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Wang JH, Han SY, Kim J, Lim S, Jeong C, Wu L, Kim H. Comparative Assessment of the Anti- Helicobacter pylori Activity and Gastroprotective Effects of Three Herbal Formulas for Functional Dyspepsia In Vitro. Cells 2024; 13:901. [PMID: 38891033 PMCID: PMC11172274 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has been implicated in various gastrointestinal disorders, including functional dyspepsia. This study aimed to compare the anti-H. pylori activity and gastroprotective effects of three typical herbal formulas used for gastrointestinal disorders in Korea: Shihosogan-tang (ST), Yijung-tang (YT), and Pyeongwi-san (PS). Firstly, we assessed the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidative capacity. Additionally, we evaluated the antibacterial effect on H. pylori using an ammonia assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, and the disk agar diffusion method. Furthermore, we examined alterations in the gene expression of tight junction proteins, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cellular vacuolation using an AGS cell model infected with H. pylori. While ST exhibited a higher total phenolic content, superior free radical scavenging, and inhibition of H. pylori compared to YT and PS, YT more evidently inhibited gastric cellular morphological changes such as vacuolation. All formulations significantly ameliorated changes in inflammatory and gastric inflammation-related genes and cellular morphological alterations induced by H. pylori infection. Overall, the present in vitro study suggests that all three herbal formulas possess potential for ameliorating gastrointestinal disorders, with ST relatively excelling in inhibiting H. pylori infection and inflammation, while YT potentially shows greater efficacy in directly protecting the gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (J.K.); (S.L.); (C.J.); (L.W.)
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Thuy TTD, Kuo PY, Lin SM, Kao CY. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of potential probiotic Lactiplantibacillus pentosus SLC13. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:277. [PMID: 36411410 PMCID: PMC9677914 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here, we aimed to evaluate and compare the anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of potential probiotic Lactiplantibacillus pentosus SLC13 to Lactobacillus gasseri BCRC 14619 T and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LGG. Phenotypic assays including growth curve, cell adhesion, and cellular cytotoxicity were performed to characterize SLC13. Anti-H. pylori activity of lactobacilli was determined by the disk diffusion method and co-culture assay. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) was extracted from lactobacilli to test its immune modulation activity, and IL-8 expression in AGS and GES-1 was determined by RT-qPCR. RESULTS All three lactobacilli strains were tolerant to the simulated gastrointestinal conditions. SLC13 showed the highest adhesion ability to AGS and GES-1 cells, compared to LGG and BCRC 14619 T. The coculture assays of SLC13, LGG, and BCRC 14619 T with cells for 4 h showed no significant cytotoxic effects on cells. All tested strains exhibited an inhibitory effect against H. pylori J99. The cell-free supernatant (CFS) of three strains showed activity to inhibit H. pylori urease activity in a dose-dependent manner and the CFS of SLC13 had the highest urease inhibitory activity, compared to LGG and BCRC 14619 T. Only the treatment of AGS cells with SLC13 EPS significantly decreased the IL-8 expression induced by H. pylori infection as compared to cells treated with LGG and BCRC 14619 T EPS. CONCLUSIONS SLC13 possesses potent antimicrobial activity against H. pylori growth, infection, and H. pylori-induced inflammation. These results suggest that SLC13 and its derivatives have the potential as alternative agents against H. pylori infection and alleviate inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Thi Dieu Thuy
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Kuo
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
| | | | - Cheng-Yen Kao
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
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Phyllanthus amarus shoot cultures as a source of biologically active lignans: the influence of selected plant growth regulators. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11505. [PMID: 35798810 PMCID: PMC9263152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first comprehensive study of the influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the development of shoots and accumulation of biologically active lignans—phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, in the shoot culture of P. amarus Schum. & Thonn. (Euphorbiaceae) obtained by direct organogenesis. The following PGRs were included in the experiments—cytokinins: kinetin (Kin), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP), 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)urea, thidiazuron (TDZ) and auxin, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and used at various concentrations. Depending on PGRs and their concentrations, differences in the culture response and lignan accumulation were observed. The highest content of the investigated compounds was found in the shoot culture grown on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with Kin 0.25 mg/L. The sum of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin was ~ 10 mg/g of dry weight (DW), which was similar or even higher than that in the plant material obtained from natural conditions. The results of the research provide new data on the selection of the optimal growth medium for the production of plant material with a significant level of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin biosynthesis. The obtained data may also be valuable in designing systems for large-scale cultivation of P. amarus shoots with high productivity of hepatoprotective lignans.
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The Separation and Purification of Ellagic Acid from Phyllanthus urinaria L. by a Combined Mechanochemical-Macroporous Resin Adsorption Method. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid is a phenolic compound that exhibits both antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity in a wide range of assays in vitro and in vivo. It occurs naturally in some foods such as raspberries, strawberries, grapes, and black currants. In this study, a valid and reliable method based on mechanochemical-assisted extraction (MCAE) and macroporous adsorption resin was developed to extract and prepare ellagic acid from Phyllanthus urinaria L. (PUL). The MCAE parameters, acidolysis, and macroporous adsorption resin conditions were investigated. The key MCAE parameters were optimized as follows: the milling time was 5 min, the ball mill speed was 100 rpm, and the ball mill filling rate was 20.9%. Sulfuric acid with a concentration of 0.552 mol/L was applied for the acidolysis with the optimized acidolysis time of 30 min and acidolysis temperature of 40 °C. Additionally, the XDA-8D macroporous resin was chosen for the purification work. Both the static and dynamic adsorption tests were carried out. Under the optimized conditions, the yield of ellagic acid was 10.2 mg/g, and the content was over 97%. This research provided a rapid and efficient method for the preparation of ellagic acid from the cheaply and easily obtained PUL. Meanwhile, it is relatively low-cost work that can provide a technical basis for the comprehensive utilization of PUL.
