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Todorova N, Rangelov M, Dincheva I, Badjakov I, Enchev V, Markova N. Potential of hydroxybenzoic acids from Graptopetalum paraguayense for inhibiting of herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase – metabolome profiling, molecular docking and quantum-chemical analysis. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e79467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to our previous investigation the total methanol extract from Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther demonstrates a significant inhibitory effect on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). To clarify what causes this inhibitory activity on HSV-1, a metabolic profile of the plant was performed. Three main fractions: non-polar substances, polar metabolites and phenolic compounds were obtained and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was carried out. Since it is well known that phenolic compounds show a significant anti-herpes effect and that viral DNA polymerase (DNApol) appears to play a key role in HSV virus replication, we present a docking and quantum-chemical analysis of the binding of these compounds to viral DNApol amino acids. Fourteen different phenolic acids found by GC-MS analyses, were used in molecular docking simulations. According to the interaction energies of all fourteen ligands in the DNApol pockets based on docking results, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed on the five optimally interacting with the receptor acids. It was found that hydroxybenzoic acids from phenolic fraction of Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther show a good binding affinity to the amino acids from the active site of the HSV DNApol, but significantly lower than that of acyclovir. The mode of action on virus replication of acyclovir (by DNApol) is different from that of the plant phenolic acids one, probably.
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Ugwu CE, Suru SM. Medicinal plants with hepatoprotective potentials against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity: a review. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-021-00161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a well-characterized hepatotoxic agent. With rising cases of liver diseases, the identification, assessment, and development of hepatoprotective agents from plants source has become imperative.
Main body
With arrays of literature on plants with hepatoprotective potentials, this review sourced published literatures between 1998 and 2020 and systematically highlighted about 92 medicinal plants that have been reported to protect against CCl4-induced liver injury in animal models. The results show that herbal plants provide protection for the liver against CCl4 by downregulation of the liver marker enzymes and activation of antioxidant capacity of the liver cells with the restoration of liver architecture. We also provided the traditional and accompanying pharmacological uses of the plants. A variety of phytochemicals mostly flavonoids and polyphenols compounds were suggested to offer protection against liver injuries.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that there are a variety of phytochemicals in plant products with hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced toxicity in animal models.
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Graptopetalum paraguayense Extract Ameliorates Proteotoxicity in Aging and Age-Related Diseases in Model Systems. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124317. [PMID: 34959868 PMCID: PMC8706064 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Declines in physiological functions are the predominant risk factors for age-related diseases, such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, delaying the aging process is believed to be beneficial in preventing the onset of age-related diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that Graptopetalum paraguayense (GP) extract inhibits liver cancer cell growth and reduces the pathological phenotypes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in patient IPS-derived neurons. Here, we show that GP extract suppresses β-amyloid pathology in SH-SYS5Y-APP695 cells and APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity is enhanced by GP extract in U87 cells and APP/PS1 mice. Intriguingly, GP extract enhances autophagy in SH-SYS5Y-APP695 cells, U87 cells, and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, suggesting a conserved molecular mechanism by which GP extract might regulate autophagy. In agreement with its role as an autophagy activator, GP extract markedly diminishes mobility decline in polyglutamine Q35 mutants and aged wild-type N2 animals in C. elegans. Furthermore, GP extract significantly extends lifespan in C. elegans.
