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Huang B, Tang P, Liu Y, Liu F, Zheng Y, Yang X, Zhang X, Xie H, Lin L, Lin B, Lin B. Xuefu Zhuyu decoction alleviates deep vein thrombosis through inhibiting the activation of platelets and neutrophils via sirtuin 1/nuclear factor kappa-B pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118485. [PMID: 38908490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XZD), a renowned traditional Chinese medicine prescription, is widely employed for the management of conditions characterized by qi-stagnation and blood stasis. Although its anti-thrombotic effect on deep vein thrombosis (DVT) patients has been clinically observed, the underlying mechanism remains largely unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY Our aim was to investigate the mechanisms by which XZD exerted its effect on DVT. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) technique was employed to evaluate quality of XZD. To examine the effect of XZD on DVT, a DVT rat model with inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis was established. The 4D-label-free proteomics approach was then utilized to uncover the possible mechanisms of XZD against DVT. Based on proteomics, citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3), along with serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were observed the inhibitory activity of XZD on neutrophil activation. Subsequently, the marker of platelet activation, specifically glycoprotein IIb (CD41) and glycoprotein IIIa (CD61), were assessed along with the secretion of von Willebrand factor (vWF) to investigate the inhibitory activity of XZD on platelet activation. Finally, we explored the impact of XZD on the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway, which was associated with the activation of platelets and neutrophils. RESULTS Eight distinct components were identified for the quality control of XZD. XZD effectively reduced thrombus weight and length in DVT rats, without affecting the coagulation function or hematological parameters in the systemic circulation. Proteomics analysis revealed that XZD alleviated DVT by inhibiting the activation of platelets and neutrophils. The protein expression of CitH3, along with serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, were reduced in XZD-treated DVT rats. Similarly, protein expressions of CD41 and CD61, along with the release of vWF, were markedly down-regulated in XZD-treated DVT rats. Finally, treatment with XZD resulted in an up-regulation of SIRT1 protein expression and a down-regulation of both acetylated NF-κB/p65 and phosphorylated NF-κB/p65 protein expressions in endothelium. CONCLUSIONS XZD alleviates DVT by inhibiting the activation of platelets and neutrophils at the injured endothelium via the regulation of SIRT1/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boning Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Youchen Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangle Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuying Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinrong Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiubing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiyi Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Liuqing Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingqing Lin
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Baoqin Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China.
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Hao DL, Li JM, Xie R, Huo HR, Xiong XJ, Sui F, Wang PQ. The role of traditional herbal medicine for ischemic stroke: from bench to clinic-A critical review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154609. [PMID: 36610141 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of death and severe long-term disability worldwide. Over the past few decades, considerable progress has been made in anti-ischemic therapies. However, IS remains a tremendous challenge, with favourable clinical outcomes being generally difficult to achieve from candidate drugs in preclinical phase testing. Traditional herbal medicine (THM) has been used to treat stroke for over 2,000 years in China. In modern times, THM as an alternative and complementary therapy have been prescribed in other Asian countries and have gained increasing attention for their therapeutic effects. These millennia of clinical experience allow THM to be a promising avenue for improving clinical efficacy and accelerating drug discovery. PURPOSE To summarise the clinical evidence and potential mechanisms of THMs in IS. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted in seven electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the VIP Information Database, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and the Wanfang Database, from inception to 17 June 2022 to examine the efficacy and safety of THM for IS, and to investigate experimental studies regarding potential mechanisms. RESULTS THM is widely prescribed for IS alone or as adjuvant therapy. In clinical trials, THM is generally administered within 72 h of stroke onset and are continuously prescribed for over 3 months. Compared with Western medicine (WM), THM combined with routine WM can significantly improve neurological function defect scores, promote clinical total effective rate, and accelerate the recovery time of stroke with fewer adverse effects (AEs). These effects can be attributed to multiple mechanisms, mainly anti-inflammation, antioxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, brain blood barrier (BBB) modulation, inhibition of platelet activation and thrombus formation, and promotion of neurogenesis and angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS THM may be a promising candidate for IS management to guide clinical applications and as a reference for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Li Hao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jia-Meng Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ran Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hai-Ru Huo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xing-Jiang Xiong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng Sui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Peng-Qian Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Yi T, Gao P, Hou M, Lv H, Huang M, Gao S, He J, Yang D, Chen W, Zhu T, Yu C, Liu F, Yin H, Jin S. The mechanisms underlying the actions of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction pretreatment against neurological deficits after ischemic stroke in mice: The mediation of glymphatic function by aquaporin-4 and its anchoring proteins. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1053253. [PMID: 36582539 PMCID: PMC9792381 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1053253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) has been associated with an impairment in glymphatic function. Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XFZYD) is widely used in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke. We hypothesized that Xuefu Zhuyu decoction pretreatment could attenuate early neurological deficits after ischemic stroke by enhancing the function of the glymphatic system. To prove our hypothesis, we carried out temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion surgery on C57BL/6 mice and then measured neurological score, infarct size and performed hematoxylin-eosin staining to assess stroke outcomes after 24 h of reperfusion. Subsequently, we injected fluorescent tracers in to the cisterna magna and evaluated tracer distribution in coronal brain sections. The polarization of aquaporin-4 (AQP4), colocalization of aquaporin-4, α-dystroglycan, β-dystroglycan and agrin were determined by immunofluorescence. Our research showed that pretreatment with Xuefu Zhuyu decoction significantly alleviated neurological scores, neurological deficits and pathological abnormalities in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. Importantly, Xuefu Zhuyu decoction pretreatment enhanced cerebrospinal fluid influx, protected aquaporin-4 depolarization and promoted the colocalization of aquaporin-4 with its anchoring proteins in the brain. Our findings highlight novel mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effect of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction pretreatment on ischemic stroke-induced brain damage through the glymphatic system. Xuefu Zhuyu decoction pretreatment may offer a promising approach to slow the onset and progression of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yi
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Gao
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Hou
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinrong He
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongdong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiyin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianmin Zhu
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang Yu
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Yin
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Haiyan Yin, ; Shuoguo Jin,
| | - Shuoguo Jin
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Haiyan Yin, ; Shuoguo Jin,
