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Alruwad MI, Salah El Dine R, Gendy AM, Saleh AM, Khalaf MA, El Hefnawy HM, Sabry MM. Insights into Clematis cirrhosa L. Ethanol Extract: Cytotoxic Effects, LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Chemical Profiling, Molecular Docking, and Acute Toxicity Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1347. [PMID: 39458988 PMCID: PMC11510288 DOI: 10.3390/ph17101347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Jordanian traditional medicine, Clematis cirrhosa is commonly employed for the management of different diseases. Numerous investigations have documented the cytotoxic properties of different Clematis species against numerous types of cancer. Previously, we demonstrated the potential cytotoxicity of Clematis cirrhosa against HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. Extending our work, the current research aimed to explore the possible mechanisms underlying its antiproliferative activity with a plant safety evaluation. METHODS This study evaluates the extract's impact on the cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell migration through in vitro assays, LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis, docking studies, and an acute toxicity evaluation. RESULTS The Clematis cirrhosa ethanol extract (CEE) induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest (19.63%), triggered significant apoptosis (41.99%), and inhibited cell migration/wound healing by 28.15%. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed increased expression of the proapoptotic markers BAX (6.03-fold) and caspase-3 (6.59-fold), along with the reduced expression of the antiapoptotic BCL-2, in CEE-treated cells. Moreover, CEE significantly restrained angiogenesis by reducing VEGF mRNA expression by 63.9%. High-resolution LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS studies identified 26 metabolites, including phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and triterpenoids. Docking studies suggested that manghaslin had the highest binding affinity for VEGFR-2, followed by calceolarioside B, quercetin 7-O-rhamnopyranoside, luteolin, and quercetin-3,7-O-diglucoside. On the other hand, salvadoraside exhibited the highest binding affinity for the inhibition of caspase-3, followed by quercetin-3,7-O-diglucoside, kaempferol-3,7-O-α-L-dirhamnoside, manghaslin, and tectoridin, supporting the observed apoptotic effects. Interestingly, the outcomes further indicate that a single oral administration of up to 5000 mg/kg CEE is safe for consumption. CONCLUSIONS These outcomes point to the potential of Clematis cirrhosa as a promising candidate for further exploration in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal I. Alruwad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (M.I.A.); (R.S.E.D.); (H.M.E.H.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Riham Salah El Dine
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (M.I.A.); (R.S.E.D.); (H.M.E.H.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Abdallah M. Gendy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza 12585, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman M. Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Khalaf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Hala M. El Hefnawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (M.I.A.); (R.S.E.D.); (H.M.E.H.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Manal M. Sabry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (M.I.A.); (R.S.E.D.); (H.M.E.H.); (M.M.S.)
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Tao M, Liu S, Liu A, Li Y, Tian J, Yang B, Zhu W. Integrative Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analyses Revealed the Regulatory Mechanism of the Response to Ultraviolet B Stress in Clematis terniflora DC. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:1652-1662. [PMID: 36643485 PMCID: PMC9835548 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Clematis terniflora DC. (C. terniflora) has been used as an ancient Chinese traditional herbal medicine. The active substances in C. terniflora have been confirmed to be effective in treating diseases such as prostatitis. UV light radiation is a common environmental factor that damages plants and influences primary and secondary metabolism. Previous studies showed that ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation followed by dark stress resulted in the accumulation of secondary metabolites in C. terniflora leaves. An in-depth understanding of how C. terniflora leaves respond to UV-B stress is crucial for improving C. terniflora value. Here, we conducted label-free proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses to explore the protein changes under UV-B and UV-B combined with dark treatment. A total of 2839 proteins and 1638 phosphorylated proteins were identified. Integrative omics revealed that the photosynthetic system and carbohydrate balance were modulated under both stresses. The phosphoproteomic data indicated that the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway was triggered, while the abundance of phosphorylated proteins related to osmotic stress was increased under UV-B stress. Differentially abundant phosphoproteins from UV-B followed by dark treatment were mainly enriched in response to stimulus including calcium-mediated proteins. This study provides new insight into the impact of UV-B stress on C. terniflora and plant molecular resistance mechanisms through proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Tao
- College
of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shengzhi Liu
- College