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Chang WC, Wu JSB, Shen SC. Vescalagin from Pink Wax Apple ( Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merrill and Perry) Protects Pancreatic β-Cells against Methylglyoxal-Induced Inflammation in Rats. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071448. [PMID: 34371651 PMCID: PMC8309315 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is the primary precursor of advanced glycation end products involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation and diabetes. A previous study in our laboratory found anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemic effects of the polyphenol vescalagin (VES) in rats with MG-induced carbohydrate metabolic disorder. The present study further investigated the occurrence of inflammation in pancreatic β-cells in MG-induced diabetic rats and the mechanism by which VES prevents it. The results showed that VES downregulates the protein expression levels of advanced glycation end product receptors and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β and upregulates the protein expression levels of pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and glyoxalase I from the pancreatic cells. The results also revealed that VES elevates glutathione and antioxidant enzyme contents and then downregulates c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways to protect pancreatic β-cells in MG-administered rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chang Chang
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - James Swi-Bea Wu
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Szu-Chuan Shen
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10610, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-77491437; Fax: +886-2-23639635
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Wu PC, Fann MJ, Tran TT, Chen SC, Devina T, Cheng IHJ, Lien CC, Kao LS, Wang SJ, Fuh JL, Tzeng TT, Huang CY, Shiao YJ, Wong YH. Assessing the therapeutic potential of Graptopetalum paraguayense on Alzheimer's disease using patient iPSC-derived neurons. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19301. [PMID: 31848379 PMCID: PMC6917798 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and also one of the leading causes of death worldwide. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and currently there is no drug treatment that can prevent or cure AD. Here, we have applied the advantages of using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons (iNs) from AD patients, which are able to offer human-specific drug responsiveness, in order to evaluate therapeutic candidates for AD. Using approach involving an inducible neurogenin-2 transgene, we have established a robust and reproducible protocol for differentiating human iPSCs into glutamatergic neurons. The AD-iN cultures that result have mature phenotypic and physiological properties, together with AD-like biochemical features that include extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and Tau protein phosphorylation. By screening using a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) approach, Graptopetalum paraguayense (GP) has been identified as a potential therapeutic agent for AD from among a range of Chinese herbal medicines. We found that administration of a GP extract caused a significantly reduction in the AD-associated phenotypes of the iNs, including decreased levels of extracellular Aβ40 and Aβ42, as well as reduced Tau protein phosphorylation at positions Ser214 and Ser396. Additionally, the effect of GP was more prominent in AD-iNs compared to non-diseased controls. These findings provide valuable information that suggests moving extracts of GP toward drug development, either for treating AD or as a health supplement to prevent AD. Furthermore, our human iN-based platform promises to be a useful strategy when it is used for AD drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Wu
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Ming-Ji Fann
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).,Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Tu Thanh Tran
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Shu-Cian Chen
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Tania Devina
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Irene Han-Juo Cheng
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Cheng-Chang Lien
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).,Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Lung-Sen Kao
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).,Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).,Division of General Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Jong-Ling Fuh
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).,Division of General Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Tsai-Teng Tzeng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Chi-Ying Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Young-Ji Shiao
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC). .,National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).
| | - Yu-Hui Wong
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).
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Zaharieva MM, Genova-Kalоu P, Dincheva I, Badjakov I, Krumova S, Enchev V, Najdenski H, Markova N. Anti-Herpes Simplex virus and antibacterial activities of Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther leaf extract: a pilot study. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1656108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Margaritova Zaharieva
- Department of Infectious Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petia Genova-Kalоu
- National Reference Laboratory “Rickettsia and Tissue Cultures”, Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- Department “Plant Genetic Resourses”, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ilian Badjakov
- Department “Plant Genetic Resourses”, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stefka Krumova
- National Reference Laboratory “Rickettsia and Tissue Cultures”, Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Venelin Enchev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Hristo Najdenski
- Department of Infectious Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Markova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Chao WW, Chen SJ, Peng HC, Liao JW, Chou ST. Antioxidant Activity of Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther Leaf Extract Counteracts Oxidative Stress Induced by Ethanol and Carbon Tetrachloride Co-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080251. [PMID: 31357705 PMCID: PMC6720351 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. In our previous study, 50% ethanolic G. paraguayense extracts (GE50) demonstrated good antioxidant activity. (2) Methods: To investigate the hepatoprotective effects of GE50 on ethanol and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) co-induced hepatic damage in rats, Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (Control group; GE50 group, 0.25 g/100 g BW; EC group: Ethanol + CCl4, 1.25 mL 50% ethanol and 0.1 mL 20% CCl4/100 g BW; EC + GE50 group: Ethanol + CCl4 + GE50; EC + silymarin group: ethanol + CCl4 + silymarin, 20 mg/100 g BW) for six consecutive weeks. (3) Results: Compared with the control group, EC group significantly elevated the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminitransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). However, GE50 or silymarin treatment effectively reversed these changes. GE50 had a significant protective effect against ethanol + CCl4 induced lipid peroxidation and increased the levels of glutathione (GSH), vitamin C, E, total antioxidant status (TAS), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferases (GST). Furthermore, in EC focal group, slight fat droplet infiltration was observed in the livers, while in the GE50 or silymarin treatment groups, decreased fat droplet infiltration. HPLC phytochemical profile of GE50 revealed the presence of gallic acid, flavone, genistin, daidzin, and quercetin. (4) Conclusions: The hepatoprotective activity of GE50 is proposed to occur through the synergic effects of its chemical component, namely, gallic acid, flavone, genistin, daidzin, and quercetin. Hence, G. paraguayense can be used as a complementary and alternative therapy in the prevention of alcohol + CCl4-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wan Chao
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Kainan University, Taoyuan 33857, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ju Chen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Peng
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Su-Tze Chou
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan.