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Ye Y, Zhu YT, Xin XY, Zhang JC, Zhang HL, Li D. Efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine for tPA thrombolysis in experimental stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154072. [PMID: 35349833 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the sole FDA approved thrombolytic drug for ischemic stroke. But delayed thrombolytic therapy with tPA may increase the risk of hemorrhagic transformation. Many Chinese herbal medicines have been used as tPA helpers to enhance the capacity of tPA and minimize the risk of hemorrhagic transformation. The efficacy of Chinese herbal medicines on tPA thrombolysis is not systematically analyzed. METHODS We searched the following three databases up to January 2022: Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Studies that reported the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicines on tPA thrombolysis in experimental stroke were included. The efficacy outcomes were neurological score and infarct volume, the safety outcomes were cerebral hemorrhage and blood brain barrier (BBB) damage. We used the checklist of CAMARADES to assess the quality of included studies. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess all the outcomes. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Trim and fill method and Egger's test were used to assess the potential publication bias. Sensitivity analyses were used to identify the stability of the results. RESULTS A total of nine studies including 11 Chinese herbal medicines fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were subsequently analyzed. The pooled data demonstrated that Chinese herbal medicines improved neurological score (2.23 SMD, 1.42-3.04), infarct volume (1.08 SMD, 0.62-1.54), attenuated cerebral hemorrhage (1.87 SMD, 1.34-2.4), and BBB dysfunction (1.9 SMD, 1.35-2.45) following tPA thrombolysis in experimental stroke. Subgroup analysis indicated that the route of drug delivery, dosage of tPA, and stroke model used may be factors inducing heterogeneity and influencing the efficacy. CONCLUSION Treatment with Chinese herbal medicines significantly improved neurological score and infarct volume, reduced cerebral hemorrhage and BBB damage after tPA thrombolysis. This study supports Chinese herbal medicine as an adjuvant therapy in reducing the side effects of tPA thrombolysis after acute ischemic stroke. The results should be interpreted with more caution since this article was based on animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Tian Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Yan Xin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Lin Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Xu A, Wen ZH, Su SX, Chen YP, Liu WC, Guo SQ, Li XF, Zhang X, Li R, Xu NB, Wang KX, Li WX, Guan DG, Duan CZ. Elucidating the Synergistic Effect of Multiple Chinese Herbal Prescriptions in the Treatment of Post-stroke Neurological Damage. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:784242. [PMID: 35355727 PMCID: PMC8959705 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.784242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used in the treatment of human diseases. However, the synergistic effects of multiple TCM prescriptions in the treatment of stroke have not been thoroughly studied. Objective of the study: This study aimed to reveal the mechanisms underlying the synergistic effects of these TCM prescriptions in stroke treatment and identify the active compounds. Methods: Herbs and compounds in the Di-Tan Decoction (DTD), Xue-Fu Zhu-Yu Decoction (XFZYD), and Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction (XXMD) were acquired from the TCMSP database. SEA, HitPick, and TargetNet web servers were used for target prediction. The compound-target (C-T) networks of three prescriptions were constructed and then filtered using the collaborative filtering algorithm. We combined KEGG enrichment analysis, molecular docking, and network analysis approaches to identify active compounds, followed by verification of these compounds with an oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) model. Results: The filtered DTD network contained 39 compounds and 534 targets, the filtered XFZYD network contained 40 compounds and 508 targets, and the filtered XXMD network contained 55 compounds and 599 targets. The filtered C-T networks retained approximately 80% of the biological functions of the original networks. Based on the enriched pathways, molecular docking, and network analysis results, we constructed a complex network containing 3 prescriptions, 14 botanical drugs, 26 compounds, 13 targets, and 5 pathways. By calculating the synergy score, we identified the top 5 candidate compounds. The experimental results showed that quercetin, baicalin, and ginsenoside Rg1 independently and synergistically increased cell viability. Conclusion: By integrating pharmacological and chemoinformatic approaches, our study provides a new method for identifying the effective synergistic compounds of TCM prescriptions. The filtered compounds and their synergistic effects on stroke require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Hua Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Xing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Peng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Chao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shen-Quan Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Feng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning-Bo Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Xin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Xing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dao-Gang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Li D, Long Y, Yu S, Shi A, Wan J, Wen J, Li X, Liu S, Zhang Y, Li N, Zheng C, Yang M, Shen L. Research Advances in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:832673. [PMID: 35173614 PMCID: PMC8841966 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.832673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are a serious threat to human health and account for 31% of global mortality. Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (CX) is derived from umbellifer plants. Its rhizome, leaves, and fibrous roots are similar in composition but have different contents. It has been used in Japanese, Korean, and other traditional medicine for over 2000 years. Currently, it is mostly cultivated and has high safety and low side effects. Due to the lack of a systematic summary of the efficacy of CX in the treatment of CVDs, this article describes the material basis, molecular mechanism, and clinical efficacy of CX, as well as its combined application in the treatment of CVDs, and has been summarized from the perspective of safety. In particular, the pharmacological effect of CX in the treatment of CVDs is highlighted from the point of view of its mechanism, and the complex mechanism network has been determined to improve the understanding of CX's multi-link and multi-target therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and endothelial cells. This article offers a new and modern perspective on the impact of CX on CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Songyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Wang G, Wang H, Lin Z, Hou L, Wang JY, Sun L. Simultaneous determination of 11 alkaloids in rat plasma by LC-ESI-MS/MS and a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of total alkaloids extracted from Naucleaofficinalis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114560. [PMID: 34454053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nauclea officinalis, a widely used Li medicine, has been used for the treatment of cold, fever, bronchitis, pneumonia, acute tonsillitis, and other ailments. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that the most abundant and active components in N. officinalis are alkaloids, which possess various biological properties such as antibacterial and antitumor activities. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the phytochemical profile of a selected group of alkaloids from the N. officinalis total alkaloids, and to determine the chemical profile of the alkaloids extracted from rat plasma. Further investigation was conducted to determine the pharmacokinetic behaviors of 11 selected major alkaloids, including pumiloside, naucleoxoside A, naucleoxoside B, nauclefine, angustidine, angustoline, (3S,19S)-3,14-dihydroangustoline,[α]D20: (-)191°, (3S,19R)-3,14-dihydroangustoline, [α]D20: (-) 294.7°, strictosamide, angustine, and 3,14-dihydroangustine. MATERIALS AND METHODS N. officinalis total alkaloids were extracted with 79% ethanol and enriched with AB-8 macroporous resin. The phytochemical profile of alkaloids from the N. officinalis total alkaloids and the chemical profile of the alkaloids extracted from rat plasma were first analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. A simple, convenient, and sensitive LC-ESI-MS/MS method was subsequently developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of major active alkaloids in rat plasma after oral administration of N. officinalis total alkaloids. After addition of an internal standard (verapamil), plasma samples were pretreated first by protein precipitation with methanol and then underwent liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Waters BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) at 30 °C, with gradient elution using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A) and acetonitrile (B), a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min, and a total run time of 30 min. The detection was performed using an electrospray ionization triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer with multiple reaction monitoring and positive ionization mode. RESULTS Based on the fragmentation patterns of 11 authentic alkaloids and previous reports, 55 alkaloids were identified or tentatively identified in the N. officinalis total alkaloids. Among them, 25 alkaloids were absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract in rats after administration of the N. officinalis total alkaloids. The 11 alkaloids were selected for quantitative analysis. The established quantitative method was fully validated and proved to be sensitive and specific. Satisfactory linearity of the 11 alkaloids obtained in the respective concentration ranges (r > 0.9931). The lower limits of quantification for strictosamide was 20.86 ng/ml, and the other ten alkaloids were all less than 4.47 ng/ml in rat plasma. The intra-and inter-day precision was less than 15% for all 11 alkaloids in terms of relative standard deviation, and the accuracies ranged from -11.4% to 11.1% in terms of relative error. Extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability were within the required limits in rat plasma. CONCLUSION The validated method was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of the 11 alkaloids in rat plasma after oral administration of N. officinalis total alkaloids. Eleven alkaloids were rapidly absorbed to achieve a maximum plasma concentration with Tmax from 0.25 h to 1.5 h after oral administration. The pharmacokinetic parameters and plasma concentration-time profiles will prove valuable in pre-clinical and clinical investigations on the disposition of N. officinalis total alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghou Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China
| | - Hongjin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China
| | - Ziwei Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China
| | - Lijuan Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China
| | - Jia Yue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China.