of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Amin Liu
- College
of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yaohan Li
- College
of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- The
Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang
Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Bingxian Yang
- College
of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang
Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- The
Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang
Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
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Jangra A, Verma M, Kumar D, Chandrika C, Rachamalla M, Dey A, Dua K, Jha SK, Ojha S, Alexiou A, Kumar D, Jha NK. Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress using Natural Products in Neurological Disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104818. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Dashdondov O, Wazir J, Sukhbaatar G, Mikrani R, Dorjsuren B, Aktar N, Zhou X. Herbal nutraceutical treatment of chronic prostatitis-chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a literature review. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 53:1515-1528. [PMID: 33907984 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-021-02868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is the most frequent form of prostatitis, and has a serious impact on patients' quality of life, and causes severe symptoms. The pain in the pelvic, perineal and penile areas, lower abdominal pain, and pain during urination or ejaculation are the main complaints of CP/CPPS. The underlying complex and unknown pathophysiology of this syndrome have made the management of CP/CPPS and the availability of monotherapy challenging. To identify an effective monotherapy, a plethora of clinical trials failed due to its puzzling etiology. Antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, and a-blockers have been commonly used for the treatment of CP/CPPS, but the desired and complete effects have not been gotten yet. The patients and clinicians are attracted to alternative therapies because of their multi-targeted effects. Attention toward natural compounds effectiveness and safety, supporting the development of a new nutraceutical science. In the alternative remedies for the treatment of prostatic diseases, medicinal herbs, in the form of herb parts or extracts, are getting attention due to their positive effects on prostatic diseases. At present, there is no available detailed literature review about the efficacy of medicinal herbs in the treatment of CP/CPPS. This review aimed to explore the useful medicinal herbs in the treatment of CP/CPPS from different perspectives and their possible mechanism of action in managing CP/CPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochbayasakh Dashdondov
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junaid Wazir
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganbolor Sukhbaatar
- Center for Cancer Genomics, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Reyaj Mikrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Buyankhishig Dorjsuren
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Nasrin Aktar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Department of Surgery, Nanjing Shuiximen Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, People's Republic of China. .,Zhongda Hospital, Affiliated with Southeast University, Nanjing, 210017, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Kongkham B, Prabakaran D, Puttaswamy H. Opportunities and challenges in managing antibiotic resistance in bacteria using plant secondary metabolites. Fitoterapia 2020; 147:104762. [PMID: 33069839 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Development of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in bacteria and its multidimensional spread is an emerging global threat that needs immediate attention. Extensive antibiotics (AB) usage results in development of ABR in bacteria by target modification, production of AB degrading enzymes, porin modifications, efflux pumps overexpression, etc. To counter this, apart from strict regulation of AB use and behavioural changes, research and development (R&D) of newer antimicrobials are in place. One such emerging approach to combat ABR is the use of structurally and functionally diverse plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) in combination with the conventional AB. Either the PSMs are themselves antimicrobial or they potentiate the activity of the AB through a range of mechanisms. However, their use is lagging due to poor knowledge of mode of action, structure-activity relationships, pharmacokinetics, etc. This review paper discussed the opportunities and challenges in managing ABR using PSMs. Mechanisms of ABR development in bacteria and current strategies to counter them were studied and the areas where PSMs can play an important role were highlighted. The use of PSMs, both as an anti-resistance and anti-virulence agent in combination therapy to counter multi-drug resistance along with their mechanisms of action, has been discussed in detail. The difficulties in the commercialisation of PSMs and strategies to overcome them along with future priority areas of research have also been given. Following the given R&D path will definitely help in better understanding and utilising the full potential of PSMs in solving the problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhani Kongkham
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Duraivadivel Prabakaran
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Hariprasad Puttaswamy
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India.