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Saahene RO, Agbo E, Barnes P, Yahaya ES, Amoani B, Nuvor SV, Okyere P. A Review: Mechanism of Phyllanthus urinaria in Cancers-NF- κB, P13K/AKT, and MAPKs Signaling Activation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:4514342. [PMID: 34484390 PMCID: PMC8413045 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4514342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phyllanthus urinaria has been characterized for its several biological and medicinal effects such as antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and immunoregulation. In recent years, Phyllanthus urinaria has demonstrated potential to modulate the activation of critical pathways such as NF-κB, P13K/AKT, and ERK/JNK/P38/MAPKs associated with cell growth, proliferation, metastasis, and apoptotic cell death. To date, there is much evidence indicating that modulation of cellular signaling pathways is a promising approach to consider in drug development and discovery. Thus, therapies that can regulate cancer-related pathways are longed-for in anticancer drug discovery. This review's focus is to provide comprehensive knowledge on the anticancer mechanisms of Phyllanthus urinaria through the regulation of NF-κB, P13K/AKT, and ERK/JNK/P38/MAPKs signaling pathways. Thus, the review summarizes both in vitro and in vivo effects of Phyllanthus urinaria extracts or bioactive constituents with emphasis on tumor cell apoptosis. The literature information was obtained from publications on Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost. The key words used in the search were "Phyllanthus" or "Phyllanthus urinaria" and cancer. P. urinaria inhibits cancer cell proliferation via inhibition of NF-κB, P13K/AKT, and MAPKs (ERK, JNK, P38) pathways to induce apoptosis and prevents angiogenesis. It is expected that understanding these fundamental mechanisms may help stimulate additional research to exploit Phyllanthus urinaria and other natural products for the development of novel anticancer therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Osei. Saahene
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Elvis Agbo
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Precious Barnes
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ewura Seidu Yahaya
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Benjamin Amoani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Samuel Victor Nuvor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Perditer Okyere
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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6
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Ardalani H, Hadipanah A, Sahebkar A. Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:662-702. [PMID: 31880244 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666191227151939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is the most common disorder of the stomach and duodenum, which is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. PUD occurs due to an imbalance between offensive and defensive factors and Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI), Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and antibiotics are frequently used for the treatment. Recently, medicinal plants have emerged as efficacious, safe and widely available alternative therapies for PUD. The aim of this review was to study the medicinal plants and phytochemicals, which have been used for PUD treatment to evaluate the potential role of natural compounds to develop herbal remedies for PUD. Information was obtained using a literature search of electronic databases, such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Sci Finder, Reaxys and Cochrane. Common and scientific names of the plants and keywords such as 'peptic ulcer', 'gastric ulcer', 'stomach ulcer' and 'duodenal ulcer' were used for search. Eventually, 279 plants from 89 families were identified and information on the plant families, part of the plant used, chemical constituents, extracts, ulcer model used and dosage were abstracted. The results indicated that most of the anti-PUD plants were from Asteraceae (7.1%) and Fabaceae (6.8%) families while flavonoids (49%), tannins (13%), saponins (10%) and alkaloids (9%) were the most common natural compounds in plants with anti-PUD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Ardalani
- Department of Horticulture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department Agroecology, Aarhus University, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Amin Hadipanah
- Department of Horticulture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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7
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Probiotic Lactobacillus spp. act Against Helicobacter pylori-induced Inflammation. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8010090. [PMID: 30646625 PMCID: PMC6352136 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial species, Helicobacter pylori, is associated with several gastrointestinal diseases, and poses serious health threats owing to its resistance to antibiotics. Lactobacillus spp., on the other hand, possess probiotic activities that have beneficial effects in humans. However, the mechanisms by which Lactobacillus spp. harbor favorable functions and act against H. pylori infection remain to be explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of bacterial strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus acidophilus, termed GMNL-74 and GMNL-185, respectively, to inhibit H. pylori growth and inflammation. Our results showed that GMNL-74 and GMNL-185 possess potent antimicrobial activity against multidrug resistant (MDR)-H. pylori. In addition, an in vitro cell-based model revealed that the inhibition of H. pylori adhesion and invasion of gastric epithelial cells and interleukin-8 production were significantly decreased by treatment with both the Lactobacillus strains. In vivo studies demonstrated that colonization of H. pylori and induced inflammation in the mouse stomach were also alleviated by these Lactobacillus strains. Furthermore, the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria, including Bifidobacterium spp. and Akkermansia muciniphilia, were significantly increased in H. pylori-infected mice treated with GMNL-74 and GMNL-185. These results demonstrate that Lactobacillus spp. ameliorate H. pylori-induced inflammation and supports beneficial gut specific bacteria that act against H. pylori infection.
