve two different mechanisms, the cholinergic mechanism and the nitric oxide pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Guadalupe Vallejo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, IMBIV-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
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Konrath EL, Ortega MG, de Loreto Bordignon S, Apel MA, Henriques AT, Cabrera JL. Alkaloid profiling and anticholinesterase activity of South American Lycopodiaceae species. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 28:218-22. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.633908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Luis Konrath
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,
Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - María Gabriela Ortega
- Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba,
Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET),
Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Miriam Anders Apel
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,
Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amélia Teresinha Henriques
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,
Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Luis Cabrera
- Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba,
Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET),
Córdoba, Argentina
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12
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Vallejo MG, Ortega MG, Cabrera JL, Carlini VP, de Barioglio SR, Almirón RS, Ramírez OA, Agnese AM. Sauroine, an alkaloid from Huperzia saururus with activity in wistar rats in electrophysiological and behavioral assays related to memory retention. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:156-158. [PMID: 19067593 DOI: 10.1021/np800151v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the effects of sauroine (1), the main alkaloid obtained from Huperzia saururus, on memory retention and learning. To evaluate this, electrophysiological experiments and behavioral tests (step down) were performed on male Wistar rats. The results showed that 1 improved memory retention in the step-down test, significantly increasing hippocampal plasticity. Thus, 1 seems to be a constituent responsible for the activity claimed in folk medicine for H. saururus in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Vallejo
- Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Edificio de Ciencias 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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13
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Ma X, Tan C, Zhu D, Gang DR, Xiao P. Huperzine A from Huperzia species--an ethnopharmacolgical review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 113:15-34. [PMID: 17644292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Revised: 05/28/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Huperzine A (HupA), isolated originally from a traditional Chinese medicine Qiang Ceng Ta, whole plant of Huperzia serrata (Thunb. ex Murray) Trev., a member of the Huperziaceae family, has attracted intense attention since its marked anticholinesterase activity was discovered by Chinese scientists. Several members of the Huperziaceae (Huperzia and Phlegmariurus species) have been used as medicines in China for contusions, strains, swellings, schizophrenia, myasthenia gravis and organophosphate poisoning. HupA has been marketed in China as a new drug for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment and its derivative ZT-1 is being developed as anti-AD new drug candidate both in China and in Europe. A review of the chemistry, bioactivities, toxicology, clinical trials and natural resources of HupA source plants is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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14
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Vallejo MG, Ortega MG, Cabrera JL, Carlini VP, de Barioglio SR, Agnese AM. Huperzia saururus increases memory retention in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 111:685-7. [PMID: 17303358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2006] [Revised: 12/29/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Huperzia saururus is reported in Argentinean popular medicine as a memory improver. Chemical studies have shown that the main constituents of the species are Lycopodium alkaloids. On the basis of this information, a purified alkaloid extract was obtained by alkaline extraction of the aerial parts. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of intra-hippocampal administration of the purified alkaloid extract (AE) on memory retention in vivo, using a step down test, in order to correlate with previous results obtained in vitro in an electrophysiological model. The AE administration significantly increased the latency time in comparison to control animals. For treated animals the latency time was 37.61 +/- 2.84, 80.94 +/- 2.37, and 180.00 +/- 5.74 s for 1, 5, and 10 ng/rat, respectively versus 14.89 +/- 2.38 s for controls. According to these results there is a good relationship between the ethnopharmacological use and the effects hereby showed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Vallejo
- Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET). Edificio de Ciencias 2. Ciudad Universitaria. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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