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Antidiabetic potential of Gymnemic acid mediated gold nanoparticles (Gym@AuNPs) on Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats-An implication on in vivo approach. Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122843. [PMID: 36921739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Gymnemic acid is glycosides of triterpene with recognized and valuable applications for several chronic diseases, mainly diabetics. Despite this, it requires a delivery system in order to range its therapeutic target due to its limited solubility and bioavailability. Therefore, the Gymnemic acid mediated gold nanoparticles (Gym@AuNPs) was synthesised by eco-friendly approach. The synthesised Gym@AuNPs was confirmed by the colour change from light yellow to a deep ruby red. UV - visible spectroscopy results showed a strong narrow peak at 530 nm, confirming the controlled synthesis of monodispersed Gym@AuNPs. The reduction potential of standard Gymnemic acid (Gym) on synthesis of Gym@AuNPs was confirmed by using HPLC analysis. The spherical shaped Gym@AuNPs was observed by FESEM and HR-TEM studies with average size of 48.52 ± 5.53 nm. The XRD analysis exhibited a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystalline nature of Gym@AuNPs. The in vivo antidiabetic activity of Gym and Gym@AuNPs were validated using Streptozotocin induced diabetic Albino wistar rats. The Gym@AuNPs and Gym were regulates the glucose and lipid levels in experimental animals. The histopathology outcomes shown that the Gym@AuNPs were restoration of pancreatic islets cells in the animals. This investigation demonstrated that the Gym@AuNPs had the potential anti-diabetic properties.
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Guimarãesa VHD, Basilio Silva JN, de Freitas DF, Filho OC, da Silveira LH, Marinho BM, de Paula AMB, Melo GA, Santos SHS. Hydroalcoholic Extract of Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hil. (Solanaceae) Leaves Improves Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Complications in Mice. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:769-780. [PMID: 33511923 DOI: 10.2174/0929866528999210128205817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solanum lycocarpum is a medicinal plant widely-used in Brazil because its fruits have hypoglycemic activity. However, the fruits are restricted in some periods of the year. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of S. lycocarpum leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. METHODS Hydroalcoholic extract of S. lycocarpum was characterized by phytochemical and GC-MS analysis. The Antidiabetic activity was assessed following treatment for 22 days with S. lycocarpum extract at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg. Bodyweight, water, and food intake, glycemia, biochemical parameters, anatomy-histopathology of the pancreas, liver and kidney, and expression of target genes were analyzed. In addition, oral acute toxicity was evaluated. RESULTS Animals treated showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in glycemia following a dose of 125 mg/kg. Food intake remained similar for all groups. Decreased polydipsia symptoms were observed after treatment with 250 (p < 0.001) and 500 mg/kg (p < 0.01) compared with diabetic control, although normal rates were observed when 125 mg/kg was administered. A protective effect was also observed in the pancreas, liver, and kidneys, through the regeneration of the islets. Hypoglycemic activity can be attributed to myo-inositol, which stimulates insulin secretion, associated with α-tocopherol, which prevents damage from oxidative stress and apoptosis of β-pancreatic cells by an increased Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) mRNA expression. The toxicological test demonstrated safe oral use of the extract under the present conditions. CONCLUSION Hydroalcoholic extract of S. lycocarpum promotes the regulation of diabetes in the case of moderate glycemic levels, by decreasing glycemia and exerting protective effects on the islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Dantas Guimarãesa
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais,. Brazil
| | - Jéssica Nayara Basilio Silva
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Genetics of Plants, Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Minas Gerais,. Brazil
| | - Daniela Fernanda de Freitas
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais,. Brazil
| | - Otávio Cardoso Filho
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais,. Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique da Silveira
- Laboratory of pathological anatomy and cytopathology - Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria (HUCF), Minas Gerais,. Brazil
| | - Barbhara Mota Marinho
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais,. Brazil
| | - Alfredo Maurício Batista de Paula
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais,. Brazil
| | - Geraldo Aclécio Melo
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais,. Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais,. Brazil
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Pereira APA, Lauretti LBC, Alvarenga VO, Paulino BN, Angolini CFF, Neri-Numa IA, Orlando EA, Pallone JAL, Sant'Ana AS, Pastore GM. Evaluation of fruta-do-lobo (Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill) starch on the growth of probiotic strains. Food Res Int 2020; 133:109187. [PMID: 32466936 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fruta-do-lobo (Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill) is a native fruit commonly used in Brazilian folk medicine as a hypoglycemic agent. These properties are attributed to their starch, mainly its resistant fraction. Resistant starch has shown to increases the growth of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the gut, even though not being selective for these strains. In this scenario, this study aimed to investigate the potential prebiotic activity of fruta-do-lobo starch (FLS). FLS showed around 30% of resistant starch and