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Geethangili M, Ding ST. A Review of the Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Phyllanthus urinaria L. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1109. [PMID: 30327602 PMCID: PMC6174540 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Phyllanthus (L.) is one of the most important groups of plants belonging to the Phyllantaceae family. Phyllanthus urinaria (L.) is an annual perennial herbal species found in tropical Asia, America, China, and the Indian Ocean islands. P. urinaria is used in folk medicine as a cure to treat jaundice, diabetes, malaria, and liver diseases. This review provides traditional knowledge, phytochemistry, and biological activities of P. urinaria. The literature reviewed for this article was obtained from the Web of Science, SciFinder, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar journal papers published prior to December 2017. Phytochemical investigations reveal that the plant is a rich source of lignans, tannins, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and other secondary metabolites. Pharmacological activities include anticancer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and cardioprotective effects. Thus, this present review summarizes the phytochemical constituents and their biological activities including biological studies on various crude extracts and fractions both in vitro and in vivo, and on clinical trial information about P. urinaria. This review compiles 93 naturally occurring compounds from P. urinaria along with their structures and pharmacological activities. The review is expected to stimulate further research on P. urinaria, and its pharmacological potential to yield novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shih-Torng Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Gomez-Chang E, Uribe-Estanislao GV, Martinez-Martinez M, Gálvez-Mariscal A, Romero I. Anti-Helicobacter pylori Potential of Three Edible Plants Known as Quelites in Mexico. J Med Food 2018; 21:1150-1157. [PMID: 30036109 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
"Quelites" are edible plants that are part of the traditional agro-ecosystems in Mexico. These plants, despite their already known nutritional properties, are now considered neglected and underutilized species. With the objective of promoting their reinsertion in the markets and mainly, in daily diets, efforts have been made to study them from multidisciplinary approaches to demonstrate their beneficial properties. To generate evidence of an added health-promoting value that would encourage quelites consumption, in the present work, the anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of three representative quelite species, Anoda cristata (Alache), Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Chaya), and Crotalaria pumila (Chepil), was tested. H. pylori is considered the etiological agent of gastritis, ulcer, and gastric cancer, and represents a public health problem in Mexico and worldwide. Aqueous (AQ) and dichloromethane-methanol (DM) extracts were obtained from the three species of quelites to investigate their effect on H. pylori growth and on two of its colonization factors (adherence and urease activity). DM extracts from Chaya, Chepil, and Alache exert the best inhibitory effect on bacterial growth, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 62.5, 125, and 250 μg/mL, respectively. AQ and DM extracts inhibit bacterial adhesion by 30% to 50%. None of them has an effect on urease activity. The two flavonoids present in A. cristata, acacetin and diosmetin, inhibit H. pylori growth by ∼90% with 3.9 μg/mL. These results provide new information about the anti-H. pylori potential of three edible quelites, and give an added value, since their routine consumption may impact on the prevention and/or control of H. pylori-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Gomez-Chang
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. Mx., México
| | | | - Maricruz Martinez-Martinez
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. Mx., México
| | - Amanda Gálvez-Mariscal
- 2 Department of Food and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. Mx., México
| | - Irma Romero
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. Mx., México
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Liu Q, Meng X, Li Y, Zhao CN, Tang GY, Li S, Gan RY, Li HB. Natural Products for the Prevention and Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:937-952. [PMID: 33350111 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the main pathogen that induces chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, atrophic gastritis, and other gastric disorders, and it is classified as a group I carcinogen. To eradicate H. pylori infection, triple therapy consisting of two antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor is the most widely recommended first-line therapeutic strategy. Antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics contained in triple therapy could lead to therapeutic regimen failures. Recent studies showed that many natural products, including fruits, vegetables, spices, and medicinal plants, possess inhibitory effects on H. pylori, indicating their potential to be alternatives to prevent and manage H. pylori infection. This review summarizes the effects of natural products on H. pylori infection and highlights the mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen Univ., Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen Univ., Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen Univ., Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Cai-Ning Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen Univ., Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guo-Yi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen Univ., Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen Univ., Guangzhou, 510080, China.,South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen Univ., Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Shapla UM, Raihan J, Islam A, Alam F, Solayman N, Gan SH, Hossen S, Khalil I. Propolis: The future therapy against Helicobacter pylori-mediated gastrointestinal diseases. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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12
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Anti- Helicobacter pylori effect of various extracts of ixeris chinensis on inflammatory markers in human gastric epithelial AGS cells. J Herb Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Jafargholizadeh N, Zargar SJ, Yassa N, Tavakoli S. Purification of Cucurbitacins D, E, and I from Ecballium Elaterium (L.) A. Rich Fruits and Study of Their Cytotoxic Effects on the AGS Cell Line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:4631-4635. [PMID: 27892675 PMCID: PMC5454608 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2016.17.10.4631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The plant Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich, belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family which occupies an important position in traditional medicine prescriptions. It has been reported that a freeze-dried aqueous extract of E. elaterium fruits has cytotoxic effects on the AGS human stomach adenocarcinoma cell line. We here focused on anticancer effects of the main chemicals purified from E. elaterium fruits. Materials and Methods: We isolated cucurbitacins D, E, and I from chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions of a methanolic extract of E. elaterium fruits and assessed their cytotoxic effects on the AGS cell line by MTT assay. The methanolic extract was fractionated to petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions. The compounds isolated by column chromatography were identified by NMR spectroscopy. Results: After 24 h of incubation with AGS cells, the IC50 values were 0.3, 0.1, and 0.5 μg/ml for cucurbitacins D, E, and I respectively. Conclusions: This finding suggests that because of its cucurbitacins, E. elaterium fruit may have some cytotoxic effects on gastric cancer cells. Also, compared with D and I, cucurbitacin E showed greater potency in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Jafargholizadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran.
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Dutra RC, Campos MM, Santos AR, Calixto JB. Medicinal plants in Brazil: Pharmacological studies, drug discovery, challenges and perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2016; 112:4-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Bioguided Fraction and Isolation of the Antitumor Components from Phyllanthus niruri L. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9729275. [PMID: 27777954 PMCID: PMC5061927 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9729275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Phyllanthus niruri L., a well-known medicinal plant, has been used as a folk antitumor remedy in the worldwide scale. However, the antitumor components in P. niruri have not been reported. In order to verify the antitumor components of P. niruri and the plants which have the high content of these components, we isolated the antitumor components with bioguided fraction and isolation, by different chromatographic methods from the ethyl acetate fraction of P. niruri., and identified them as ethyl brevifolincarboxylate and corilagin by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D-NMR, and mass spectrometric analyses. Cell cytotoxicity assays showed that corilagin has broad-spectrum antitumor activity, a better antitumor potential, and lower toxicity in normal cells. Besides, the coefficient of drug interaction (CDI) of 10 μM corilagin and 20 μM cDDP reached up to 0.77, which means corilagin can promote the antitumor activity of cDDP. Furthermore, by the extensive screening among 10 species of plants reported to contain corilagin, we found that Dimocarpus longan Lour. has the maximum content of corilagin. In conclusion, corilagin is the major active antitumor composition in P. niruri. L. on HCC cells and has high content in D. longan.