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Yu H, Chai X, Geng WC, Zhang L, Ding F, Guo DS, Wang Y. Facile and label-free fluorescence strategy for evaluating the influence of bioactive ingredients on FMO3 activity via supramolecular host-guest reporter pair. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 192:113488. [PMID: 34265522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Screening inhibitors of flavin monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) is very important for treating trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) derived thrombotic diseases. Herein, focusing on Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZYD) as a Chinese traditional medicine with antithrombotic efficacy, a facile and label-free fluorescence strategy was developed for evaluating the influence of the bioactive ingredients in XFZYD on FMO3 activity through indicator displacement assay. To this end, the optimized supramolecular host-guest (p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene-oxazine 1) reporter pair and FMO3 catalytic system were exploited to determine the influence of the bioactive compounds in XFZYD on the conversion from TMA to TMAO. From the nine compounds tested, naringin, paeoniflorin, β-ecdysterone, 18β-glycyrrhizic acid, amygdalin, albiflorin, and saikosaponin A downregulated FMO3 activity and reduced TMAO biosynthesis. Moreover, molecular docking was successfully applied to simulate the optimal conformation of a receptor-ligand complex between FMO3 and all tested compounds except for β-ecdysterone. Therefore, this approach provides a novel and promising strategy for screening FMO3 inhibitors from Chinese traditional medicine by supramolecular sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xin Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Wen-Chao Geng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Fei Ding
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yuefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Use of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Its Impact on Medical Cost among Urban Ischemic Stroke Inpatients in China: A National Cross-Sectional Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8554829. [PMID: 34745303 PMCID: PMC8570870 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8554829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long been widely adopted by the Chinese people and has been covered by China's basic medical insurance schemes to treat ischemic stroke. Previous research has mainly highlighted the therapy effect of TCM on ischemic stroke patients. Some studies have demonstrated that employing TCM can reduce the medical burden on other diseases. But no research has explored whether using TCM could reduce inpatient medical cost for ischemic stroke in mainland China. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the use of TCM on the total inpatient cost of ischemic stroke and to explore whether TCM has played the role of being complementary to, or an alternative for, conventional medicine to treat ischemic stroke. Methods We conducted a national cross-sectional analysis based on a 5% random sample from claims data of China Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) and Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI) schemes in 2015. Mann–Whitney test was used to compare unadjusted total inpatient cost, conventional medication cost, and nonpharmacy cost estimates. Ordinary least square regression analysis was performed to compare demographics-adjusted total inpatient cost and to examine the association between TCM cost and conventional medication cost. Results A total of 47321 urban inpatients diagnosed with ischemic stroke were identified in our study, with 92.6% (43843) of the patients using TCM in their inpatient treatment. Total inpatient cost for TCM users was significantly higher than TCM nonusers (USD 1217 versus USD 1036, P < 0.001). Conventional medication cost was significantly lower for TCM users (USD 335 versus USD 436, P < 0.001). The average cost of TCM per patient among TCM users was USD 289. Among TCM users, conventional medication costs were found to be positively associated with TCM cost after adjusting for confounding factors (Coef. = 0.144, P < 0.001). Conclusion Although the use of TCM reduced the cost of conventional medicine compared with TCM nonusers, TCM imposed an extra financial component on the total inpatient cost on TCM users. Our study suggests that TCM mainly played a complementary role to conventional medicine in ischemic stroke treatment in mainland China.
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He X, Duan X, Liu J, Sha X, Gong Y, Lu W, Li Z, Chen X, Li Y, Shen Z. The antiinflammatory effects of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction on C3H/HeJ mice with alopecia areata. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 81:153423. [PMID: 33310308 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a traditional and typical prescription of prominently activating blood circulation to remove blood stasis, Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XZD) consists of 15 kinds of herbal medicine. Clinical investigations have showed that XZD could significantly promote the new hair generation of alopecia areata (AA) patients characterized by Qi stagnation and blood stasis. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was executed to determine whether the mechanisms by which XZD stimulated newborn hair were related to its anti-inflammatory effects. METHODS Clinical AA individuals were recruited to confirm the efficies of XZD. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the contents of 15 compounds in XZD. Schrodinger molecular docking and in vivo surface plasmon resonance (SPR) techniques were used to evaluate the potential binding properties of compounds to target proteins. C3H/HeJ mice were randomly assigned to groups control, AA, and the XZD administration (6.5, 13.0 and 26.0 g/kg/d). Except for mice in control group, all the mice in the other groups were treated with a 21-day chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induced AA. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was performed to determine the degree of pathological damage to the skin. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and in serum and skin tissues. Western blot, immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to examine the expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and osteopontin proteins and genes in skin tissues. RESULTS XZD could visibly promote hair regeneration of AA patients. The potential active ingredients in XZD prescription included at least amygdalin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, kaempferide, ferulic acid, catalpol, verbascoside, β-ecdysone, platycodin D, paeoniflorin, naringin, neohesperidin, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D. The results of molecular docking and SPR analysis showed that verbascoside, liquiritin, kaempferide and amygdalin showed the best potential binding properties with IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and osteopontin, respectively. Pathological evaluation showed that compared with the CUMS group, the administration of XZD significantly promoted hair regeneration, evidenced by increased number of skin hair follicles in C3H/HeJ AA mice. Compared with control group, ELISA data showed that the levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in serum and skin tissues of CUMS induced AA mice were significantly increased, while XZD administration dramatically restrained the contents of the three pro-inflammatory factors. Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and qRT-PCR results further demonstrated that XZD administration notably down-regulated the protein and gene expression levels of osteopontin, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in comparation with CUMS group. CONCLUSION XZD could dramatically ameliorate CUMS-induced AA damage in the skin of C3H/HeJ mice, possibly by suppressing the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and osteopontin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun He
- Department of dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610071, China.
| | - Xiling Duan
- Department of dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610071, China
| | - Jingsong Liu
- Neurosurgery, Institute of Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaowei Sha
- Department of dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610071, China
| | - Yugang Gong
- Department of dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610071, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610071, China
| | - Zhiqing Li
- Department of dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610071, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Department of dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610071, China
| | - Yanqun Li
- Department of dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610071, China
| | - Zhu Shen
- Department of dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610071, China.
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Cheng YC, Lu CN, Hu WL, Hsu CY, Su YC, Hung YC. Decreased stroke risk with combined traditional Chinese and western medicine in patients with ischemic heart disease: A real-world evidence. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22654. [PMID: 33080705 PMCID: PMC7571976 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Both ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke are major causes of death worldwide. We investigated the effects of combined Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and western medicine (WM) on stroke risk in IHD patients.Taiwanese patients with IHD were enrolled in the TCM study during their outpatient visit. Stroke events after TCM or non-TCM treatment were examined. Chi-square tests and Student t-tests were used to examine differences between patients using and not using TCM. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). Sex, age, and comorbidities were included in a multivariable Cox model to estimate the adjusted HR (aHR). The survival probability and the probability free of stroke were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method.There were 733 IHD patients using TCM and 733 using non-TCM treatment, with the same proportion of sex and age within each cohort. Using single Chinese herb such as Dan Shen, San Qi, or Chuan Xiong would have lower stroke events and lower aHR than non-TCM in IHD patients. There was 0.3-fold lower stroke risk in IHD patients with combination TCM and non-TCM treatment (95% CI = 0.11-0.84, P = .02). Moreover, the survival rate was higher (P < .001) and the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke was significantly lower (P = .04) in IHD patients with TCM treatment.IHD patients using combined TCM and WM had a higher survival rate and lower risk of new onset stroke, especially hemorrhagic stroke than those who did not use TCM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Cheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Cheng-Nan Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Wen-Long Hu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine
- Fooyin University College of Nursing
- Kaohsiung Medical University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | - Chung Y. Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University
| | - Yuan-Chih Su
- Management Office for Health Data, Clinical Trial Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiang Hung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine
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Amirzargar N, Heidari-Soureshjani S, Yang Q, Abbaszadeh S, Khaksarian M. Neuroprotective Effects of Medicinal Plants in Cerebral Hypoxia and Anoxia: A Systematic Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2210315509666190820103658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Hypoxia and anoxia are dangerous and sometimes irreversible complications
in the central nervous system (CNS), which in some cases lead to death.
Objective:
The aim of this review was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of medicinal plants
in cerebral hypoxia and anoxia.
Methods:
The word hypox*, in combination with some herbal terms such as medicinal plant, phyto*
and herb*, was used to search for relevant publications indexed in the Institute for Scientific Information
(ISI) and PubMed from 2000-2019.