their prebiotic potential was evaluated with five probiotic strains L. acidophilus (LA3 and LA5), L. casei (LC01) and B. animalis (BB12) and B. lactis (BLC1) in a concentration range of 1.0-2.0% of starch. In a preliminary screening, we evaluated, during 48 h, the viability of the starch with promoting growth agent. An increase in the growth of the probiotic strains tested was observed. We also evaluated the microorganism's metabolic activity by assessing the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, using the best starch growth promotion conditions (2% of FLS and strains BLC1, LA5, and LC01). As expected, MRS and lactose were preferentially metabolized by BLC1, with the highest growth rates: 0.231 and 0.224 h-1, respectively. However, for this strain, the FLS growth rate (0.222 h-1) was 65% higher than FOS (0.144 h-1). Also, for LA5 FLS promoted higher growth (0.150 h-1) than FOS (0.135 h-1). Additionally, FLS promoted acetate production. These data are promising and indicate that FLS may have prebiotic potential and more studies need to be done with pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Aparecida Pereira
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Borges Chatagnier Lauretti
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Verônica Ortiz Alvarenga
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno Nicolau Paulino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Célio Fernando Figueiredo Angolini
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Natural and Human Sciences, University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iramaia Angelica Neri-Numa
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Adilson Orlando
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Azevedo Lima Pallone
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Guo Y, Jiang N, Zhang L, Yin M. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles from Fritillaria cirrhosa and its anti-diabetic activity on Streptozotocin induced rats. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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A comprehensive characterization of Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill and Solanum oocarpum Sendtn: Chemical composition and antioxidant properties. Food Res Int 2019; 124:61-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ajiboye BO, Oloyede HOB, Salawu MO. Antidiabetic Activity of Triticum aestivum Seed–Based Diet on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Diet Suppl 2018; 17:133-149. [DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2018.1492485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. O. Ajiboye
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - H. O. B. Oloyede
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - M. O. Salawu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
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Galdino GS, Duarte ID, Perez AC. Effect of dietary caloric restriction on the nociceptive threshold of rats that underwent aerobic and resistance exercise training. Int J Neurosci 2013; 124:133-8. [PMID: 23859336 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.825836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect that exercise and caloric restriction have on the nociceptive threshold of rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: one group that was fed ad libitum (FED) and another group that was subjected to dietary caloric restriction (CR). The CR group received 50% of the food the FED group received, for 4 weeks. Both groups were submitted to aerobic (AE) and resistance (RE) exercise training protocols performed in a rodent treadmill and in a weight-lifting exercise model, respectively. Mechanical and thermal nociceptive thresholds were measured by tail-flick and paw-withdrawal tests, respectively. Both exercise protocols produced antinociception, but there was no difference found between the FED and CR groups after either 1 or 4 weeks. Additionally, although dietary caloric restriction alone did not result in antinociception, it did increase the running time of animals during aerobic exercise and increased the load lifted in resistance exercise after 4 weeks. These results indicate that caloric restriction for 1 or 4 weeks did not alter the nociceptive threshold, but could play an important role in improvement of physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovane S Galdino
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
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Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity and Associated Toxicity of Artemisia afra Aqueous Extract in Wistar Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:929074. [PMID: 23861717 PMCID: PMC3687504 DOI: 10.1155/2013/929074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd. is a widely used medicinal plant in South Africa for the treatment of diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity and possible toxicity effect of aqueous leaf extract of the herb administered at different dosages for 15 days in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Administration of the extract at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight significantly (P < 0.05) increased body weight, decreased blood glucose levels, increased glucose tolerance, and improved imbalance in lipid metabolism in diabetic rats. These are indications of antidiabetic property of A. afra with 200 mg/kg body weight of the extract showing the best hypoglycemic action by comparing favourably well with glibenclamide, a standard hypoglycemic drug. The extract at all dosages tested also restored liver function indices and haematological parameters to normal control levels in the diabetic rats, whereas the kidney function indices were only normalized in the diabetic animals administered with 50 mg/kg body weight of the extract. This investigation clearly showed that in addition to its hypoglycemic activity, A. afra may also protect the liver and blood against impairment due to diabetes. However, some kidney functions may be compromised at high dosages of the extract.