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Trinh BTD, Staerk D, Jäger AK. Screening for potential α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory constituents from selected Vietnamese plants used to treat type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 186:189-195. [PMID: 27041401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The 18 plant species investigated in this study have been used as herbal antidiabetic remedies in Vietnamese traditional medicines. This study aimed to evaluate their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase, two key enzymes involved in serum glucose regulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chloroform, ethanol and water extracts of 18 plants were screened for α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity. Analytical-scale HPLC was subsequently used to investigate the most active extracts, where samples with low level of tannins were identified and fractionated into 96-well microplates, followed by α-glucosidase and α-amylase assessment of each well. High-resolution α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition profiles constructed from these assays allowed identification of HPLC peaks correlated with α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity. The active constituents were subsequently isolated using preparative-scale HPLC and their structure was elucidated by HR-ESIMS and NMR. RESULTS Ethanol extracts of Nepenthes mirabilis, Phyllanthus urinaria, and Kandelia candel significantly inhibited α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 32.7±6.3, 39.7±9.7, and 35.4±13.9μg/mL, respectively. Water extracts of N. mirabilis, Phyllanthus amarus, P. urinaria, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Syzygium cumini, Rhizophora mucronata, and K. candel showed IC50 values of 3.3±0.8, 34.9±1.5, 14.6±4.6, 5.4±0.5, 20.9±1.8, 3.3±0.6, and 4.0±0.8μg/mL, respectively. In the α-amylase inhibition assay, ethanol extracts of K. candel and Ficus racemosa showed IC50 of 7.6±0.9 and 46.7±23.6μg/mL, respectively. Showing low tannin constituents as seen from HPLC profiles, P. amarus and P. urinaria water extracts and F. racemosa ethanol extract were subjected to microfractionation. Only high-resolution α-glucosidase inhibition profiles of P. amarus and P. urinaria water extracts showed several active compounds, which were isolated and identified as corilagin (1), repandusinic acid A (2), and mallotinin (3). IC50 of these compounds were 1.70±0.03, 6.10±0.10, and 3.76±0.15μM, respectively. Kinetics analysis revealed that 1 displayed a mixed type mode of inhibition with Ki and Ki' values of 2.37±0.90 and 2.61±0.61μM, respectively, whereas 2 and 3 competitively inhibited α-glucosidase with Ki values of 4.01±0.47 and 0.65±0.11μM, respectively. CONCLUSION Corilagin (1), repandusinic acid A (2), and mallotinin (3) were potent α-glucosidase inhibitors contributing significantly to the inhibitory effect observed for the water extracts of P. amarus and P. urinaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh T D Trinh
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan Staerk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna K Jäger
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Chung CY, Liu CH, Burnouf T, Wang GH, Chang SP, Jassey A, Tai CJ, Tai CJ, Huang CJ, Richardson CD, Yen MH, Lin CC, Lin LT. Activity-based and fraction-guided analysis of Phyllanthus urinaria identifies loliolide as a potent inhibitor of hepatitis C virus entry. Antiviral Res 2016; 130:58-68. [PMID: 27012176 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Without a vaccine, hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a global medical and socio-economic burden, predisposing about 170 million carriers worldwide to end-stage liver diseases including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the recently developed direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have revolutionized hepatitis C treatment, most of them are unsuitable for monotherapy due to risks of resistance, thus necessitating combination with interferon (IFN)-alpha, ribavirin, or additional DAAs. More importantly, the high cost associated with the DAAs restricts their accessibility to most parts of the world. Developing novel cost-effective anti-HCV therapeutics may help expand the scope of antivirals and treatment strategies against hepatitis C. Herein, we applied an activity-based and fraction-guided analysis of extracts from the medicinal plant Phyllanthus urinaria (P. urinaria), which yielded fraction 13 (F13) as possessing the most potent inhibitory activity against early viral entry of cell-culture HCV infection. Chemical analysis (silica gel chromatography followed by ESI LC-MS plus (1)H and (13)C NMR) of F13 identified loliolide (LOD), a monoterpenoid lactone, as a novel inhibitor of HCV entry. Specifically, LOD could efficiently inactivate HCV free virus particles, abrogate viral attachment, and impede viral entry/fusion, with minimal effect on viral replication/translation, particle production, and induction of type I IFN host antiviral immune response. ELISA-based binding analysis confirmed the monoterpenoid's ability in efficiently blocking HCV particle attachment to the host cell surface. Furthermore, LOD could inhibit infection by several genotypic strains of HCV. This is the first report characterizing P. urinaria and its bioactive compound LOD as potent HCV entry inhibitors, which merit further evaluation for development as candidate antiviral agents against hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chueh-Yao Chung
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Horng Wang
- Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals Engineering, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen City, China
| | - Shun-Pang Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Alagie Jassey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jei Tai
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jeng Tai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jang Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Christopher D Richardson
- Department of Pediatrics and Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ming-Hong Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ching Lin
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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18
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Espinosa-Rivero J, Rendón-Huerta E, Romero I. Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori growth and its colonization factors by Parthenium hysterophorus extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 174:253-260. [PMID: 26297842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae) is a traditional medicinal plant used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, such as gastritis. Helicobacter pylori have been described as the etiological agent of gastritis, peptic ulcer, as well as gastric adenocarcinoma. 50% of the world's population is infected with this bacterium and the current therapy fails due to the increment in antibiotic resistance; therefore, it is necessary to find new approaches to control H. pylori infection, either by its eradication or by preventing the bacterial colonization. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of P. hysterophorus extracts on H. pylori growth and upon its colonization-related factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five different polarity extracts from roots and aerial parts of P. hysterophorus were evaluated in vitro against H. pylori growth by the broth dilution method. Anti-colonization activities were determined as follows: motility in soft agar plates, urease activity by ammonia colorimetrical quantification, and adherence of FITC labeled H. pylori to AGS cells by fluorometrical measurement. RESULTS Organic extracts inhibited H. pylori growth. Particularly, the dichloromethane extract from roots showed a MIC of 15.6 µg/ml while the aqueous extracts showed low or null activity. There is a direct correlation between antibacterial activity and inhibition of motility. Urease activity was partially inhibited by organic extracts, at best 46%, except for the roots dichloromethane extract which reached 74% of inhibition with 500 µg/ml (IC50=136.4 µg/ml). Plant extracts inhibited adherence in different ranges but the dichloromethane-methanol ones possessed the highest effect, with a 70% maximal inhibition at 1mg/ml. CONCLUSION The results indicate that some P. hysterophorus extracts have various biological activities that could act synergistically against H. pylori. This work contributes to the ethnomedical knowledge of this species and underlines the potential of some organic extracts as a good source for the isolation of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmín Espinosa-Rivero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Erika Rendón-Huerta