Results:
Certain medicinal plants and herbal derivatives can exert their protective effects in several
ways. The most important mechanisms are the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS),
production of NO, inhibition of both hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and tumor necrosis factor-alpha activation,
and reduction of extracellular glutamate, N-Methyl-D-aspartic and intracellular Ca (2+). In
addition, they have an antioxidant activity and can adjust the expression of genes related to oxidant
generation or antioxidant capacity. These plants can also inhibit lipid peroxidation, up-regulate superoxide
dismutase activity and inhibit the content of malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase.
Moreover, they also have protective effects against cytotoxicity through down-regulation of the proteins
that causes apoptosis, anti-excitatory activity, inhibition of apoptosis signaling pathway, reduction
of pro-apoptotic proteins, and endoplasmic reticulum stress that causes apoptosis during hypoxia,
increasing anti-apoptotic protein, inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase activation, decreasing
proteases activity and DNA fragmentation, and upregulation of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase.
Conclusion:
The results indicated that medicinal plants and their compounds mainly exert their neuroprotective
effects in hypoxia via regulating proteins that are related to antioxidant, anti-apoptosis
and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibeh Amirzargar
- Department of Neurology, Rofeydeh Rehabilitation Hospital, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Qian Yang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saber Abbaszadeh
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Khaksarian
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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13
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Zhou D, Liu J, Hang Y, Li T, Li P, Guo S, Liu T, Xia Z, Wang Y. TMT-based proteomics analysis reveals the protective effects of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112826. [PMID: 32298754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZYD) is a traditional Chinese herbal prescription. It is effective in treating traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to reveal the possible mechanisms of XFZYD in treating acute TBI through proteomics clues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Controlled Cortical Impact (CCI) rats were given gavage administration of XFZYD (9 g/kg/d) or distilled water (equal volume) for three days. The Modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS), brain water content, HE staining, Nissl staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to assess the effects of XFZYD for TBI treatment. Additionally, tandem mass tag-based (TMT) quantitative proteomics technology was applied to detect proteins of brain cortex. Bioinformatics analysis including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were used to analyze differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechanism of TCM (BATMAN-TCM) was conducted to anchor diseases and pathways. Besides, western blotting and immunofluorescence were exerted to verify related proteins. RESULTS XFZYD improved neurologic functions, reduced encephaledema and ameliorated cell morphology around the injured area in CCI rats. A total of 6099 proteins were identified with false discovery rate (FDR) < 1%. Overlapping DEPs (105 DEPs) were identified (295 DEPs and 804 DEPs in CCI/Sham or XFZYD/CCI group, respectively). Of these DEPs, 17 were regulated by XFZYD. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the 17 DEPs were predominantly related to platelet activation and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Next, PLG and CD34 were verified with molecular biotechnology. CONCLUSIONS XFZYD exerts therapeutic effects through multi-pathways regulation in the treatment of TBI. This work may provide proteomics clues for the continuation of research on TBI treatment with XFZYD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, PR China
| | - Jiamiao Liu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410013, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Hang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410013, Changsha, China
| | - Teng Li
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, PR China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shichao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Gerontology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, 830000, Urumqi, China
| | - Zian Xia
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, PR China.
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Fu C, Wu Q, Zhang Z, Xia Z, Liu Z, Lu H, Wang Y, Huang G. Development of a sensitive and rapid UHPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of nine compounds in rat plasma and application in a comparative pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction and nimodipine. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4872. [PMID: 32358897 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XFZYD) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription used for the clinical treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The purpose of this work was to develop a sensitive and rapid UHPLC-MS/MS method to simultaneously study the pharmacokinetics of nimodipine and eight components of XFZYD, namely, amygdalin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, rutin, liquiritin, narirutin, naringin, neohesperidin and saikosaponin A, in rats with and without TBI. Multiple reaction monitoring was highly selective in the detection of nine analytes and the internal standard without obvious interference. The calibration curves displayed good linearity (r > 0.99) over a wide concentration range. The mean absolute recoveries of the nine analytes were 85-106%, and all matrix effects were in the range 80-120%. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were acceptable (RSD, <15%; RE%, ±20%). The validated method was successfully applied to compare the pharmacokinetics in four experimental groups, including control rats orally administered XFZYD and TBI model rats orally administered XFZYD, XFZYD and nimodipine, or nimodipine alone. The results showed that herb-drug interactions occurred between XFZYD and nimodipine in the treatment of TBI, nimodipine affected the pharmacokinetics of XFZYD, and XFZYD affected the absorption, distribution and excretion of nimodipine in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zian Xia
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoying Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Gang Huang
- Guangzhou Analytical Application Center, Shimadzu Corporation, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Effects of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction on Cell Migration and Ocular Tumor Invasion in Drosophila. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/5463652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XFZYD), a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) decoction mainly for treating blood stasis syndrome, has been widely investigated and applied in clinic and in laboratory. XFZYD contains 11 herbs and has been identified to promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis for cardiovascular disease. Meanwhile, blood stasis is directly related to malignant tumor according to TCM basic theory. However, the effects of XFZYD on tumor metastasis and the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we employed well-establishedDrosophilacell migration and tumor invasion models to explore whether XFZYD has the anticancer activity on tumor metastasisin vivo. Our work has demonstrated that XFZYD could suppress cell migration and tumor invasion at the moderate concentrations. In addition, XFZYD altered the expression of MMP1,β-integrin, and E-cadherin to impede cell migration. Moreover, XFZYD inhibited ocular tumor invasion presumably by reducing the activity of Notch signaling. Together, these evidences reveal a positive role of XFZYD in suppressing cell migration and tumor metastasis, providing the potential drug targets and key clues for cancer clinical treatment strategies.