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Graptopetalum paraguayense Inhibits Liver Fibrosis by Blocking TGF-β Signaling In Vivo and In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102592. [PMID: 31137784 PMCID: PMC6566198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Liver fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, including collagen, which occurs in most types of chronic liver diseases. Advanced liver fibrosis results in cirrhosis, liver failure, and portal hypertension. Activated hepatic perivascular stellate cells, portal fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts of bone marrow origin have been identified as major collagen-producing cells in the injured liver. These cells are activated by fibrogenic cytokines, such as TGF-β1. The inhibition of TGF-β1 function or synthesis is a major target for the development of antifibrotic therapies. Our previous study showed that the water and ethanol extracts of Graptopetalum paraguayense (GP), a Chinese herbal medicine, can prevent dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in rats. METHODS We used rat hepatic stellate HSC-T6 cells and a diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced rat liver injury model to test the potential mechanism of GP extracts and its fraction, HH-F3. RESULTS We demonstrated that GP extracts and HH-F3 downregulated the expression levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and inhibited the proliferation and migration via suppression of the TGF-β1 pathway in rat hepatic stellate HSC-T6 cells. Moreover, the HH-F3 fraction decreased hepatic collagen content and reduced plasma AST, ALT, and γ-GT activities in a DEN-induced rat liver injury model, suggesting that GP/HH-F3 has hepatoprotective effects against DEN-induced liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that GP/HH-F3 may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of liver fibrosis. The inhibition of TGF-β-mediated fibrogenesis may be a central mechanism by which GP/HH-F3 protects the liver from injury.
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Ai L, Chung YC, Jeng KCG, Lai PFH, Yeh SC, Lee KC, Lin SY, Xia Y, Wang G, Cui SW. Antioxidant hydrocolloids from herb Graptopetalum paraguayense leaves show anti-colon cancer cells and anti-neuroinflammatory potentials. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liu CY, Ko PH, Yen HR, Cheng CH, Li YH, Liao ZH, Hsu CH. The Chinese medicine Kuan-Sin-Yin improves liver function in patients with chronic hepatitis C: A randomised and placebo-controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2016; 27:114-22. [PMID: 27515885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS This study examined the effects of a traditional Chinese medicine decoction, Kuan-Sin-Yin (KSY), on patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in a randomised and placebo-controlled clinical trial. METHODS This trial enrolled 70 subjects with CHC who were randomised into 2 groups each with 35 participants. In total, 29 participants in the therapeutic group took 100mL of the herbal decoction daily, whereas 28 in the control group took an herbal placebo with the same dose and frequency for the 6-week study. The primary outcomes were liver function and viral load. Secondary measurements included haematopoietic and biochemical profiles, safety parameters, and a quality of life survey. All measurements were collected at the beginning of the study and after 6 weeks. RESULTS In within-group analysis, significant decreases of glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) 31.7±75.2IU/L and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) 20.3±45.7IU/L were found in the KSY group (p=0.031 and 0.024, respectively). In the between-group analysis, KSY reduced serum GOT and GPT levels by more than 20IU/L (p=0.027 and 0.047, respectively). KSY also significantly decreased viral load by 0.3 log units (p=0.047). In addition, KSY significantly decreased serum triglyceride 16.9±27.5mg/dL (p=0.024). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that taking the KSY herbal decoction for 6 weeks improves liver function and serum triglyceride levels and is safe for patients with CHC. The potential long-term effects of KSY on lipid metabolism related hepatoprotection and viral clearance warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Liu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Branch of Linsen and Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Hao Ko
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Rong Yen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, and Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hung Cheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Branch of Linsen and Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsien Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Branch of Linsen and Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Han Liao