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The Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Effects of Ningmitai Capsule in the Experimental Autoimmune Prostatitis Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5847806. [PMID: 32595732 PMCID: PMC7275227 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5847806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Ningmitai (NMT) capsule has been widely prescribed for the treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), but the mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effects of the NMT capsule in the experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) rat models and explore its possible mechanisms. Methods A total of fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. Prostate extract was obtained for the induction of EAP rat models. The EAP rats were randomly divided into the model group, NMT low-dose group (0.45 g/kg/d), NMT medium-dose group (0.90 g/kg/d), and NMT high-dose group (1.80 g/kg/d), with six rats per group. Three NMT treatment groups were administered with the NMT capsule by gavage for 30 days. HE staining was used for histopathological analyses of prostate tissues. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of proinflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α. The MDA level was detected to reflect the level of oxidative stress. The bilateral dorsal root ganglia of T3/L1 to S4 were dissected to measure the substance P expression. Results EAP rat models were successfully constructed, in which extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells was found. Treatment of NMT capsule for 30 days and the infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly mitigated (P < 0.05), especially in the NMT medium-dose group and NMT high-dose group. Moreover, the expression of IL-1β and the level of MDA were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In addition, NMT treatment could significantly alleviate substance P expression in dorsal root ganglia. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that the NMT capsule can alleviate inflammatory response and oxidative stress and reduce the production of substance P in EAP rats. This provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of NMT capsule for CP/CPPS treatment.
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Deng GC, Lu M, Zhao YY, Yuan Y, Chen G. Activated spinal astrocytes contribute to the later phase of carrageenan-induced prostatitis pain. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:189. [PMID: 31653262 PMCID: PMC6814979 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostatodynia is the main symptom of chronic prostatitis and the main reason that patients go to the hospital for treatment. Although a variety of factors, including inflammatory immune response, nervous system sensitization, and psychological factors, have been shown to play important roles in the induction and development of chronic pain in prostatitis, the underlying cause of chronic prostatodynia maintenance in prostatitis patients remains unclear. Methods A mouse model of chronic prostatitis induced by carrageenan injection was used. The von Frey test was used to measure pain behavior. The microglial and astrocyte activations were immunohistochemically demonstrated with antibodies against Iba1 and GFAP. The expression of cytokine or signaling pathway was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. Results In this study, we provide several lines of evidence to demonstrate that activated spinal astrocytes contribute to the later phase (5 weeks after carrageenan injection) of carrageenan-induced prostatitis pain. First, activation of spinal astrocytes but not microglia was found in the spinal cord dorsal horn at 5 weeks. Second, intrathecal injection of the astroglial toxin L-2-Aminoadipate acid (L-AA) but not microglial inhibitor minocycline reduced mechanical allodynia at 5 weeks. Third, chronic prostatitis induced a profound and persistent upregulation of connexin-43 hemichannels in spinal astrocytes, and spinal injection of the connexin-43 inhibitor carbenoxolone (CBX) effectively reduced pain symptoms. Fourth, increased expression and release of chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1) in the spinal dorsal horn and intrathecal injection of a CXCL1 neutralizing antibody or the CXCR2 (a major receptor of CXCL1) antagonist SB225002 significantly reduced mechanical allodynia at 5 weeks. Conclusions In this study, we found that a novel mechanism of activated spinal astrocytes plays a crucial role in maintaining chronic prostatitis-induced persistent pain via connexin-43-regulated CXCL1 production and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Chuang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (The First People's Hospital of Nantong), Nantong, China
| | - Ya-Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Tissue and Embryology, Medical School of Nantong University, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Guan Q, Zheng Y, Wei X, Wang S, Su B, Yu S. The Effect of Flavonoids on Chronic Prostatitis: A Meta-analysis of Published Randomized Controlled Trials. J Natl Med Assoc 2019; 111:555-562. [PMID: 31130294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of flavonoids on chronic prostatitis, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed. METHODS Through using subject word and random word, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for related records up to July 2018. The response rate and National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the flavonoids. The Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version was used to evaluate the quality of included studies. The model of determining odds ratio (OR) was chose according to the value of I2. RESULTS A total of 11 studies involving 975 subjects (experiment 516, control 459) were included. The overall OR of response rate was 0.31 (95%CI 0.11-0.89, P = 0.03). At the subgroup analysis, the OR of response rate of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) was 0.57 (95%CI 0.18-1.77, P = 0.33), while the OR of response rate of chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) was 0.08 (95%CI 0.02-0.33, P = 0.0005). The OR of response rate of CP/CPPS (control was placebo) was 0.29 (95%CI 0.16-0.52, P < 0.0001). The overall OR of baseline NIH-CPSI was -0.1 (95%CI -0.61-0.41, P = 0.70). The overall OR of posttreatment NIH-CPSI was -6.96 (95%CI -8.32∼ -5.60, P < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis indicates that the flavonoids may be clinically beneficial through significantly improving the response rate and NIH-CPSI in chronic prostatitis patients and short-lasting antibiotics therapy in association with the flavonoids could be a better choose for CBP. Moreover, the flavonoids therapy has an excellent safety profile with minor adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangdong Guan
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Yunhe Zheng
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, 230 Donggang Road West Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Wei
- Department of Outpatient, Department of Public Health, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan 250033, PR China
| | - Shue Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Benyu Su
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Sufang Yu
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, PR China.