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Li Y, Sun J, Wu R, Bai J, Hou Y, Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Meng X. Mitochondrial MPTP: A Novel Target of Ethnomedicine for Stroke Treatment by Apoptosis Inhibition. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:352. [PMID: 32269527 PMCID: PMC7109312 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), across the inner and outer membranes of mitochondria, is a nonspecific channel for signal transduction or material transfer between mitochondrial matrix and cytoplasm such as maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis, regulation of oxidative stress signals, and protein translocation evoked by some of stimuli. Continuous MPTP opening has been proved to stimulate neuronal apoptosis in ischemic stroke. Meanwhile, inhibition of MPTP overopening-induced apoptosis has shown excellent efficacy in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Among of which, the potential molecular mechanisms of drug therapy for stroke has also been gradually revealed by researchers. The characteristics of multi-components or multi-targets for ethnic drugs also provide the possibility to treat stroke from the perspective of mitochondrial MPTP. The advantages mentioned above make it necessary for us to explore and clarify the new perspective of ethnic medicine in treating stroke and to determine the specific molecular mechanisms through advanced technologies as much as possible. In this review, we attempt to uncover the relationship between abnormal MPTP opening and neuronal apoptosis in ischemic stroke. We further summarized currently authorized drugs, ethnic medicine prescriptions, herbs, and identified monomer compounds for inhibition of MPTP overopening-induced ischemic neuron apoptosis. Finally, we strive to provide a new perspective and enlightenment for ethnic medicine in the prevention and treatment of stroke by inhibition of MPTP overopening-induced neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxin Li
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixia Wu
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinrong Bai
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Hou
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Cai Z, Chen Y. Efficacy of Tiaoqiheying decoction in the treatment of spasmodic pain and lipid metabolism after acute ischemic stroke. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060519894079. [PMID: 31948302 PMCID: PMC7114289 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519894079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Tiaoqiheying decoction in treating acute ischemic stroke. Methods This prospective randomized study enrolled 102 patients with ischemic stroke who were randomly assigned to the control (placebo), external (external Tiaoqiheying decoction), and external/internal groups (oral and external Tiaoqiheying decoction) groups. Cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Ashworth scale (AMS), visual analog scale (VAS), Barthel Index (BI), and Fugl–Meyer score (FMS) were determined before and after treatment. Results NIHSS scores were lower in the external/internal group than in the external and placebo groups. MAS and VAS scores for all patients were also lower after 4 weeks than before treatment, and they were significantly lower in the external/internal group versus the control group. CHO, TG, and LDL levels were significantly lower after 2 and 4 weeks, and their levels were lower in the external/internal group than in the other two groups. BI and FMS were higher in the external/internal group than in the other groups after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. Conclusion Tiaoqiheying decoction may improve spasmodic pain and lipid metabolism after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Cai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongren Hospital Affiliated with the Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongren Hospital Affiliated with the Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Hong M, Shi H, Wang N, Tan HY, Wang Q, Feng Y. Dual Effects of Chinese Herbal Medicines on Angiogenesis in Cancer and Ischemic Stroke Treatments: Role of HIF-1 Network. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:696. [PMID: 31297056 PMCID: PMC6606950 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)–induced angiogenesis has been involved in numerous pathological conditions, and it may be harmful or beneficial depending on the types of diseases. Exploration on angiogenesis has sparked hopes in providing novel therapeutic approaches on multiple diseases with high mortality rates, such as cancer and ischemic stroke. The HIF-1 pathway is considered to be a major regulator of angiogenesis. HIF-1 seems to be involved in the vascular formation process by synergistic correlations with other proangiogenic factors in cancer and cerebrovascular disease. The regulation of HIF-1–dependent angiogenesis is related to the modulation of HIF-1 bioactivity by regulating HIF-1α transcription or protein translation, HIF-1α DNA binding, HIF-1α and HIF-1α dimerization, and HIF-1 degradation. Traditional Chinese herbal medicines have a long history of clinical use in both cancer and stroke treatments in Asia. Growing evidence has demonstrated potential proangiogenic benefits of Chinese herbal medicines in ischemic stroke, whereas tumor angiogenesis could be inhibited by the active components in Chinese herbal medicines. The objective of this review is to provide comprehensive insight on the effects of Chinese herbal medicines on angiogenesis by regulating HIF-1 pathways in both cancer and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hong
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honglian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy with Risk of Total Hip Replacement in Patients with Nontraumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Population-Based Cohort Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5870179. [PMID: 30915147 PMCID: PMC6409016 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5870179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) contributes to 45% of total hip replacements (THRs) annually in Taiwan. Nontraumatic ONFH (NONFH) is multifactorial; no effective Western medicine is available to delay the disease process. This population-based cohort study investigated the association of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy with risk of THR in patients with NONFH. Methods This retrospective study was conducted using claims data from all insured residents covered by the National Health Insurance from 2000 to 2010. We enrolled 1,680 newly diagnosed ONFH patients who had not undergone THR, before or within 6 months after diagnosis of ONFH; these patients did not exhibit hip fracture or dislocation before the endpoint. In total, 595 propensity score-matched pairs were selected from among 1,028 TCM users and 652 non-TCM users. The association between TCM use and risk of THR was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazard model. Kaplan-Meier and log rank tests were performed to plot the cumulative incidence of THR. Results The mean follow-up periods were 5.00 years and 3.57 years for TCM and non-TCM cohorts, respectively. Compared to the non-TCM cohort, the TCM cohort had fewer patients undergoing THR surgery (25.4% vs. 18.2%, adjusted hazard ratio: 0.60, p<0.0001). The risk of reduction was noted in the group aged 30–59 years (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.56, p<0.0001), but there was no association with gender nor socioeconomic status. There was a significantly lower cumulative incidence of THR in TCM users (p<0.0001). Shu-Jing-Huo-Xue-Tang and Yan Hu Suo were the most frequently prescribed formula and single herb, respectively. Conclusions NONFH patients using TCM had a lower risk of THR; the risk of reduction was noted in the group aged 30–59 years but was not associated with gender nor socioeconomic status. TCM might be useful in conservative treatment for NONFH.
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Exploring Pharmacological Mechanisms of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury via a Network Pharmacology Approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8916938. [PMID: 30402137 PMCID: PMC6193325 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8916938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZYD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the underlying pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to explore the potential action mechanisms of XFZYD in the treatment of TBI and to elucidate the combination principle of this herbal formula. Methods A network pharmacology approach including ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) evaluation, target prediction, known therapeutic targets collection, network construction, and molecule docking was used in this study. Results A total of 119 bioactive ingredients from XFZYD were predicted to act on 47 TBI associated specific proteins which intervened in several crucial pathological processes including apoptosis, inflammation, antioxidant, and axon genesis. Almost each of the bioactive ingredients targeted more than one protein. The molecular docking simulation showed that 91 pairs of chemical components and candidate targets had strong binding efficiencies. The “Jun”, “Chen”, and “Zuo-Shi” herbs from XFZYD triggered their specific targets regulation, respectively. Conclusion Our work successfully illuminates the “multicompounds, multitargets” therapeutic action of XFZYD in the treatment of TBI by network pharmacology with molecule docking method. The present work may provide valuable evidence for further clinical application of XFZYD as therapeutic strategy for TBI treatment.
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He H, Chen G, Gao J, Liu Y, Zhang C, Liu C, Li H, He Q, Li J, Wang J. Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu capsule in the treatment of qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome: a study protocol for a randomised controlled pilot and feasibility trial. Trials 2018; 19:515. [PMID: 30241562 PMCID: PMC6151047 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2908-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome (QS&BSS) is one of the common Zhengs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which manifests as various symptoms and signs, such as distending pain or a tingling sensation in a fixed position. In recent years, a number of clinical trials have focused on the effectiveness and safety of XFZYC in patients with a QS&BSS subtype disease, such as coronary heart disease, hyperlipidaemia, ischaemic cerebrovascular disease, gastritis, dysmenorrhoea, or arthritis, in terms of the outcomes of relevant diseases. However, there is lack of evidence of the effects of XFZYC in patients with QS&BSS with different diseases, focusing on the outcomes of Zhengs. METHODS/DESIGN A randomised, controlled, pilot and feasibility trial will be employed in this study, using a 7-week study period. Participants will be recruited from Guang'anmen Hospital, Huguosi TCM Hospital, Wangjing Hospital in China. One hundred and twenty participants will be randomised to a treatment group (Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu Capsule (XFZYC)) and placebo group in a 1:1 ratio. Participants included in the study must be diagnosed with Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome criteria. The outcome measurements will include the traditional Chinese medicine patient-reported outcome (PRO) scale for QS&BSS, the single symptom and sign scale of QS&BSS, and the pain scale of QS&BSS. The clinical data management system ( http://www.tcmcec.net /) will be used to collect and manage the data. Quality control will be used, according to Good Clinical Practice (GCP). DISCUSSION Previous studies were expected to evaluate whether the addition of XFZYC to standard routine treatment would enhance the treatment effectiveness and improve the biomedical parameters pertaining to relevant disease. However, this trial is focused on the outcome of Zhengs, and we chose a range of outcome measurements to assess the improvement of relevant symptoms and signs. This trial is the first study designed to define and optimise the outcome measurements of Zhengs of XFZYC in the treatment of patients with QS&BSS. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03091634 . Registered on 12 August 2018. Release date 6 May 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqiang He
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053 China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053 China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Jialiang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Acupuncture, Huguosi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100035 China
| | - Chenhao Zhang
- EmergencyDepartment, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053 China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Hongzheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053 China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Qingyong He
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053 China
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Effect of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction Pretreatment on Myocardium in Sepsis Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:2939307. [PMID: 30271451 PMCID: PMC6151246 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2939307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XFZYD), the classical recipe for promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis, has been used in China for a long history clinically. XFZYD has been found to improve cardiac function through reducing inflammation. However, the effect of XFZYD on myocardial apoptosis remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the mechanism of XFZYD preconditioning on myocardial injury in sepsis rats. The rats were treated with XFZYD one week, followed with intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS: 10 mg/kg) to induce sepsis. Pretreatment with XFZYD could reverse the effects of LPS-induced decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) and increased heart rate (HR). XFZYD decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum or in heart. TUNEL staining revealed that the apoptotic index of XFZYD was significantly lower compared with the LPS group (P<0.05). Western blot results showed that the high doses of pretreatment XFZYD group can reduce the Bax expression of myocardial tissue in rats (P<0.05, P<0.01). The expression of Bcl-2 in XFZYD group was significantly higher than that in the LPS group (P<0.01), while the expression of caspase-3 in treatment group was significantly lower than that in the LPS group only after 12 h modeling (P<0.01). In addition, caspase-3 activity in rat cardiomyocytes of XFZYD-treated animals was significantly decreased. These findings suggest that pretreatment with XFZYD exerts a protective effect in the myocardium of septic rats by inhibiting myocardial cell apoptosis and antioxidation.