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hua Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Branch of Linsen and Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, and HBV replication are commonly regulated by PGC-1α-dependent pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7788-803. [PMID: 25762623 PMCID: PMC4480716 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PGC-1α, a major metabolic regulator of gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis, is strongly induced to coactivate Hepatitis B virus (HBV) gene expression in the liver of fasting mice. We found that 8-Br-cAMP and glucocorticoids synergistically induce PGC-1α and its downstream targets, including PEPCK and G6Pase. Also, HBV core promoter activity was synergistically enhanced by 8-Br-cAMP and glucocorticoids. Graptopetalum paraguayense (GP), a herbal medicine, is commonly used in Taiwan to treat liver disorders. Partially purified fraction of GP (named HH-F3) suppressed 8-Br-cAMP/glucocorticoid-induced G6Pase, PEPCK and PGC-1α expression and suppressed HBV core promoter activity. HH-F3 blocked HBV core promoter activity via inhibition of PGC-1α expression. Ectopically expressed PGC-1α rescued HH-F3-inhibited HBV surface antigen expression, HBV mRNA production, core protein levels, and HBV replication. HH-F3 also inhibited fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression and decreased lipid accumulation by down-regulating PGC-1α. Thus, HH-F3 can inhibit HBV replication, gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis by down-regulating PGC-1α. Our study indicates that targeting PGC-1α may be a therapeutic strategy for treatment of HBV infections. HH-F3 may have potential use for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B patients with associated metabolic syndrome.
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Chen SJ, Yen CH, Liu JT, Tseng YF, Lin PT. Anti-inflammatory effect of water extracts of Graptopetalum paraguayense supplementation in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a preliminary study. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1772-1776. [PMID: 26036956 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have demonstrated that Graptopetalum paraguayense has good antioxidant ability; however, few studies have examined its anti-inflammatory effect. The study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of water extracts of G. paraguayense (WGP, 4 g day(-1)) in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS). Intervention was administered for 12 weeks. Levels of inflammatory markers [high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and antioxidant enzymes activities were measured. RESULTS Forty-two subjects completed the 12 week intervention study (placebo, n = 19; WGP, n = 23). After 12 weeks supplementation, subjects in WGP group had significantly lower levels of inflammatory markers than the baseline (P < 0.05) and the placebo group (CRP, P = 0.07; TNF-α, P = 0.04; IL-6, P = 0.03). The changes in levels of the inflammatory markers were significantly decreased in WGP group (CRP, P = 0.04; TNF-α, P = 0.06; IL-6, P = 0.01) compared to the placebo group. Levels of inflammatory markers were significantly negatively correlated with the antioxidant enzymes activities after supplementation. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated a significant reduction in inflammatory status in MS after WGP supplementation. WGP may exert an anti-inflammatory effect on MS in addition to its antioxidant ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ju Chen
- Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua, 51003, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hua Yen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
- Center for Education and Research on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tzu Liu
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Tseng
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ting Lin
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
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Liu HY, Peng HY, Hsu SL, Jong TT, Chou ST. Chemical characterization and antioxidative activity of four 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaroyl (HMG)-substituted flavonoid glycosides from Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2015; 56:8. [PMID: 28510817 PMCID: PMC5430333 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-015-0088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther is a popular traditional Chinese herb and possesses several health benefits. In earlier studies, we demonstrated that G. paraguayense showed no genotoxicity and showed several biological activities. However, the constituents of G. paraguayense have not been studied yet. In this present study, we isolated and identified the constituents of the leaves of G. paraguayense E. Walther. RESULTS A total of seven flavonoid compounds were isolated from the methanolic extract of G. paraguayense. The four major compounds isolated were flavonoid glucoside derivatives of quercetin (1, 3) and kampferol (2, 4), each presenting a 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaroyl (HMG) substituent; compounds 3 and 4-the 2´´-acetyl derivatives of 1 and 2, respectively-are novel compounds