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Chen X, Yang B, Huang W, Wang T, Li Y, Zhong Z, Yang L, Li S, Tian J. Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Elevated Capacity for Photosynthesis in Polyphenol Oxidase Expression-Silenced Clematis terniflora DC. Leaves. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3897. [PMID: 30563128 PMCID: PMC6321541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) catalyzes the o-hydroxylation of monophenols and oxidation of o-diphenols to quinones. Although the effects of PPO on plant physiology were recently proposed, little has been done to explore the inherent molecular mechanisms. To explore the in vivo physiological functions of PPO, a model with decreased PPO expression and enzymatic activity was constructed on Clematis terniflora DC. using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology. Proteomics was performed to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the model (VC) and empty vector-carrying plants (VV) untreated or exposed to high levels of UV-B and dark (HUV-B+D). Following integration, it was concluded that the DEPs mainly functioned in photosynthesis, glycolysis, and redox in the PPO silence plants. Mapman analysis showed that the DEPs were mainly involved in light reaction and Calvin cycle in photosynthesis. Further analysis illustrated that the expression level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, the content of chlorophyll, and the photosynthesis rate were increased in VC plants compared to VV plants pre- and post HUV-B+D. These results indicate that the silence of PPO elevated the plant photosynthesis by activating the glycolysis process, regulating Calvin cycle and providing ATP for energy metabolism. This study provides a prospective approach for increasing crop yield in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Bingxian Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Tantan Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Yaohan Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Zhuoheng Zhong
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- Zhuhai Weilan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519030, China.
| | - Shouxin Li
- Changshu Qiushi Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215500, China.
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Center for Traditional Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Noh Y, Cheon S, Kim IH, Kim I, Lee SA, Kim DH, Jeong Y. The protective effects of ethanolic extract of Clematis terniflora against corticosterone-induced neuronal damage via the AKT and ERK1/2 pathway. BMB Rep 2018. [PMID: 30037364 PMCID: PMC6130826 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.8.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress induces neuronal cell death, which can cause nervous system disorders including Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of Clematis terniflora extract (CTE) against corticosterone-induced apoptosis in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, and also investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. At concentrations of 300 and 500 μg/ml, CTE significantly decreased apoptotic cell death and mitochondrial damage induced by 200 μM corticosterone. CTE decreased the expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins GRP78, GADD153, and mitochondrial damage-related protein BAD, suggesting that it downregulates ER stress evoked by corticosterone. Furthermore, our results suggested that these protective effects were mediated by the upregulation of p-AKT and p-ERK1/2, which are involved in cell survival signaling. Collectively, our results indicate that CTE can lessen neural damage caused by chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoohun Noh
- Famenity Biomedical Research Center, Famenity, Inc., Gwacheon 13837, Korea
| | - Seungui Cheon
- Famenity Biomedical Research Center, Famenity, Inc., Gwacheon 13837; Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Nutraceuticals, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Famenity Biomedical Research Center, Famenity, Inc., Gwacheon 13837, Korea
| | - Inyong Kim
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Nutraceuticals, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Lee
- Natural Pharmaceutical R&D Center, Naturesense, Inc., Uiwang 16006, Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Natural Pharmaceutical R&D Center, Naturesense, Inc., Uiwang 16006, Korea
| | - Yoonhwa Jeong
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Nutraceuticals, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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Evaluation of the protective effect of pentoxifylline on carrageenan-induced chronic non-bacterial prostatitis in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:343-350. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang LL, Huang YH, Yan CY, Wei XD, Hou JQ, Pu JX, Lv JX. N-acetylcysteine Ameliorates Prostatitis via miR-141 Regulating Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling. Inflammation 2017; 39:938-47. [PMID: 26941030 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0327-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis was the most common type of prostatitis and oxidative stress was reported to be highly elevated in prostatitis patients. In this study, we determined the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on prostatitis and the molecular mechanism involved in it. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control group (group A, n = 20), carrageenan-induced chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP) model group (group B, n = 20), and carrageenan-induced CNP model group with NAC injection (group C, n = 20). Eye score, locomotion score, inflammatory cell count, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression, and Evans blue were compared in these three groups. The expression of miR-141 was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Moreover, protein expressions of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1) and nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its target genes were examined by Western blot. Luciferase reporter assay was performed in RWPE-1 cells transfected miR-141 mimic or inhibitor and the plasmid carrying 3'-UTR of Keap1. The value of eye score, locomotion score, inflammatory cell count, and Evans blue were significantly decreased in group C, as well as the expression of COX2, when comparing to that of group B. These results indicated that NAC relieved the carrageenan-induced CNP. Further, we found that NAC increased the expression of miR-141 and activated the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling. Luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-141 mimic could suppress the activity of Keap1 and stimulate the downstream target genes of Nrf2. In addition, miR-141 inhibitor could reduce the effect of NAC on prostatitis. NAC ameliorates the carrageenan-induced prostatitis and prostate inflammation pain through miR-141 regulating Keap1/Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Liang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Hua Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun-Yin Yan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xue-Dong Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian-Quan Hou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin-Xian Pu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin-Xing Lv
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188, Shizi St, Canglang District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.
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Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of leaves from Clematis terniflora DC. under high level of ultraviolet-B irradiation followed by dark treatment. J Proteomics 2017; 150:323-340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Yang B, Wang X, Gao C, Chen M, Guan Q, Tian J, Komatsu S. Proteomic and Metabolomic Analyses of Leaf from Clematis terniflora DC. Exposed to High-Level Ultraviolet-B Irradiation with Dark Treatment. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:2643-57. [PMID: 27323210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Clematis terniflora DC. has potential pharmaceutical value; on the contrary, high-level UV-B irradiation with dark treatment led to the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Metabolomic and proteomic analyses of leaf of C. terniflora were performed to investigate the systematic response mechanisms to high-level UV-B irradiation with dark treatment. Metabolites related to carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids and/or proteins related to stress, cell wall, and amino acid metabolism were gradually increased in response to high-level UV-B irradiation with dark treatment. On the basis of cluster analysis and mapping of proteins related to amino acid metabolism, the abundances of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase and cysteine synthase as well as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity were gradually increased in response to high-level UV-B irradiation with dark treatment. Furthermore, the abundance of dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase/glutamate dehydrogenase and the content of γ-aminobutyric acid were also increased following high-level UV-B irradiation with dark treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that high-level UV-B irradiation with dark treatment induces the activation of reactive oxygen species scavenging system and γ-aminobutyric acid shunt pathway in leaf of C. terniflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxian Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China.,National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-18, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
| | - Xin Wang
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-18, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
| | - Cuixia Gao
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Meng Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qijie Guan
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-18, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