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Wen SH, Chang WC, Hong MK, Wu HC. Concurrent use of Chinese herbal medicine among hormone users and its association with ischemic stroke risk: A population-based study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 216:274-282. [PMID: 29366767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Previous studies had indicated that hormone therapy (HT) may increase the risk of ischemic stroke (IS) in menopausal women. However, little is known about the benefits and risks of use of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in conditions related to hormone use. The aim of this study is to explore the risk of IS in menopausal women treated with HT and CHM. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 32,441 menopausal women without surgical menopause aged 40-65 years were selected from 2003 to 2010 using the 2-million random samples of the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. According to the medication usage of HT and CHM, we divided the current and recent users into two groups: an HT use-only group (n = 4989) and an HT/CHM group (n = 9265). Propensity-score matching samples (4079 pairs) were further created to deal with confounding by indication. The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of IS were estimated by the robust Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS The incidence rate of IS in the HT/CHM group was significantly lower than in the HT group (4.5 vs. 12.8 per 1000 person-year, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis results indicated that additional CHM use had a lower risk of IS compared to the HT group (HR = 0.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21-0.43). Further subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses had similar findings. CONCLUSION We found that combined use of HT and CHM was associated with a lower risk of IS. Further study is needed to examine possible mechanism underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hui Wen
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chuan Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Mun-Kun Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chang Wu
- Division of Chinese Gynecology and Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Post-baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Feng D, Xia Z, Zhou J, Lu H, Zhang C, Fan R, Xiong X, Cui H, Gan P, Huang W, Peng W, He F, Wang Z, Wang Y, Tang T. Metabolomics reveals the effect of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction on plasma metabolism in rats with acute traumatic brain injury. Oncotarget 2017; 8:94692-94710. [PMID: 29212259 PMCID: PMC5706905 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XFZY), an important traditional Chinese herbal formula, has been reported effective on traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. However, its cerebral protection mechanism has not been clarified at the metabolic level. This work aims to explore the global metabolic characteristics of XFZY in rats during the acute phase of TBI on days 1 and 3. A plasma metabolomics method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with univariate analysis and multivariate statistical analysis was performed in three groups (Sham, Vehicle, XFZY). Then, a pathway analysis using MetaboAnalyst 3.0 was performed to illustrate the pathways of therapeutic action of XFZY in TBI. XFZY treatment attenuates neurological dysfunction and cortical lesion volume post-injury on day 3, and reverses the plasma metabolite abnormalities (glutamic acid, lactic acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, and ribitol, etc.). These differential metabolites are mainly involved in D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and inositol phosphate metabolism. Our study reveals potential biomarkers and metabolic networks of acute TBI and neuroprotection effects of XFZY, and shows this metabolomics approach with MetaboAnalyst would be a feasible way to systematically study therapeutic effects of XFZY on TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Feng
- Institute of Integrative Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zian Xia
- Institute of Integrative Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of Integrative Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Lu
- Research Center of Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Chunhu Zhang
- Institute of Integrative Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Rong Fan
- Institute of Integrative Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xingui Xiong
- Institute of Integrative Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hanjin Cui
- Institute of Integrative Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Gan
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Integrative Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, P.R. China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Integrative Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Tao Tang
- Institute of Integrative Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
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Yeh CW, Liu HK, Lin LC, Liou KT, Huang YC, Lin CH, Tzeng TT, Shie FS, Tsay HJ, Shiao YJ. Xuefu Zhuyu decoction ameliorates obesity, hepatic steatosis, neuroinflammation, amyloid deposition and cognition impairment in metabolically stressed APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 209:50-61. [PMID: 28743670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Metabolic syndrome and vascular dysfunction was suggested to be the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XZD) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat metabolic syndrome and cardiac-cerebral vascular disease. The effects of XZD on ameliorating metabolic syndrome, amyloid-related pathologies and cognitive impairment in an animal model of AD with metabolic stress was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHOD The animal model of AD with metabolic stress was created by administrating high-fat diet and a low-dose injection of streptozotocin prior to the appearance of senile plaques in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. The diabesity-associated metabolic changes and AD-related pathological alterations were examined. RESULTS We found that XZD reduced body weight, insulin and leptin level, HOMA-IR, hepatic triglyceride, serum Aβ42 in the metabolic stressed AD animal. XZD also ameliorated oral glucose tolerant, Aβ deposition, astrocyte and microglia activation in the vicinity of plaques, and nesting behavior in the metabolic stressed AD animal. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that XZD is able to reduce the peripheral metabolic stress-mediated vascular hypoperfusion, neuroinflammation and AD-related pathology in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wen Yeh
- Institute of Neuroscience, Brain Research Center, school of life science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155. Sec. 2, LiNung St., Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Hui-Kang Liu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 155-1. Sec. 2, LiNung St., Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China; Ph.D Program for the Clinical Drug Discovery from Botanical Herbs, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Lie-Chwen Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 155-1. Sec. 2, LiNung St., Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Kou-Tong Liou
- Department of Chinese Martial Arts and Graduate Institute of Sport Coaching Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Yung-Cheng Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Chien-Hung Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Brain Research Center, school of life science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155. Sec. 2, LiNung St., Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Tsai-Teng Tzeng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Feng-Shiun Shie
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, Natinal Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Huey-Jen Tsay