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Oliveira VB, Yamada LT, Fagg CW, Brandão MG. Native foods from Brazilian biodiversity as a source of bioactive compounds. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Al-Oqail M, Hassan WHB, Ahmad MS, Al-Rehaily AJ. Phytochemical and biological studies of Solanum schimperianum Hochst. Saudi Pharm J 2012; 20:371-9. [PMID: 23960812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical reinvestigation of the aerial parts of Solanum schimperianum Hochst led to the isolation of ten compounds, lupeol (1), β-sitosterol (2), β-sitosterol glucoside (3), oleanolic acid (4), teferidin (5), teferin (6), ferutinin (7), 5-hydroxy-3,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone (8), retusin (9) and kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (10). Compounds 5-7 were isolated for the first time from Solanaceae and compounds 1-4 and 8-9 for the first time from Solanum schimperianum. The structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was based on careful inspection of spectral data including 1D ((1)H and (13)C NMR), 2D ((1)H-H COSY, HMQC and HMBC, ROESY), UV, MS and IR, in addition to, comparison with literatures. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts as well as the isolated compounds was tested. Only hexane extract showed activity against Bacillus subtilus and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Al-Oqail
- King Saud University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy Department, Saudi Arabia
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Capellini VK, Baldo CF, Celotto AC, Batalhão ME, Cárnio EC, Rodrigues AJ, Evora PRB. Oxidative stress is not associated with vascular dysfunction in a model of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 54:530-9. [PMID: 20857057 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302010000600004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To verify if an experimental model of alloxan-diabetic rats promotes oxidative stress, reduces nitric oxide bioavailability and causes vascular dysfunction, and to evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on these parameters. METHODS Alloxan-diabetic rats were treated or not with NAC for four weeks. Plasmatic levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite/nitrate (NOx), the endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase (eNOS and iNOS) immunostaining and the vascular reactivity of aorta were compared among diabetic (D), treated diabetic (TD) and control (C) rats. RESULTS MDA levels increased in D and TD. NOx levels did not differ among groups. Endothelial eNOS immunostaining reduced and adventitial iNOS increased in D and TD. The responsiveness of rings to acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, and phenylephrine did not differ among groups. CONCLUSIONS NAC had no effect on the evaluated parameters and this experimental model did not promote vascular dysfunction despite the development of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Kise Capellini
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Vieira PM, Costa PMD, Silva CRE, Chen-Chen L. Assessment of the Genotoxic, Antigenotoxic, and Cytotoxic Activities of the Ethanolic Fruit Extract of Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hill. (Solanaceae) by Micronucleus Test in Mice. J Med Food 2010; 13:1409-14. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pabline Marinho Vieira
- Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Paula Moiana da Costa
- Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ribeiro e Silva
- Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lee Chen-Chen
- Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Galdino GS, Lopes AMC, Franca VM, Duarte IDG, Perez AC. Evaluation of exercise and potassium chloride supplementation on blood pressure and nociceptive threshold in hypertensive rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010; 35:184-7. [PMID: 20383229 DOI: 10.1139/h09-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive subjects present an increased nociceptive threshold, and the lack or delay of pain perception may impede detection of angina and myocardial infarction. Nutritional interventions, like potassium chloride (KCl) diet supplementation, and exercises are common nonpharmacological indications for treating hypertension. Spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive male Wistar rats were submitted to a combination of exercise and KCl diet supplementation. Exercise reduced the nociceptive threshold in SHR; however, this effect was inhibited by KCl supplementation. Exercise and KCl supplementation did not alter systolic blood pressure. Reduction of the nociceptive threshold by exercise may be important for the detection of angina and myocardial infarction in hypertensive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovane S Galdino