- Laboratorio Inmunobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Irma Romero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 México, D.F., Mexico.
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Liu Y, Wei S, Liao M, Liu L, Huang Y. Self-assembly of glycinin nanoparticles for delivery of phenolic compounds from Phyllanthus urinaria. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14136a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycinin nanoparticles for delivery of phenolic compounds from Phyllanthus urinaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Zhaoqing University
- Zhaoqing
- PR China
| | - Shoulian Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Zhaoqing University
- Zhaoqing
- PR China
| | - Miaochan Liao
- Department of Logistics Management
- Zhaoqing University
- Zhaoqing
- PR China
| | - Ling Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Zhaoqing University
- Zhaoqing
- PR China
| | - Yunwei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Zhaoqing University
- Zhaoqing
- PR China
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Vale FF, Oleastro M. Overview of the phytomedicine approaches against Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:5594-5609. [PMID: 24914319 PMCID: PMC4024768 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i19.5594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) successfully colonizes the human stomach of the majority of the human population. This infection always causes chronic gastritis, but may evolve to serious outcomes, such as peptic ulcer, gastric carcinoma or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. H. pylori first line therapy recommended by the Maastricht-4 Consensus Report comprises the use of two antibiotics and a proton-pomp inhibitor, but in some regions failure associated with this treatment is already undesirable high. Indeed, treatment failure is one of the major problems associated with H. pylori infection and is mainly associated with bacterial antibiotic resistance. In order to counteract this situation, some effort has been allocated during the last years in the investigation of therapeutic alternatives beyond antibiotics. These include vaccines, probiotics, photodynamic inactivation and phage therapy, which are briefly revisited in this review. A particular focus on phytomedicine, also described as herbal therapy and botanical therapy, which consists in the use of plant extracts for medicinal purposes, is specifically addressed, namely considering its history, category of performed studies, tested compounds, active principle and mode of action. The herbs already experienced are highly diverse and usually selected from products with a long history of employment against diseases associated with H. pylori infection from each country own folk medicine. The studies demonstrated that many phytomedicine products have an anti-H. pylori activity and gastroprotective action. Although the mechanism of action is far from being completely understood, current knowledge correlates the beneficial action of herbs with inhibition of essential H. pylori enzymes, modulation of the host immune system and with attenuation of inflammation.
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Huang ST, Bi KW, Kuo HM, Lin TK, Liao PL, Wang PW, Chuang JH, Liou CW. Phyllanthus urinaria induces mitochondrial dysfunction in human osteosarcoma 143B cells associated with modulation of mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins. Mitochondrion 2014; 17:22-33. [PMID: 24836433 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Phyllanthus urinaria (P. urinaria), a widely used herbal medicine, has been reported to possess various biological characteristics including anti-inflammation, anti-virus, anti-bacteria, anti-hepatotoxicity and anti-cancer. This study provides molecular evidence associated with the dynamics and organization of mitochondria in osteosarcoma 143B cells resulted from P urinaria. Herein, P. urinaria-induced cytotoxicity and ROS associated with the inhibition of mitochondrial membrane potential were reversed by N-acetylcysteine (NAC). The endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) were activated by P. urinaria, but not correlated to catalase. P. urinaria decreased mitochondrial respiration activity as well as respiratory chain enzymes and HIF-1α in osteosarcoma 143B cells. Additionally, both adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase activation and ATP production were suppressed by P. urinaria. We further investigated changes of mitochondrial dynamic in osteosarcoma 143B cells. P. urinaria indeed fragmented the mitochondrial network of osteosarcoma 143B cells. We found a significant decrease in optic atrophy type 1 (Opa1) and mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) related to fusion proteins as well as increase mitochondrial fission 1 protein (Fis1) related to fission protein. It indicated that P. urinaria modulated the mitochondrial dynamics via fusion and fission machinery. Altogether, this study offers the evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction with dynamic change is essential components for the anti-cancer mechanism elicited by P. urinaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Teng Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine and Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Wei Bi
- Department of Chinese Medicine and Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Mei Kuo
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- Department of Neurology and Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lin Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine and Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Division of Pediatric Surgery and Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Haur Chuang
- Division of Pediatric Surgery and Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Department of Neurology and Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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An overview of important ethnomedicinal herbs of Phyllanthus species: present status and future prospects. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:839172. [PMID: 24672382 PMCID: PMC3932249 DOI: 10.1155/2014/839172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Phyllanthus consists of more than 1000 species, of which many are used as traditional medicines. The plant extracts have been used since ancient times, for treating hypertension, diabetes, hepatic, urinary, and sexual disorders, and other common ailments. Modern day scientific investigations have now confirmed pharmacognostic properties of Phyllanthus herbs. The phytochemicals attributing these medicinal properties have been identified in many of the Phyllanthus herbs. The morphologically similar herbs of Phyllanthus grow together and admixture of species during collection for manufacture of herbal medicines is quite common. Hence, along with pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies, appropriate protocols for correct identification of species are also important. As the use of these herbs as green medicines is becoming more popular, it is imperative to assess its genetic diversity and phylogenetic relatedness for future conservation strategies. This review is an attempt to present an overview of the existing studies on pharmacognostics, phytochemistry, species identification, and genetic diversity of Phyllanthus herbs and consequently (i) highlight areas where further research is needed and (ii) draw attention towards extending similar studies in underutilized but potentially important herbs such as P. maderaspatensis, P. kozhikodianus, P. rheedii, P. scabrifolius, and P. rotundifolius.
