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Scanavacca J, Iecher Faria MG, Canonico Silva GC, Inumaro RS, Gonçalves JE, Kupski L, Gazim ZC. Chemical analysis, antifungal and antimycotoxigenic activity of tetradenia riparia essential oil and crude extract. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1296-1310. [PMID: 35652893 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2080870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tetradenia riparia is known for its richness in essential oil which has been widely investigated due to its biological activities such as antimicrobial, insecticidal, trypanocidal, antimalarial and antioxidant. The objective of this work was to chemically analyze and evaluate the antifungal and antimycotoxigenic activity of the essential oil and the crude extract of leaves, flower buds and stems of T. riparia from the northwest region of the state of Paraná. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. To obtain the crude extract, the leaves, flower buds and stems were pulverized and subjected to a dynamic maceration process using 70% v v-1 ethyl alcohol. Chemical analysis of the essential oil was performed by GC/MS, and chemical identification of the crude extract by UHPLC-ESI/qTOF. Antifungal activity (Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium verrucosum and Fusarium graminearum) was performed by broth microdilution and the antimycotoxigenic assay was performed with A. ochraceus and P. verrucosum. Ochratoxin A was extracted by partition with chloroform and quantified by HPLC-FL. The oil yield was 0.29% for leaves, 0.34% for stems and 0.38% for flower buds, and the major compounds were fenchone, β-caryophyllene, α-cadinol, 14-hydroxy-9- epi-caryophyllene, 9β,13β-epoxy-7-abietene, α-cadinol and 6-7-dehydroroyleanone. The main chemical compounds identified in the crude extract were terpenes, anthocyanins, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic acids. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oils from leaves, flower buds and stems for the strains tested ranged from 0.87 mg mL-1 to 33.3 mg mL-1, while the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) ranged from 6.94 mg mL-1 and 33.3 mg mL-1. The MIC and MFC for ketoconazole, tebuconazole, sorbate and nitrite ranged from 0.05 to 33.3 mg mL-1. The oil and crude extract of leaves, stems and flower buds showed an inhibition of ochratoxin A production for P. verrucosum of approximately 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Scanavacca
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Programa de Pós graduação de Biotecnologia Aplicada a Agricultura, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama Paraná, Brasil
| | - Maria Graciela Iecher Faria
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Programa de Pós graduação de Biotecnologia Aplicada a Agricultura, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama Paraná, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Catuzo Canonico Silva
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Programa de Pós graduação de Biotecnologia Aplicada a Agricultura, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama Paraná, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Sadao Inumaro
- Laboratório de Química, Programa de Pós Graduação em tecnologias Limpas-PPGTL, Universidade Cesumar-UNICESUMAR, Campus Maringá, Paraná Brasil
| | - José Eduardo Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Química, Programa de Pós Graduação em tecnologias Limpas-PPGTL, Universidade Cesumar-UNICESUMAR, Campus Maringá, Paraná Brasil.,Instituto de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação ICETI UniCesumar, Maringá, Brasil
| | - Larine Kupski
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Umuarama, Brasil
| | - Zilda Cristiani Gazim
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Programa de Pós graduação de Biotecnologia Aplicada a Agricultura, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama Paraná, Brasil
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Kalpna, Hajam YA, Kumar R. Management of stored grain pest with special reference to Callosobruchus maculatus, a major pest of cowpea: A review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08703. [PMID: 35036600 PMCID: PMC8749198 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruchids are most pernicious pest of stored grain pulses, especially in the tropical and subtropical areas. They penetrate into the fully grown matured pods, grains in fields and also during post-harvest storage. Among bruchids, Callosobruchus maculatus is the prominent pest having ubiquitous distribution. Chemical/synthetic insecticides provides adequate control against the C. maculatus on the pulses. However, the use of synthetic insecticides induces adverse health outcomes in agricultural workers and many causes various diseases such as cancers, genomic damage, oxidative stress, neurological disorders and respiratory, metabolic and thyroid effects. Therefore, alternative effective, safe and sustainable pest control, integration of different compatible methods should be taken into considerations. One of the possible managements might be use of traditional as well modern pest management practices. Traditional techniques include sealed containers, inert materials, harvesting time, alternate host, intercropping, storing un-threshed pulses, cleanliness, vegetable oil etc. Modern techniques such as temperature, freezing and heating, radiation treatments, resistance varieties, natural control, botanical extracts, chemical and microbial, transgenic approach, cold plasma treatments etc. thus integrated pest management might be alternative approach to combat the effect of pest. Therefore, present review aims to considers various measures for the handling of bruchids with special reference to Callosobruchus maculatus and integrated molecular inventions to decrease bruchids populations and enhance pulse productivity in pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpna
- Division Zoology, Department of Biosciences, Career Point University, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 176041, India
| | - Younis Ahmad Hajam
- Division Zoology, Department of Biosciences, Career Point University, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 176041, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171005, India