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Farina F, Piassi FG, Moysés MR, Bazzolli DMS, Bissoli NDS. Glycemic and urinary volume responses in diabetic mellitus rats treated with Solanum lycocarpum. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010; 35:40-4. [DOI: 10.1139/h09-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fiber performs important functions in diabetes mellitus control and treatment. In this study, we evaluate the reduction in plasma glucose after the treatment of diabetic rats with high-fiber Solanum lycocarpum flour. We found that serum glucose, water and food intake, urine excretion, and urine sodium concentration were reduced in S. lycocarpum flour-treated diabetic rats (TDRs), compared with diabetic control rats (DCRs). In addition, TDRs did not show signs of kidney hypertrophy, unlike those in the DCR group. These results suggest that the use of S. lycocarpum flour can be an effective support in diabetes mellitus treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane Farina
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Vitória – ES – 29042-755, Brazil
- Faculdade Salesiana de Vitória, Vitória-ES, Brazil
| | - Flávia Grillo Piassi
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Vitória – ES – 29042-755, Brazil
- Faculdade Salesiana de Vitória, Vitória-ES, Brazil
| | - Margareth Ribeiro Moysés
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Vitória – ES – 29042-755, Brazil
- Faculdade Salesiana de Vitória, Vitória-ES, Brazil
| | - Denise Mara Soares Bazzolli
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Vitória – ES – 29042-755, Brazil
- Faculdade Salesiana de Vitória, Vitória-ES, Brazil
| | - Nazaré de Souza Bissoli
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Vitória – ES – 29042-755, Brazil
- Faculdade Salesiana de Vitória, Vitória-ES, Brazil
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Nakamura S, Hongo M, Sugimoto S, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M. Steroidal saponins and pseudoalkaloid oligoglycoside from Brazilian natural medicine, "fruta do lobo" (fruit of Solanum lycocarpum). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:1565-1572. [PMID: 18353405 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal saponins, lyconosides Ia, Ib, II, III, and IV and a steroidal pseudoalkaloid oligoglycoside, lobofrutoside, were isolated from a Brazilian natural medicine, "fruta do lobo" (the fruit of Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil.). The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of analysis of chemical and physicochemical evidence.
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Matteucci E, Giampietro O. Proposal open for discussion: defining agreed diagnostic procedures in experimental diabetes research. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 115:163-172. [PMID: 17961942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Revised: 08/21/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal experimentation has a long tradition in diabetes research and has provided invaluable benefits with regard to insulin discovery and treatment assessment. METHODS The review focuses on chemical-induced diabetes in rats and surveys the protocols of diabetes induction, diabetes diagnosis, and glucose tolerance evaluation in a selection of recent research. RESULTS This brief review of techniques in experimental diabetes highlights that there is no uniformity, whereas standardisation of procedures is desirable so that comparability will exist among experiments carried out in different settings. CONCLUSIONS On this basis, questions are put and standards are proposed. It would be a platform to promote the exchange of ideas through expert consultation about practical issues related to animal research and a basis on which standards can be set according to user requirements and animal respect.
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Yoshikawa M, Nakamura S, Ozaki K, Kumahara A, Morikawa T, Matsuda H. Structures of steroidal alkaloid oligoglycosides, robeneosides A and B, and antidiabetogenic constituents from the Brazilian medicinal plant Solanum lycocarpum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2007; 70:210-4. [PMID: 17249729 DOI: 10.1021/np0680580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In the course of our studies on antidiabetogenic compounds from natural medicines and medicinal foodstuffs, a methanolic extract of the fruits of Solanum lycocarpum showed an inhibitory effect on the increase of serum glucose levels in oral sucrose-loaded rats. Through bioassay-guided separation, three known steroidal alkaloid oligoglycosides, solamargine (1), solasonine (3), and 12-hydroxysolasonine (5), were isolated from the active fraction together with two new steroidal alkaloid oligoglycosides, robeneosides A (2) and B (4). The major constituents, solamargine (1) and solasonine (3), exhibited an inhibitory effect on the increase of serum glucose levels in oral sucrose-loaded rats. In addition, these compounds suppressed gastric emptying in mice. However, this methanolic extract from S. lycocarpum fruits did not have any effect on intestinal alpha-glucosidase (sucrase and maltase) in vitro. It was concluded that these steroidal alkaloid oligoglycosides, 1 and 3, inhibited the increase of rat serum glucose levels by suppressing the transfer of sucrose from the stomach to the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Yoshikawa
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan.
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