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Lu KH, Yang HW, Su CW, Lue KH, Yang SF, Hsieh YS. Phyllanthus urinaria suppresses human osteosarcoma cell invasion and migration by transcriptionally inhibiting u-PA via ERK and Akt signaling pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Zaidi SF, Muhammad JS, Shahryar S, Usmanghani K, Gilani AH, Jafri W, Sugiyama T. Anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of selected Pakistani medicinal plants in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:403-10. [PMID: 22433535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Due to its high global prevalence and uprising resistance to available antibiotics, efforts are now directed to identify alternative source to treat and prevent associated disorders. In the present study, effect of selected indigenous medicinal plants of Pakistan was evaluated on the secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a bid to rationalize their medicinal use and to examine the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects in gastric epithelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS AGS cells and clinically isolated Helicobacter pylori strain (193C) were employed for co-culture experiments. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity and cytotoxic effects of the selected plants were determined by serial dilution method and DNA fragmentation assay respectively. ELISA and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the effect on IL-8 secretion and ROS generation in Helicobacter pylori-infected cells. RESULTS At 100μg/ml, extracts of Alpinia galangal, Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum tamala, Mentha arvensis, Myrtus communis, Oligochaeta ramose, Polygonum bistorta, Rosa damascena, Ruta graveolens, Syzygium aromaticum, Tamarix dioica, and Terminalia chebula exhibited strong inhibitory activity against IL-8 secretion. Of these, four extracts of Cinnamomum cassia, Myrtus communis, Syzygium aromaticum, and Terminalia chebula markedly inhibited IL-8 secretion at both 50 and 100μg/ml. Cinnamomum cassia was further assessed at different concentrations against Helicobacter pylori and TNF-α stimulated IL-8 secretion, which displayed significant suppression of IL-8 in a concentration-dependent-manner. Among the plants examined against ROS generation, Achillea millefolium, Berberis aristata, Coriandrum sativum, Foeniculum vulgare, Matricaria chamomilla and Prunus domestica demonstrated significant suppression of ROS from Helicobacter pylori-infected cells (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Results of the study revealed anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of selected medicinal plants which could partially validate the traditional use of these plants in GI disorders particularly associated with Helicobacter pylori. Furthermore, results obtained may lead to possible future candidates of chemoprevention against peptic ulcer or gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faisal Zaidi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Corilagin is a potent inhibitor of NF-kappaB activity and downregulates TNF-alpha induced expression of IL-8 gene in cystic fibrosis IB3-1 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 13:308-15. [PMID: 22561123 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Corilagin (beta-1-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-d-glucose), a gallotannin identified in several plants, including Phyllanthus urinaria, has been shown to exhibit versatile medicinal activities. As far as possible anti-inflammatory effects of corilagin, only few reports are available, and the potential use of corilagin as possible therapeutic molecule for cystic fibrosis has not been evaluated. In the present paper we report experiments aimed at determining the activity of corilagin on nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) binding to DNA target and on the expression of the major pro-inflammatory gene involved in cystic fibrosis, interleukin-8 (IL-8). Both IL-8 mRNA content and IL-8 protein secretion were analyzed in cystic fibrosis bronchial IB3-1 cells stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), one of the most potent pro-inflammatory agents. The data obtained demonstrate that corilagin binds to NF-kappaB, inhibits NF-kappaB/DNA interactions and affects IL-8 gene expression in TNF-alpha treated IB3-1 cells. In addition, corilagin inhibits TNF-alpha induced secretion of MCP-1 and RANTES, exhibiting low or no effect on the release of G-CSF, IL-6 and VEGF. Therefore, corilagin might be of interest for experimental anti-inflammatory therapy of cystic fibrosis.