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Silvie PJ, Martin P, Huchard M, Keip P, Gutierrez A, Sarter S. Prototyping a Knowledge-Based System to Identify Botanical Extracts for Plant Health in Sub-Saharan Africa. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050896. [PMID: 33946682 PMCID: PMC8146496 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Replacing synthetic pesticides and antimicrobials with plant-based extracts is a current alternative adopted by traditional and family farmers and many organic farming pioneers. A range of natural extracts are already being marketed for agricultural use, but many other plants are prepared and used empirically. A further range of plant species that could be effective in protecting different crops against pests and diseases in Africa could be culled from the large volume of knowledge available in the scientific literature. To meet this challenge, data on plant uses have been compiled in a knowledge base and a software prototype was developed to navigate this trove of information. The present paper introduces this so-called Knomana Knowledge-Based System, while providing outputs related to Spodoptera frugiperda and Tuta absoluta, two invasive insect species in Africa. In early October 2020, the knowledge base hosted data obtained from 342 documents. From these articles, 11,816 uses—experimental or applied by farmers—were identified in the plant health field. In total, 384 crop pest species are currently reported in the knowledge base, in addition to 1547 botanical species used for crop protection. Future prospects for applying this interdisciplinary output to applications under the One Health approach are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre J. Silvie
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Montpellier University, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UPR AIDA, F-34398 Montpellier, France; (P.M.); (P.K.)
- AIDA, Montpellier University, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Pierre Martin
- CIRAD, UPR AIDA, F-34398 Montpellier, France; (P.M.); (P.K.)
- AIDA, Montpellier University, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Marianne Huchard
- LIRMM, Montpellier University, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France; (M.H.); (A.G.)
| | - Priscilla Keip
- CIRAD, UPR AIDA, F-34398 Montpellier, France; (P.M.); (P.K.)
- AIDA, Montpellier University, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Gutierrez
- LIRMM, Montpellier University, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France; (M.H.); (A.G.)
| | - Samira Sarter
- CIRAD, UMR ISEM, F-34398 Montpellier, France;
- ISEM, Montpellier University, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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Li L, Song X, Yin Z, Jia R, Zou Y. Insecticidal activities and mechanism of extracts from neem leaves against Oxya chinensis. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-8958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT In this study, neem leaves were successively extracted with petroleum ether, 95% ethanol and water and the insecticidal activities of these extracts against Oxya chinensis larvae were measured. The results showed that 95% ethanol extract gave the highest extraction yield and insecticidal activity, and it was further extracted with five different solvents. The petroleum ether extract from the 95% ethanol extract possessed the highest insecticidal activity with median lethal concentration values ranging from 14.93 to 55.66mg/mL. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis showed that the petroleum ether extract mainly composed of alkanes, olefin, esters and amide. The pathological examination revealed that the prominent lesions, including reduced regenerative cells in midgut and swelled and degenerated cylindrical cells, were observed in the 5th instar Oxya chinensis after treatment. The ultrastructural features showed that the cylindrical cells, microvilli and mitochondria were seriously damaged. These results suggested that the petroleum ether extract from neem leaves had potent insecticidal activity and could be a candidate insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Li
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - X. Song
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | | | - R. Jia
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - Y. Zou
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
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Chaves TP, Clementino EL, Felismino DC, Alves RR, Vasconcellos A, Coutinho HD, Medeiros ACD. Antibiotic resistance modulation by natural products obtained from Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky, 1855) and its nest. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 22:404-8. [PMID: 26150745 PMCID: PMC4486467 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects and their products are included in the traditional pharmacopoeia of various ethnic groups worldwide. In the Brazilian semiarid region can be highlighted the use of the termite Nasutitermes corniger for the treatment of various diseases. This study evaluated the ethanol extract of N. corniger and its nest as an antimicrobial agent and as a modulator of bacterial resistance against multidrug strains. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extract on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by microdilution was determined, as well as MIC of antibiotics in the presence and absence of extract. Despite having no significant antimicrobial activity (MIC ⩾ 1000 μg mL(-1)), the extract showed additive activity to the antibiotic efficacy, significantly reducing its MIC. These results suggest that N. corniger and its nest are promising natural products for use in antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago P. Chaves
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, PI 64900-000, Brazil
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Ensaios de Medicamentos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba 58.429-500, Brazil
| | - Elaine L.C. Clementino
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Ensaios de Medicamentos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba 58.429-500, Brazil
| | - Delcio C. Felismino
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba 58.429-500, Brazil
| | - Rômulo R.N. Alves
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba 58.429-500, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vasconcellos
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Botânica, Ecologia e Zoologia, Natal, RN 59072-900, Brazil
| | - Henrique D.M. Coutinho
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, CE 63105-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia D. Medeiros
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Ensaios de Medicamentos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba 58.429-500, Brazil
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Versiani MA, Ahmed SK, Ikram A, Ali ST, Yasmeen K, Faizi S. Chemical constituents and biological activities of Adenium obesum (Forsk.) Roem. et Schult. Chem Biodivers 2014; 11:171-80. [PMID: 24591309 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Versiani
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi-75300, Pakistan (phone: +92-21-99244141-146, fax: +92-21-99244272).