isolated from nature for the first time. High-performance liquid chromatography for the quantitative analyses of the four major HMG-substituted flavonoid glycosides in G. paraguayense E. Walther were accomplished to acquire the high yields of 1-4 in the methanolic extract (4.8, 5.7, 4.3, and 2.5 mg/g, respectively). Furthermore, the antioxidant activities, including radical-scavenging, reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibitory effects of these isolated flavonoids were also evaluated. All seven of the isolated flavonoid compounds possessed antioxdative activity. CONCLUSIONS In this study of the constituents of the leaves of G. paraguayense E. Walther, we isolated four major components from its methanolic extract and determined their structures to be (acetylated) HMG-substituted flavonol glycosides, which are rare in nature. All seven of the isolated compounds possessed antioxdative activity, and those flavonoid compounds may be responsible for the functional ingredients in G. paraguayense. Further investigation of their bioactivities or pharmacological activities will be continued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-kuang Road, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Peng
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 43301 Shalu Dist Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lan Hsu
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung City, 40705 Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Jong
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-kuang Road, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Su-Tze Chou
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 43301 Shalu Dist Taiwan
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Zhang LF, Shen SR, Li YH, Lo CY, Lee BH, Wu SC. Anti-Glycation of Active Compounds Purified from G
raptopetalum Paraguayense. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Fang Zhang
- Department of Food Sciences; National Chiayi University; Chiayi 60004 Taiwan
| | - Siou-Ru Shen
- Department of Food Sciences; National Chiayi University; Chiayi 60004 Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsing Li
- Department of Basic Medical Science; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN
| | - Chih-Yu Lo
- Department of Food Sciences; National Chiayi University; Chiayi 60004 Taiwan
| | - Bao-Hong Lee
- Department of Basic Medical Science; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN
- Department of Medicinal Plant Development; Yu-Pin Tang Traditional Chinese Medicine Foundation; Kaohsiung City 813 Taiwan
| | - She-Ching Wu
- Department of Food Sciences; National Chiayi University; Chiayi 60004 Taiwan
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Eidi A, Mortazavi P, Moghadam JZ, Mardani PM. Hepatoprotective effects of Portulaca oleracea extract against CCl4-induced damage in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1042-1051. [PMID: 25472695 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.957783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L., Portulacaceae) has been traditionally used in folk medicine to afford protection against liver injury, although its actual efficacy remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE To evaluate purslane as a hepatoprotective agent, we investigated the protective effect of its ethanol extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 108 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 12 groups. The first group was maintained as normal control, whereas CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg bw, 50% CCl4 in olive oil, i.p.), purslane extract (0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 g/kg bw, intragastrically), and purslane extract (five doses as above) along with CCl4 were administered to the Groups II, III-VII, and VIII-XII, respectively. The rats were sacrificed on the 30th day, and blood was withdrawn by cardiac puncture. Liver damage was assessed by measuring hepatic marker enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, and SOD) and histopathological observation. RESULTS Treatment with CCl4 resulted in increased serum activities of marker enzymes with a concomitant decrease in SOD. Histological alterations were also observed in the liver tissue upon CCl4 treatment. Administration of purslane extract (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 g/kg b.w.) significantly showed a marked tendency towards normalization of all measured biochemical parameters in CCl4-treated rats. Histopathological changes also paralleled the detected alteration in markers of liver function. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that purslane exerts protective effects against CCl4-induced damage in rat liver and supports a potential therapeutic use of purslane as an alternative for patients with liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Eidi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