- Institute of Neuroscience, Brain Research Center, school of life science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155. Sec. 2, LiNung St., Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Young-Ji Shiao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 155-1. Sec. 2, LiNung St., Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Tan SQ, Geng X, Liu JH, Pan WHT, Wang LX, Liu HK, Hu L, Chao HM. Xue-fu-Zhu-Yu decoction protects rats against retinal ischemia by downregulation of HIF-1α and VEGF via inhibition of RBP2 and PKM2. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:365. [PMID: 28709426 PMCID: PMC5513111 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1857-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal ischemia-related eye diseases result in visual dysfunction. This study investigates the protective effects and mechanisms of Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu decoction (XFZYD) with respect to retinal ischemia. METHODS Retinal ischemia (I) was induced in Wistar rats by a high intraocular pressure (HIOP) of 120 mmHg for 1 h, which was followed by reperfusion of the ischemic eye; the fellow untreated eye acted as a control. Electroretinogram (ERG), biochemistry and histopathology investigations were performed. RESULTS Significant ischemic changes occurred after ischemia including decreased ERG b-wave ratios, less numerous retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), reduced inner retinal thickness, fewer choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) labeled amacrine cell bodies, increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity and increased vimentin Müller immunolabeling. These were accompanied by significant increases in the mRNA/protein concentrations of vascular endothelium growth factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, pyruvate kinase M2 and retinoblastoma-binding protein 2. The ischemic changes were concentration-dependently and significantly altered when XFZYD was given for seven consecutive days before or after retina ischemia, compared to vehicle. These alterations included enhanced ERG b-wave amplitudes, more numerous RGCs, enhanced inner retinal thickness, a greater number of ChAT immunolabeled amacrine cell bodies and decreased GFAP/vimentin immunoreactivity. Furthermore, decreased mRNA levels of VEGF, HIF-1α, PKM2, and RBP2 were also found. Reduced protein concentrations of VEGF, HIF-1α, PKM2, and RBP2 were also demonstrated. Furthermore, there was an inhibition of the ischemia-associated increased ratios (target protein/β-actin) in the protein levels of VEGF, HIF-1α, PKM2, and RBP2, which were induced by Shikonin, JIB-04 or Avastin. CONCLUSION XFZYD would seem to protect against well-known retinal ischemic changes via a synergistic inhibition of RBP2 and PKM2, as well as down-regulation of HIF-1α and a reduction in VEGF secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qiu Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taishan, Shandong China
| | - Xue Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Jorn-Hon Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wynn Hwai-Tzong Pan
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Xiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Hui-Kang Liu
- Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taishan, Shandong China
| | - Hsiao-Ming Chao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Shi X, Zhu H, Zhang Y, Zhou M, Tang D, Zhang H. XuefuZhuyu decoction protected cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by inhibiting autophagy. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017. [PMID: 28629357 PMCID: PMC5477241 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background XuefuZhuyu decoction (XFZY) is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases, such as unstable angina pectoris and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the mechanism by which XFZY contributes to the amelioration of cardiac injury remains unclear. Methods H9C2 cells were cultured under the hypoxic condition for 10 h and reoxygenated for 2 h. In the presence of various concentrations of XFZY for 12 h, the cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The protective effect of XFZY in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) cell model was confirmed by measuring the amount of LDH released into the extracellular fluid. Cell apoptosis was measured by western blotting. The autophagy level of H9C2 cells and the correlative pathway were determined by transmission electron microscopy, Cyto-ID® Autophagy Detection Kit, and western blotting. Results In this study, we investigated the effects of XFZY on H/R induced cardiac injury. The results showed that treatment with XFZY significantly inhibited autophagy induced by H/R, with decreased formation of autophagosomes as well as the expression of LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and Beclin 1 after H/R. Importantly, inhibition of autophagy by XFZY resulted in enhanced cell viability and decreased apoptosis. XFZY also inhibited the activation of AMPK and upregulated the phosphorylation of mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR). Conclusions The cardioprotective effects of XFZY during H/R were mediated by inhibiting autophagy via regulating AMPK-mTOR signaling pathways.
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Tang SQ, Chen YH, Chen XP, Zhang XD, Huang W. IN VIVO EFFECT OF GUIDING-HERB RADIX PLATYCODONIS AND RADIX CYATHULAE ON PAEONIFLORIN PHARMACOKINETICS OF XUEFU ZHUYU TANG IN RATS. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2017. [PMID: 28638892 PMCID: PMC5471477 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i4.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: Xuefu Zhuyu Tang (XFZYT), first recorded in Correction of Errors in Medical Works by Qing-ren Wang, has been proven reliable and effective for curing various diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and angina pectoris. It consists of 11 herbs and two of them, Radix platycodonis and Radix cyathulae, have been traditionally considered as guiding herbs and deeply valued by tens of millions of Chinese medicine practitioners. Do Radix platycodonis and Radix cyathulae affect the pharmacokinetics of the effective constituent-paeoniflorin of XFZYT? If yes, in what way? This study aims to answer these questions. Materials and Methods: The medicinal solutions of XFZYT, XFZYT without Radix platycodonis (XFZYT-JG), XFZYT without Radix cyathulae (XFZYT-NX), and XFZYT without Radix platycodonis and Radix cyathulae (XFZYT-JG-NX) were prepared and administrated to rats in the normal group and the blood-stasis model group by gavage, respectively. The blood samples of rats in the normal group were obtained 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 240 minutes after gavage; whereas the blood samples of rats in the blood-stasis model group were obtained 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 90, 150, and 240 minutes after gavage. Biological samples were processed; the assays of specificity, precision, linearity, intra-day and inter-day precisions, recovery and stability were conducted; high performance liquid chromatography was performed to detect paeoniflorin content; and DAS software was adopted to generate pharmacokinetic parameters. Mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and water (16:84), detection wavelength was 230 nm, and riboflavin was set as internal standard substance. Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters of the rats in the normal group after oral gavage of XFZYT, XFZYT-JG, XFZYT-NX, and XFZYT-JG-NX were Cmax = (0.363±0.248, 0.065±0.020, 0.099±0.033, 0.099±0.020) mg/L, Tmax = (0.276±0.084, 0.583±0.342, 0.555±0.228, 0.317±0.033)h, t1/2 = (0.501±0.241, 1.021±0.522, 0.853±0.377, 1.227±0.402) h; and AUC0-∞ = (0.381±0.415, 0.13±0.085, 0.166±0.066, 0.185±0.059) mg/L·h.; whereas the pharmacokinetic parameters for the rats in the blood-stasis model group after oral gavage of XFZYT, XFZYT-JG, XFZYT-NX, and XFZYT-JG-NX were Cmax = (0.315±0.153, 0.215±0.044, 0.228±0.056, 0.248±0.09) mg/L, Tmax = (0.5±0, 0.667±0.129, 0.5±0, 0.542±0.102) h, t1/2 = (0.408±0.146, 0.813±0.135, 0.708±0.383, 0.741±0.173) h, and AUC0-∞ = (0.306±0.157, 0.408±0.136, 0.368±0.159, 0.381±0.246) mg/L·h. Conclusion: The guiding herbs, Radix platycodonis and Radix cyathulae, significantly increased the absorption amount and rate of paeoniflorin in XFZYT, and accelerated its elimination from the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Qi Tang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Yun-Hui Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xi-Ping Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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Cardioprotective Effects of HuoxueAnshen Recipe against Myocardial Injuries Induced by Sleep Deprivation in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7359760. [PMID: 28479928 PMCID: PMC5396442 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7359760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background. Traditional Chinese Medicine is extensively used in China and HuoxueAnshen Recipe (HAR) was formulated according to its method in treating CHD accompanied with insomnia in clinic. However, there are few studies related to the effect of HAR on myocardial injury and sleep disorders. Purpose. To investigate the effects of HAR on sleep deprivation- (SD-) induced myocardial I/R injury. Methods. Male Wistar rats receiving a daily gavage of HAR or vehicle were exposed to SD intervention while control rats had normal sleep. Then all rats were exposed to myocardial I/R. Hormone, vascular endothelial, and inflammatory related factors were detected before and after I/R, while cardiac injury, cardiac function, myocardial infarct size, and apoptosis were detected after I/R. Results. Levels of neuropeptide Y, vascular endothelial and inflammatory related factors were significantly increased while melatonin was decreased in vehicle-treated SD rats but not in HAR-treated SD rats after SD. In addition, cardiac injury, cardiac dysfunction, myocardial infarct size, and myocardial apoptosis were deteriorated in vehicle-treated SD rats but were ameliorated in HAR-treated SD rats after I/R. Conclusion. HAR not only improved SD-induced hormone disorders, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, but also alleviated I/R injury, which supports protective usage in CHD and psychocardiology.