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Masotti V, De Jong L, Moreau X, Rabier J, Laffont-Schwob I, Thiéry A. Larvicidal activity of extracts from Artemisia species against Culex pipiens L. mosquito: comparing endemic versus ubiquist species for effectiveness. C R Biol 2011; 335:19-25. [PMID: 22226160 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The larvicidal activity of ethanolic leaf extracts from two Artemisia species, Artemisia campestris var. glutinosa and A. molinieri, on mosquito Culex pipiens Linnaeus (Diptera, Culicidae) larvae was investigated. Since A. molinieri is a rare and protected species confined to temporary ponds of Southern France, its toxic activity may help to value this species and to finance its conservation. A. molinieri extracts showed a higher larvicidal activity (from 50 ppm (K=9.488, DDL=4, P<0.001)) than those from A. campestris var glutinosa (from 500 ppm (K=9.488, DDL=4, P<0.01)) after 48 h of exposure. Calculated lethal concentrations, after 48 h of exposure, (LC(50)) were low, 9091 and 9898 ppm for A. molinieri and A. campestris var. glutinosa extracts, respectively, but using a non-pollutant solvent (ethanol). However, A. molinieri may be valued as an environmentally friendly biocide and developing its culture may be of interest for both pesticide activity and conservation purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Masotti
- Équipe BBE, Aix-Marseille université,Victor-Hugo, Marseille cedex, France.
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Kováts N, Ács A, Gölöncsér F, Barabás A. Quantifying of bactericide properties of medicinal plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:777-779. [PMID: 21502819 PMCID: PMC3218471 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.6.15356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Extended research has been carried out to clarify the ecological role of plant secondary metabolites (SMs). Although their primary ecological function is self-defence, bioactive compounds have long been used in alternative medicine or in biological control of pests. Several members of the family Labiatae are known to have strong antimicrobial capacity. For testing and quantifying antibacterial activity, most often standard microbial protocols are used, assessing inhibitory activity on a selected strain. In this study the applicability of a microbial ecotoxtest was evaluated to quantify the aggregate bactericide capacity of Labiatae species, based on the bioluminescence inhibition of the bacterium Vibrio fischeri. Striking differences were found amongst herbs, reaching even 10-fold toxicity. Glechoma hederacea L. proved to be the most toxic, with the EC50 of 0.4073 g dried plant/l. LC50 values generated by the standard bioassay seem to be a good indicator of the bactericide property of herbs. Traditional use of the selected herbs shows a good correlation with bioactivity expressed as bioluminescence inhibition, leading to the conclusion that the Vibrio fischeri bioassay can be a good indicator of the overall antibacterial capacity of herbs, at least on a screening level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Kováts
- 1Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary.