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Evaluation of the medicinal herb Graptopetalum paraguayense as a treatment for liver cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121298. [PMID: 25849560 PMCID: PMC4388720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy and the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Sorafenib is the only drug for patients with advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that has been shown to confer a survival benefit to patients with HCC; however, it has many side effects. Thus, alternate therapeutic strategies with improved safety and therapeutic efficacy for the management of HCC should be developed. Methods and Findings We demonstrate that an extract of Graptopetalum paraguayense (GP) down-regulated the expression levels of several onco-proteins, including AURKA, AURKB, and FLJ10540, in HCC cells. To isolate the active components in the GP extracts, we prepared extracts fractions and assessed their effects on the expression of onco-proteins in HCC cells. The fraction designated HH-F3 was enriched in active ingredients, exhibited cytotoxic effects, and suppressed the expression of the onco-proteins in HCC cells. The structure of the main active compound in HH-F3 was found to be similar to that of the proanthocyanidin compounds derived from Rhodiola rosea. In addition, a distinct new compound rich in 3, 4, 5-trihydroxy benzylic moieties was identified in the HH-F3 preparations. Mechanistic studies indicated that HH-F3 induced apoptosis in HCC cells by promoting the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the production of reactive oxygen species. HH-F3 also enhanced PTEN expression and decreased AKT phosphorylation at Ser473 in a concentration-dependent manner in HCC cells. Moreover combination of GP or HH-F3 and sorafenib synergistically inhibits the proliferation of Huh7 cells. The treatment of a rat model with diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver cancer with extracts of GP and HH-F3 decreased hepatic collagen contents and inhibited tumor growth. Conclusions These results indicate that GP extracts and HH-F3 can protect the liver by suppressing tumor growth; consequently, these compounds could be considered for the treatment of HCC.
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Singh C, Jodave L, Bhatt TD, Gill MS, Suresh S. Hepatoprotective agent tethered isoniazid for the treatment of drug-induced hepatotoxicity: Synthesis, biochemical and histopathological evaluation. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:885-893. [PMID: 28962300 PMCID: PMC5598226 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effect of isoniazid–curcumin conjugate (INH–CRM) in INH-induced hepatic injury by biochemical analysis and histology examination of liver in Wistar rats. The biochemical analysis included determination of the levels of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), albumin content, and lipid peroxidation (MDA). INH–CRM administration resulted in a significant decrease in plasma cholesterol, TG, and MDA levels in the liver tissue homogenate with an elevation in albumin level indicating its hepatoprotective activity. Histology of the liver further confirmed the reduction in hepatic injury. The hepatoprotective with INH–CRM can be attributed to the antioxidant activity of curcumin. The conjugate probably stabilizes the curcumin molecule, preventing its presystemic metabolism thereby enhancing its bioavailability and therefore, its hepatoprotective activity. Thus, the novel INH–CRM has the potential to alleviate INH-induced liver toxicity in antitubercular treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali) Punjab 160062 India
| | - Laxmikant Jodave
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali) Punjab 160062 India
| | - Tara Datt Bhatt
- Technology Development Centre, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali) Punjab 160062 India
| | - Manjinder Singh Gill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali) Punjab160062 India
| | - Sarasija Suresh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali) Punjab 160062 India
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +0172 2292055; fax: +0172 2214692
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Jaydeokar AV, Bandawane DD, Bibave KH, Patil TV. Hepatoprotective potential of Cassia auriculata roots on ethanol and antitubercular drug-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental models. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:344-55. [PMID: 24472085 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.837075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tarvada [Cassia auriculata Linn. (Caesalpiniaceae)] is used against liver ailments in Indian folk medicine, but there is a lack of scientific evidence for this traditional claim. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the protective effect of methanol extract of tarvada (MECA) roots on ethanol and antitubercular drug induced hepatotoxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the therapeutic model, ethanol (40%, 4 g/kg b.w., p.o.) was administered to rats for 21 days and the intoxicated rats were treated with MECA (300 and 600 mg/kg, b.w.) and silymarin (100 mg/kg, b.w.) for next 7 days. In the prophylactic model, MECA and silymarin were administered simultaneously along with a combination of isoniazid (27 mg/kg, b.w.), rifampicin (54 mg/kg, b.w.) and pyrazinamide (135 mg/kg, b.w.) for 30 days. After the study duration, serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, total protein, albumin were estimated along with hepatic catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and liver histopathology in each group. RESULTS Administration of tarvada root extract significantly (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) lowered the elevated levels of serum AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, total protein and restored the abnormal levels of enzymatic antioxidants and MDA in liver due to toxicant administration in a dose-dependent manner. These results were confirmed by histopathological analysis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Results suggest that tarvada root extract possess potent hepatoprotective activity against ethanol and antitubercular drug-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, which could be due to an inhibition of hepatic metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish V Jaydeokar
- Department of Pharmacology, PES's Modern College of Pharmacy , Pune, Maharashtra , India and
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Effects of water extracts of Graptopetalum paraguayense on blood pressure, fasting glucose, and lipid profiles of subjects with metabolic syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:809234. [PMID: 24371832 PMCID: PMC3859208 DOI: 10.1155/2013/809234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effects of water extracts of Graptopetalum paraguayense (WGP, 4 g/d) on blood pressure, blood glucose level, and lipid profiles in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS). Participants with MS (n = 54) were randomly assigned to the placebo (n = 28) and WGP groups (n = 26), and the intervention was administered for 12 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting glucose (FG), lipid profiles (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein (HDL-C)), and antioxidant enzymes activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) were measured. Forty-two subjects completed the study (placebo, n = 19; WGP, n = 23). FG, SBP, and LDL-C levels were significantly lower and HDL-C level and antioxidant enzymes activities (CAT and SOD) were significantly higher after WGP supplementation. Blood pressure, FG, and lipid profiles were significantly correlated with antioxidant enzymes activities after supplementation (P < 0.05). The present study demonstrated a significant reduction in blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profiles and an increase in antioxidant enzymes activities in subjects with MS after WGP supplementation. Taken together, the antioxidative capacity of WGP might exert a beneficial effect on MS. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01463748.
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Chen SY, Chyau CC, Chu CC, Chen YH, Chen TH, Duh PD. Hepatoprotection using sweet orange peel and its bioactive compound, hesperidin, for CCl4-induced liver injury in vivo. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Lee BH, Lee CC, Cheng YH, Chang WC, Hsu WH, Wu SC. Graptopetalum paraguayense and resveratrol ameliorates carboxymethyllysine (CML)-induced pancreas dysfunction and hyperglycemia. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:492-8. [PMID: 24036142 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is associated with advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Recently, AGEs were found to cause pancreatic damage, oxidative stress, and hyperglycemia through the AGE receptor. Carboxymethyllysine (CML) is an AGE but whether it induces pancreatic dysfunction remains unclear. Graptopetalum paraguayense, a vegetable consumed in Taiwan, has been used in folk medicine and is an antioxidant that protects against liver damage. We investigated the protective properties of G. paraguayense 95% ethanol extracts (GPEs) against CML-induced pancreatic damage. The results indicated that resveratrol, GPE, and gallic acid (the active compound of GPE) increased insulin synthesis via upregulation of pancreatic peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor-γ (PPARγ) and pancreatic-duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) but inhibited the expression of CML-mediated CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β (C/EBPβ), a negative regulator of insulin production. Moreover, resveratrol and GPE also strongly activated nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to attenuate oxidative stress and improve insulin sensitivity in the liver and muscle of CML-injected C57BL/6 mice and resulted in reduced blood glucose levels. Taken together, these findings suggested that GPE and gallic acid could potentially be used as a food supplement to protect against pancreatic damage and the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Hong Lee
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Taiwan, ROC.