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Rao YK, Lien HM, Lin YH, Hsu YM, Yeh CT, Chen CC, Lai CH, Tzeng YM. Antibacterial activities of Anisomeles indica constituents and their inhibition effect on Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation in human gastric epithelial cells. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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Chang CS, Liu JF, Lin HJ, Lin CD, Tang CH, Lu DY, Sing YT, Chen LY, Kao MC, Kuo SC, Lai CH. Synthesis and bioevaluation of novel 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylbenzimidazole derivatives that inhibit Helicobacter pylori-induced pathogenesis in human gastric epithelial cells. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 48:244-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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28
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Verbeke H, Geboes K, Van Damme J, Struyf S. The role of CXC chemokines in the transition of chronic inflammation to esophageal and gastric cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2011; 1825:117-29. [PMID: 22079531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation may increase the risk to develop cancer, for instance esophagitis or gastritis may lead to development of esophageal or gastric cancer, respectively. The key molecules attracting leukocytes to local inflammatory sites are chemokines. We here provide a systematic review on the impact of CXC chemokines (binding the receptors CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3 and CXCR4) on the transition of chronic inflammation in the upper gastrointestinal tract to neoplasia. CXCR2 ligands, including GRO-α,β,γ/CXCL1,2,3, ENA-78/CXCL5 and IL-8/CXCL8 chemoattract pro-tumoral neutrophils. In addition, angiogenic CXCR2 ligands stimulate the formation of new blood vessels, facilitating tumor progression. The CXCR4 ligand SDF-1/CXCL12 also promotes tumor development by stimulating angiogenesis and by favoring metastasis of CXCR4-positive tumor cells to distant organs producing SDF-1/CXCL12. Furthermore, these angiogenic chemokines also directly enhance tumor cell survival and proliferation. In contrast, the CXCR3 ligands Mig/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10 and I-TAC/CXCL11 are angiostatic and attract anti-tumoral T lymphocytes and may therefore mediate tumor growth retardation and regression. Thus, chemokines exert diverging, sometimes dual roles in tumor biology as described for esophageal and gastric cancer. Therefore extensive research is needed to completely unravel the complex chemokine code in specific cancers. Possibly, chemokine-targeted cancer therapy will have to be adapted to the individual's chemokine profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannelien Verbeke
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven (K.U.Leuven), Belgium
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Lu DY, Tang CH, Chang CH, Maa MC, Fang SH, Hsu YM, Lin YH, Lin CJ, Lee WC, Lin HJ, Lee CH, Lai CH. Helicobacter pylori attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production by murine macrophages. Innate Immun 2011; 18:406-17. [PMID: 21926162 DOI: 10.1177/1753425911413164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intragastric growth of Helicobacter pylori and non-Helicobacter microorganisms is thought to be associated with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the production of NO these effects can lead to chronic inflammation. Microorganisms can activate the expression of iNOS and the production of NO by macrophages through stimulation with bacterial LPS. Helicobacter pylori can evade these vigorous immune responses, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we used a murine model of macrophage infection to demonstrate that H. pylori inhibits LPS-induced expression of iNOS and production of NO by macrophages. Suppression of LPS-induced NO production by macrophages led to elevated survival of H. pylori in a trans-well system. This effect was abrogated in macrophages from iNOS(-/-) mice. Analysis of iNOS mRNA and protein levels revealed that H. pylori inhibits iNOS expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, and that these effects occurred with live bacteria. Furthermore, the effect of H. pylori involved down-regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and the translocation of active NF-κB into the nucleus. Taken together, our results reveal a new mechanism by which H. pylori modulates the innate immune responses of the host and maintains a persistent infection within the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wu G, Cao Y, Fan B, Zheng F, Gao X, Liu N, Liu X, Huang N. High-mobility group protein N2 (HMGN2) inhibited the internalization of Klebsiella pneumoniae into cultured bladder epithelial cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2011; 43:680-7. [PMID: 21778192 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmr064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Since bacterial invasion into host cells is an important step in the infection process, using the agents to interfere with bacterial internalization is an attractive approach to block the infection process. In this work, we describe a new, previously unrecognized role of the human cationic host defense peptide HMGN2 during Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. Our results revealed that the internalization of K. pneumoniae strain 03183 into cultured bladder epithelial cells (T24) was significantly reduced at HMGN2 concentrations that were unable to produce any bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect. Using microarrays and follow-up studies, we demonstrated that HMGN2 affected the internalization of K. pneumoniae strain 03183 by inhibiting the attachment of bacteria, and then decreasing bacteria-induced ERK1/2 activation and actin polymerization, which might contribute to bacterial internalization into T24 cells. This disruption of bacterial internalization implied that HMGN2 could provide protection against K. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixia Wu
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, West China Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu
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Cheng HY, Yang CM, Lin TC, Lin LT, Chiang LC, Lin CC. Excoecarianin, Isolated from Phyllanthus urinaria Linnea, Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection through Inactivation of Viral Particles. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:259103. [PMID: 19808846 PMCID: PMC3136347 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phyllanthus urinaria Linnea (Euphorbiaceae) is one of the traditional medicinal plants widely used by oriental people to treat various diseases. We have previously demonstrated that the acetone extract of P. urinaria inhibits herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) but not HSV-1 infection. In a continuing effort to clarify the antiviral mechanisms of P. urinaria, we isolated the pure compound excoecarianin from the whole plant of P. urinaria through acetone extraction, and investigated its anti-HSV-1 and HSV-2 activities. Our results indicated that excoecarianin protected Vero cells from HSV-2 but not HSV-1 infection, and its 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 1.4 ± 0.1 μM. The antiviral effective concentration of excoecarianin did not affect the viability or the morphology of Vero cells. Although excoecarianin inhibited HSV-2 infection, the inhibitory effect, however, was most prominent when excoecarianin was concurrently added with the virus. Pretreatment of Vero cells with excoecarianin with removal of the drug prior to infection did not yield any antiviral effects, and the same observation was made for post viral entry treatment. Subsequent studies revealed that excoecarianin inactivated HSV-2 virus particles to prevent viral infection. A synergistic antiviral effect against HSV-2 was also observed when Vero cells were treated with a combination of acyclovir (ACV) and excoecarianin. These results suggested that excoecarianin merits to be further explored as an entry inhibitor against HSV-2 and could potentially be investigated for combinatorial drug treatment with nucleoside analogues such as ACV in therapeutic management of HSV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Yew Cheng