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Lacroix D, Prado S, Kamoga D, Kasenene J, Namukobe J, Krief S, Dumontet V, Mouray E, Bodo B, Brunois F. Antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities of medicinal plants traditionally used in the village of Kiohima, Uganda. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:850-855. [PMID: 21075191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY In Uganda, malaria is the most common disease and Ugandan people largely rely on traditional medicine. In this context, we carried out an ethnobotanical study on the Kiohima village, located close to the Kibale National Park in South-Western Uganda and investigated in vitro the antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities of selected medicinal plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-five plants-using adults (men and women) were interviewed to find out their plant use. From these information, 48 plants used in traditional medicine were identified and according to their reported uses and to bibliographic data, several parts of 28 plants (leaves, barks, roots), were selected and collected for biological evaluations. These samples were dried, extracted with ethyl acetate and the crude extracts were assayed for in vitro antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities at 10 μg/mL. RESULTS One third of the screened plants showed a significant antiplasmodial activity with inhibition greater than 50% at 10 μg/mL. CONCLUSION These results may indicate a possible explanation of the use of some medicinal plant against malaria in the village of Kiohima and have also allowed to highlight a plant with potent antimalarial activity: Citropsis articulata root barks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Lacroix
- Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes, FRE 3206 CNRS/MNHN, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
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Heinrich M, Chan J, Wanke S, Neinhuis C, Simmonds MSJ. Local uses of Aristolochia species and content of nephrotoxic aristolochic acid 1 and 2--a global assessment based on bibliographic sources. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 125:108-44. [PMID: 19505558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY More than 100 cases of nephropathy over the last 10 years caused by the systemic and longer term application of Chinese snakeroot (Aristolochia fangchi) highlighted the risk of using preparations which contain aristolochic acids. On the other hand anecdotal evidence highlights the widespread use of Aristolochia species (Aristolochiaceae) in many regions of the world. Therefore, it was our objective to systematically assess the scientific literature available on the local and traditional use of Aristolochia spp. on a worldwide scale. Our review identifies core species which need to be investigated and which may need monitoring (esp. in national and international trade). METHODS An extensive review of the literature available in libraries in London on the uses of species of Aristolochia was undertaken. Relevant information was extracted and entered into a database for analysis. RESULTS Based on the assessment of 566 reference sources 685 individual sets of data were recorded. Seven species--Aristolochia indica L. (Asia), Aristolochia serpentaria L. (North America), Aristolochia debilis Sieb & Zucch. (China), Aristolochia acuminata Lam (India), Aristolochia trilobata L. (Central/South America, Caribbean), Aristolochia clematitis L. (Europe) and Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. (Africa)--are reported widely as being used medicinally. The medical uses vary, but of particular interest are uses in case of gastrointestinal problems, which is likely to result in repeated exposure to the botanical drugs by an individual. About half of all records relate to uses of Aristolochia species in Asia, one-third to the Americas, a continent which has so far received practically no attention in terms of assessing the risk of using species of Aristolochia. Of the 99 species (plus several identified at genus level only) for which we were able to summarise ethnobotanical information, preliminary phytochemical information is only available for 24 species and some of the most common ones including Aristolochia acuminata have so far not been studied phytochemically. CONCLUSIONS Species of Aristolochia are used medicinally in many regions of the world and both from an ethnopharmacological and a public health perspective this poses a risk. A systematic assessment of the content of aristolochic acids in the most widely used species is needed to evaluate whether their uses pose a potential health risk. In China and Europe species of Aristolochia have been associated with nephropathy and it is important to evaluate whether nephropathy occurs in other parts of the world, especially India and Central America where the use of species of Aristolochia are reported to be commonly used in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heinrich
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, University London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N1AX, UK.
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Salunke BK, Prakash K, Vishwakarma KS, Maheshwari VL. Plant metabolites: an alternative and sustainable approach towards post harvest pest management in pulses. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 15:185-97. [PMID: 23572929 PMCID: PMC3550355 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-009-0023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Grain legumes are an important source of proteins in vegetarian diet besides their role in biological nitrogen fixation. They are prone to heavy pest infestation both on and off the field. Pest associated losses are an important contributing factor towards declining per capita availability of grain legumes. Synthetic chemical pesticides have played an important role in crop preservation, however their incessant use has posed several environmental and human health concerns. Methyl bromide and phosphine are commonly used for the post harvest preservation of grain legumes. However, the former has to be phased out by 2015 as per the Montreal protocol whereas the latter is showing development of resistance to it by the insects. In the light of this, alternative, safer and sustainable strategies are needed for crop protection. Plants can serve as a rich source of bioactive chemicals for this purpose. Both primary as well as secondary metabolites can be evaluated against the target pests. The paper reviews the status of research in the area of use of plant metabolites in post harvest pest management of grain legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. K. Salunke
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, P.B. No. 80, Jalgaon, 425 001 MS India
| | - K. Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, P.B. No. 80, Jalgaon, 425 001 MS India
| | - K. S. Vishwakarma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, P.B. No. 80, Jalgaon, 425 001 MS India
| | - V. L. Maheshwari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, P.B. No. 80, Jalgaon, 425 001 MS India
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