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Liu XB, Yang BX, Zhang L, Lu YZ, Gong MH, Tian JK. An in vivo and in vitro assessment of the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and immunomodulatory activities of Clematis terniflora DC. extract, participation of aurantiamide acetate. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 169:287-294. [PMID: 25910534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Clematis terniflora DC. has been widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of tonsillitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and prostatitis. Despite its widespread use in China, there are currently no studies systematically examined its therapeutic effects and mechanism of action. As such, the present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and immunomodulatory effects of C. terniflora DC. using rodent and cellular models. METHODS The anti-inflammatory properties of the 70% ethanol eluted fraction of the 70% ethanol extract of C. terniflora DC. (EECTD) were evaluated using the xylene-induced ear swelling test, the carrageenan-induced edema model, and the cotton pellet granuloma method. Its antinociceptive activities were determined using both the acetic acid-induced writhing test and the hot plate assay. In parallel, we conducted an in vitro assay in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of EECTD and its purified form, aurantiamide acetate (AA) on inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release. RESULTS EECTD (300mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of writhing, extended the pain response latency, and suppressed xylene-induced ear swelling. Each EECTD treatment group also had significant inhibition of cotton granulation formation in addition to reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema. EECTD was also shown to alleviate signs of inflammation in histopathological paw sections. However, it had a less noticeable effect on mouse ear swelling in the delayed type hypersensitivity test. A purified compound was isolated from EECTD and its structure was identified as AA. In vitro experimental results showed that both EECTD and AA were able to significantly inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines NO and PGE2 on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that EECTD has significant anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, partially related to one of the active substances identified as AA. We hypothesize that these effects are related to its ability to inhibit the production of cytokines NO and PGE2. However, further work will be needed to determine its exact mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- X B Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China; Clinical Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Hunan Cancer Hospital/Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - B X Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - L Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Y Z Lu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - M H Gong
- Changshu Qiushi Technology Co. Ltd., Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - J K Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China.
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Yang Y, Zhang LH, Yang BX, Tian JK, Zhang L. Aurantiamide acetate suppresses the growth of malignant gliomas in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting autophagic flux. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1055-64. [PMID: 25704599 PMCID: PMC4420607 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We aim to investigate the effect of aurantiamide acetate isolated from the aerial parts of Clematis terniflora DC against gliomas. Human malignant glioma U87 and U251 cells were incubated with different concentrations (0-100 μM) of aurantiamide acetate. Aurantiamide acetate greatly decreased the cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It induced moderate mitochondrial fragmentation and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. No significant difference was found in the alternation of other intracellular organelles, although F-actin structure was slightly disturbed. Apparent ultrastructure alternation with increased autophagosome and autolysosome accumulation was observed in aurantiamide acetate-treated cells. The expression of LC3-II was greatly up-regulated in cells exposed to aurantiamide acetate (P < 0.05 compared with control). The cytoplasmic accumulation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes induced by aurantiamide acetate treatment was confirmed by fluorescent reporter protein labelling. Administration of chloroquine (CQ), which inhibits the fusion step of autophagosomes, further increased the accumulation of autophagosomes in the cytoplasm of U87 cells. Autophagy inhibition by 3-methyladenine, Bafilomycin A1 or CQ had no influence on aurantiamide acetate-induced cytotoxicity, whereas autophagy stimulator rapamycin significantly suppressed aurantiamide acetate-induced cell death. The anti-tumour effects of aurantiamide acetate were further evaluated in tumour-bearing nude mice. Intratumoural injection of aurantiamide acetate obviously suppressed tumour growth, and increased number of autophagic vacuoles was observed in tumour tissues of animals receiving aurantiamide acetate. Our findings suggest that aurantiamide acetate may suppress the growth of malignant gliomas by blocking autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Protective effects of grape seed-derived procyanidin extract against carrageenan-induced abacterial prostatitis in rats. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Li WT, Yang BX, Zhu W, Gong MH, Xu XD, Lu XH, Sun LL, Tian JK, Zhang L. A new indole alkaloidal glucoside from the aerial parts ofClematis ternifloraDC. Nat Prod Res 2013; 27:2333-7. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.838239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chen J, Song H, Ruan J, Lei Y. Prostatic protective nature of the flavonoid-rich fraction from Cyclosorus acuminatus on carrageenan-induced non-bacterial prostatitis in rat. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 52:491-497. [PMID: 24256126 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.846914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Context: Cyclosorus acuminatus (Houtt.) Nakai (Thelypteridaceae) is used in Chinese traditional medicine for inflammation and pyretic stranguria. Objective: This study investigates the prostatic protective potential of the flavonoid-rich [(2S)-5,7,5'-trihydroxyflavanone glycosides] fraction from C. acuminatus (FCA). Materials and methods: Chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (CNBP) was induced by injecting 20 μl of 1% carrageenan into the rat prostate. Subsequently, FCA (150 or 300 mg/kg/d) was orally given once a day for 4 weeks. Finally, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and the prostatic expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) were evaluated. Results: Treatment with 300 mg/kg/d FCA ameliorated the carrageenan-induced higher prostatic index (PI) state and proinflammatory cytokines levels (NFκB from 2602 ± 588 to 1348 ± 300 pg/ml, TNF-α from 151.6 ± 10.4 to 126.0 ± 3.52 pg/ml, IL-1β from 153.7 ± 14.8 to 63.9 ± 6.7 pg/ml, COX-2 from 313.3 ± 16.5 to 263.1 ± 15.1 pg/ml, PGE from 1532 ± 130 to 864 ± 126 pg/ml, NOS from 33.7 ± 3.0 to 23.6 ± 1.6 U/mg protein, and NO from 40.3 ± 2.9 to 27.1 ± 2.9 μmol/g protein) as well as regulated the prostatic expression of PPAR-γ (increased about 3.50-fold) when compared to the rat model of prostatitis. Discussion and conclusion: FCA could exert a prostatic protective response via modulating the prostatic expression of PPAR-γ and eventually alleviating the NFκB dependent inflammatory response.
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Yang X, Yuan L, Chen J, Xiong C, Ruan J. Multitargeted protective effect of Abacopteris penangiana against carrageenan-induced chronic prostatitis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 151:343-351. [PMID: 24211397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Abacopteris penangiana (Hook.) Ching (AP) is traditionally used in Chinese medicine to promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis and dampness and for the treatment of edema and inflammation. In order to further support and develop the traditional use of Abacopteris penangiana as Chinese folk medicine, the aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of the total flavanol glycosides (TFA) from AP and its acid hydrolysate (AHT) on chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (CNP) by measuring the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of AHT and TFA were investigated. Then the experimental chronic non-bacterial prostatitis was induced by carrageenan. The prostate index (PI) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) were determined. The activities of AHT and TFA on inhibiting free radicals and oxidative stress were investigated. Subsequently, the degree of chronic inflammatory cell infiltrates, acinar changes and interstitial fibrosis were evaluated by histopathological examination. In addition, the relative inflammatory factors, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PEG2), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were measured. Finally, the prostatic expression of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) was determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. RESULTS The whole results showed that AHT and TFA had strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In CNP model, AHT and TFA successfully decreased PI and PSA. The activities of antioxidant enzymes in AHT or TFA group were enhanced. Additionally, a morphometric analysis of the prostate gland of AHT or TFA treated rats demonstrated a significant reduction in chronic inflammatory cell infiltrates and interstitial fibrosis compared to model group. The reduced values of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, PEG2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) were observed both in AHT and TFA treated groups. Moreover, the levels of TGF-β1 and CTGF in AHT and TFA treated groups were significantly decreased along with the alleviation of the inflammatory state of the prostate gland. Besides, the prostatic expression of NF-κB was inhibited. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that AHT and TFA have anti-prostatitis properties via inhibiting oxidative stress, NF-κB dependent pro-inflammatory cytokines, fibrosis-related factors and antinociceptive activity. Hence, AP represents a potential herb for the treatment of prostatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation of Hubei Province, College of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Liuliu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation of Hubei Province, College of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jinglou Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chaomei Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tongji Medical Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jinlan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation of Hubei Province, College of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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Hao D, Gu X, Xiao P, Peng Y. Chemical and biological research of Clematis medicinal resources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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