- Department of Cosmetic Applications & Management, Tung Fang Institute of Technology, 829 Kaohsiung County, Taiwan
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Yang JK, Yeo HD, Baik SC, Jung JY, Kim BM, Jeong MJ, Lee CH, Karigar CS, Park HM, Choi MS. Antibacterial and immuno-modulatory activity of ethanol extracts from Lespedeza sp. during Helicobacter pylori infections. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-3115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bensch K, Tiralongo J, Schmidt K, Matthias A, Bone KM, Lehmann R, Tiralongo E. Investigations into the Antiadhesive Activity of Herbal Extracts Against Campylobacter jejuni. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1125-32. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Bensch
- School of Pharmacy; Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus; Queensland 4222 Australia
| | - J. Tiralongo
- Institute for Glycomics; Gold Coast Campus; Queensland 4222 Australia
| | - K. Schmidt
- School of Pharmacy; Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus; Queensland 4222 Australia
| | - A. Matthias
- Integria Healthcare; 8 Clunies Ross Court, Eight Mile Plains Brisbane Queensland 4113 Australia
| | - K. M. Bone
- Integria Healthcare; 8 Clunies Ross Court, Eight Mile Plains Brisbane Queensland 4113 Australia
- School of Health; University of New England; Armidale New South Wales Australia
| | - R. Lehmann
- Integria Healthcare; 8 Clunies Ross Court, Eight Mile Plains Brisbane Queensland 4113 Australia
| | - E. Tiralongo
- School of Pharmacy; Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus; Queensland 4222 Australia
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Identification of 3',4',5'-trimethoxychalcone analogues as potent inhibitors of Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation in human gastric epithelial cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5462-5. [PMID: 20705463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to identify potent small molecule inhibitors of Helicobacter pylori led to the evaluation of 23 3',4',5'-trimethoxychalcone analogues. Some of the compounds displayed potent antibacterial activity against H. pylori. Three most active and selective compounds 1, 7, and 13 also showed the bactericide activity against the reference as well as multidrug-resistant strains of H. pylori. Additionally, the aforementioned three compounds potentially inhibited the H. pylori adhesion and invasion to human gastric epithelial (AGS) cells. Furthermore, these selective compounds inhibited the H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation by reduced inflammatory mediator's nuclear factor kappa B activation, and the secretion of interleukin-8.
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Geethangili M, Fang SH, Lai CH, Rao YK, Lien HM, Tzeng YM. Inhibitory effect of Antrodia camphorata constituents on the Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric inflammation. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Vega AE, Wendel GH, Maria AOM, Pelzer L. Antimicrobial activity of Artemisia douglasiana and dehydroleucodine against Helicobacter pylori. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 124:653-5. [PMID: 19422904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The increasing resistance of Helicobacter pylori to antibiotics demands the search for novel compounds from plant based sources. Artemisia douglasiana Besser is widely used in Cuyo region (Argentina) as folk medicine for the treatment of gastric ailments. AIM OF STUDY Based on our previous studies that Artemisia douglasiana exert cytoprotective actions against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury we assayed the anti-Helicobacter pylori effect of the Artemisia douglasiana extract and its active compound, dehydroleucodine. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vitro anti-bacterial activity of Artemisia douglasiana extract and its active compound, dehydroleucodine were determined against one standard strain and six clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori by using the agar dilution methods. RESULTS The results showed that both dehydroleucodine and Artemisia douglasiana extract had activity against the microorganism with MICs between 1-8 and 60-120 mg/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Artemisia douglasiana may be a useful alternative treatment strategy principally in eradication of metronidazole and clarithromycin-resistant strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Vega
- Area Microbiología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, 5700 San Luis, Argentina.
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Evaluation of medicinal plants from Central Kalimantan for antimelanogenesis. J Nat Med 2009; 63:473-80. [PMID: 19618251 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-009-0351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the course of searching for new materials to use as whitening agents, we screened 19 methanol extracts prepared from 14 medicinal plants from Central Kalimantan province, Indonesia. The screening methods used were the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay, a tyrosinase inhibition assay, and a melanin formation inhibition assay using B16 melanoma cells. The extracts of Willughbeia coriacea (bark part of aerial root), Phyllanthus urinaria (root), Eleutherine palmifolia (bulb), Eusideroxylon zwageri (seed), Dendrophthoe petandra (aerial root), Passiflora foetida (stem), and Vitex pinnata (root) showed DPPH radical-scavenging activity of more than 70% at 100 microg/ml. The extracts of W. coriacea (bark part of aerial root), P. urinaria (root), and D. petandra (aerial root) showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity of more than 40% using L-tyrosine as a substrate at 500 microg/ml. The extracts of W. coriacea (bark part of aerial root) and D. petandra (aerial root) showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity of more than 40% using L-DOPA as a substrate at 500 microg/ml. The extracts of W. coriacea (bark part of aerial root, 200 microg/ml), Glochidion philippcum (aerial root, 200 and 300 microg/ml), E. palmifolia (bulb, 50 microg/ml), E. zwageri (seed, 100 microg/ml), D. petandra (aerial root, 200 microg/ml), Lansium domesticum (bark, 25 microg/ml), P. foetida (stem, fruit, 300 microg/ml), and Solanum torvum (root, 300 microg/ml) strongly inhibited the melanin production of B16 melanoma cells without significant cytotoxicity. These findings indicate that some medicinal plants from Central Kalimantan are potential ingredients for skin-whitening cosmetics if their safety can be confirmed.
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