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Graptopetalum paraguayense Ameliorates Airway Inflammation and Allergy in Ovalbumin- (OVA-) Sensitized BALB/C Mice by Inhibiting Th2 Signal. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:237096. [PMID: 23843865 PMCID: PMC3703387 DOI: 10.1155/2013/237096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Role of inflammation-induced oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic inflammatory airways diseases has received increasing attention in recent years. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 is the primary transcription factor that regulates the expression of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes. Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther, a vegetable consumed in Taiwan, has been used in folk medicine for protection against liver injury through elevating antioxidation. Recently, we found that gallic acid is an active compound of Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther, which has been reported to inhibit T-helper 2 cytokines. Currently, we assumed that Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther may potentially protect against ovalbumin-induced allergy and airway inflammation. Results demonstrated that Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther ethanolic extracts (GPE) clearly inhibited airway inflammation, mucus cell hyperplasia, and eosinophilia in OVA-challenged mice. Additionally, GPE also prevented T-cell infiltration and Th2 cytokines, including interleukin- (IL-)4, IL-5, and IL-13 generations in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid. The adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were substantially reduced by GPE treatment mediated by Nrf2 activation. Moreover, GPE attenuated GATA3 expression and inhibited Th2 signals of the T cells. These findings suggested that GPE ameliorated the development of airway inflammation through immune regulation.
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Cheng CC, Wu LC, Lai JM, Chen CT, Hsueh CM, Hsu SL. Ethanol Extract ofGraptopetalum paraguayenseUpregulates Paraoxonase 1 Gene Expression via an AKT/NF-κB-Dependent Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 40:357-72. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Human serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a calcium-dependent ester hydrolase, protects against the oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and is a major anti-atherosclerotic component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Graptopetalum paraguayense, a folk herbal medicine commonly used in Taiwan, has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, and anti-atherogenic properties. The effects of G. paraguayense on the activity and/or expression of PON1 were examined using various extracts of the plant; extracts were made in water (GPWE), 50% ethanol (GP50E), and 95% ethanol (GP95E). Of these extracts, GP50E was found to be the most effective at increasing the function and expression of PON1 in a human hepatoma HepG2 cell line. Data from electrophoretic mobility shift assays and promoter-reporter luciferase analyses demonstrated that the DNA binding activity and transactivation ability of NF-κB were enhanced by GP50E. Treatment with NF-κB inhibitors, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, and BAY 11-7082 significantly attenuated GP50E-induced PON1 production and NF-κB transactivation activity. In addition, GP50E increased the levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B (PKB/AKT). Pharmacological inhibition of AKT by LY294002 effectively suppressed NF-κB activation and PON1 gene expression, suggesting that AKT was an upstream regulator of GP50E-mediated biological events. Overall, the results show that GP50E up-regulated PON1 gene expression via an AKT/NF-κB-dependent signaling pathway in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. This observation led to the conclusion that the anti-atherogenic characteristics of G. paraguayense are modulated, at least in part, via the up-regulation of hepatocyte PON1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chih Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Mei Lai
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei County, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ting Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Mei Hsueh
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lan Hsu
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chung YC, Chou ST, Jhan JK, Liao JW, Chen SJ. In vitro and in vivo safety of aqueous extracts of Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 140:91-97. [PMID: 22240512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther, a widely consumed vegetable in Taiwan, has many biological effects and has been used in folk medicine to alleviate hepatic disorders, exert diuretic effects, and relieve pain and infections. However, little data exist regarding its safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two genotoxicity assays were performed: chromosomal aberration of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1 cells) (in vitro) and micronucleus assay in mice (in vivo). Acute oral toxicity and 28-day repeated feeding toxicity tests were performed by oral gavage in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. RESULTS GWE did not increase micronucleus ratios in vivo, and by chromosome aberration assay, GWE was safe up to 1.2mg/ml with regard to clastogenicity. Chromatid breakage was observed at high concentrations (2.5 and 5.0mg/ml) of GWE. GWE had no acute lethal effect at the maximum dose (5g/kg bw) in rats. In the 28-day study, there were no adverse effects on body weight, feed consumption, hematology, blood biochemical parameters, organ weight, or pathology. CONCLUSION The acute toxicity study showed that the LD(50) of GWE was greater than the tested dose (up to 1g/kg bw) in SD rats. In the subacute toxicity study, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of GWE in rats was 1g/kg bw. The in vivo study of mammalian erythrocyte micronuclei confirmed the Ames test results, demonstrating that GWE has no mutagenicity. High doses of GWE require further examination due to its clastogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chin Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, 200 Chungchi Road, Shalu, Taichung 433, Taiwan, ROC
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