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Zhang Q, Yu H, Qi J, Tang D, Chen X, Wan JB, Li P, Hu H, Wang YT, Hu Y. Natural formulas and the nature of formulas: Exploring potential therapeutic targets based on traditional Chinese herbal formulas. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171628. [PMID: 28182702 PMCID: PMC5300118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
By comparing the target proteins (TPs) of classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbal formulas and modern drugs used for treating coronary artery disease (CAD), this study aimed to identify potential therapeutic TPs for treating CAD. Based on the theory of TCM, the Xuefu-Zhuyu decoction (XZD) and Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia decoction (GXBD), both of which are classic herbal formulas, were selected for treating CAD. Data on the chemical ingredients and corresponding TPs of the herbs in these two formulas and data on modern drugs approved for treating CAD and related TPs were retrieved from professional TCM and bioinformatics databases. Based on the associations between the drugs or ingredients and their TPs, the TP networks of XZD, GXBD, and modern drugs approved for treating CAD were constructed separately and then integrated to create a complex master network in which the vertices represent the TPs and the edges, the ingredients or drugs that are linked to the TPs. The reliability of this master network was validated through statistical tests. The common TPs of the two herbal formulas have a higher possibility of being targeted by modern drugs in comparison with the formula-specific TPs. A total of 114 common XZD and GXBD TPs that are not yet the target of modern drugs used for treating CAD should be experimentally investigated as potential therapeutic targets for treating CAD. Among these TPs, the top 10 are NOS3, PTPN1, GABRA1, PRKACA, CDK2, MAOB, ESR1, ADH1C, ADH1B, and AKR1B1. The results of this study provide a valuable reference for further experimental investigations of therapeutic targets for CAD. The established method shows promise for searching for potential therapeutic TPs based on herbal formulas. It is crucial for this work to select beneficial therapeutic targets of TCM, typical TCM syndromes, and corresponding classic formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, the People’s Republic of China
- Pharmacy School, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Qi
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Daisheng Tang
- Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, the People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Hung YC, Cheng YC, Muo CH, Chiu HE, Liu CT, Hu WL. Adjuvant Chinese Herbal Products for Preventing Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159333. [PMID: 27428543 PMCID: PMC4948896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chinese herbal products (CHPs) are widely used for atrial fibrillation (AF) in Taiwan. We investigated the effect of adjuvant CHPs in preventing ischemic stroke in patients with AF. METHODS Taiwanese patients in the Health Insurance Database newly diagnosed with AF during 2000-2011 were enrolled. Medication treatment with/without CHPs was administered within 7 days after the AF diagnosis. The clinical endpoint was an ischemic stroke. The Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Student t test were used to examine differences between the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and non-TCM cohorts. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess the risk for ischemic stroke between two cohorts. RESULTS Three hundred and eleven patients underwent TCM treatment and 1715 patients did not. Compared to non-TCM users, TCM users had a lower incidence of stroke (12.59% vs. 1.93%, respectively) and lower risk of stroke [CHA2DS2-VASc score = 0-2 (hazard ratio = 0.20; 95% confidence interval = 0.06-0.65)]. Compared to non-TCM users, the stroke risk was significantly lower in TCM users with AF who were female or younger than 65 years, but not in males, people more than 65 years old, or people with comorbidities. Compared to TCM users, non-TCM users who received conventional treatment had a higher ischemic stroke risk. The risk for AF-related hospitalization was significantly lower in TCM users (0.64%) than in non-TCM users (38.1%). CONCLUSIONS Users of TCM with AF have a lower risk of new-onset ischemic stroke. Therefore, adjuvant CHP therapy may have a protective effect and may be used in AF patients to prevent ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chiang Hung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YCH); (WLH)
| | - Yu-Chen Cheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Muo
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsienhsueh Elley Chiu
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Long Hu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Kaohsiung Medical University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Fooyin University College of Nursing, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YCH); (WLH)
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Park S, Kim JW, Kim JH, Lim CW, Kim B. Differential Roles of Angiogenesis in the Induction of Fibrogenesis and the Resolution of Fibrosis in Liver. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 38:980-5. [PMID: 26133707 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a wound healing process that includes inflammation, deposition of extracellular matrix molecules, and pathological neovascularization. Angiogenesis, which is defined by the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, is a complex and dynamic process under both physiological and pathological conditions. Although whether angiogenesis can induce or occur in parallel with the progression of hepatic fibrosis has not yet been determined, intrahepatic sinusoidal formation and remodeling are key features of liver fibrosis. Some recent evidence has suggested that experimental inhibition of angiogenesis ameliorates the development of liver fibrosis, while other recent studies indicate that neutralization or genetic ablation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in myeloid cells can delay tissue repair and fibrosis resolution in damaged liver. In this review, we briefly summarize the current knowledge about the differential roles of angiogenesis in the induction of fibrogenesis and the resolution of fibrosis in damaged livers. Possible strategies for the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surim Park
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine
(BK21 Plus Program), Chonbuk National University
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Zhang G, Yang G, Deng Y, Zhao X, Yang Y, Rao J, Wang W, Liu X, He J, Lv L. Ameliorative effects of Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu decoction, Tian-Ma-Gou-Teng-Yin and Wen-Dan decoction on myocardial fibrosis in a hypertensive rat mode. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:56. [PMID: 26852136 PMCID: PMC4744408 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu decoction (XFZYD), Tian-Ma-Gou-Teng-Yin (TMGTY) and Wen-Dan decoction (WDD) are Chinese herbal formulas used to treat hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The goal of our study is to determine if XFZYD, TMGTY or WDD treatment ameliorated myocardial fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and to identify the mechanisms underlying any beneficial effects observed during the courses of the investigation. Methods Forty-five 12-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats and five age-matched male Wistar-Kyoto control rats were studied for 16 weeks. Each day 6 g∙kg−1 or 12 g∙kg−1 of XFZYD, TMGTY or WDD was orally administered at the indicated dose, and the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of all rats was measured using the tail-cuff method. Collagen levels were measured via hydroxyproline content assays and histological examination. Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) protein levels were determined via immunhistochemical and Western blot analysis. TGF-β1 mRNA levels were assessed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results Systolic blood pressure was unaffected, but collagen and TGF-β1 levels in SHRs treated with captopril and XFZYD (12 g∙kg−1) were significantly reduced when compared with untreated control SHRs. Administration of 12 g∙kg−1 XFZYD increased myocardial cell protection and decreased TGF-β1 mRNA and protein expression when compared with the other SHR treatment groups. Conclusions XFZYD treatment demonstrated a superior ability to reverse myocardial fibrosis when compared with WDD or TMGTY treatment in SHRs. XFZYD also decreased TGF-β1 mRNA and protein expression, suggesting that the TGF-β1 signaling pathway plays a role in the therapeutic effects of XFZYD treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1030-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Zhang L, Jiang Z, Yang J, Li Y, Wang Y, Chai X. Chemical material basis study of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 23:811-820. [PMID: 28911499 PMCID: PMC9345449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Xuefu Zhuyu decoction, a classic prescription in traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In order to profile the chemical material basis of this formula, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q/TOF MS) method has been established for rapid separation and structural characterization of compounds in the decoction. As a result, 103 compounds including phenolic acids, spermidines, C-glycosyl quinochalcones, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, and others were detected; 35 of them were unambiguously identified, and 68 were tentatively characterized by comparing the retention time, MS data, characteristic MS fragmentation pattern and retrieving the literature. In conclusion, the UPLC coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method developed in this work is an efficient approach to perform chemical material basis studies of traditional Chinese medicine formulae.
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Hung IL, Hung YC, Wang LY, Hsu SF, Chen HJ, Tseng YJ, Kuo CE, Hu WL, Li TC. Chinese Herbal Products for Ischemic Stroke. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:1365-79. [PMID: 26477801 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese herbal products (CHPs) have been described in ancient medicine systems as treatments for various stroke-associated ailments. This study is aimed to investigate the prescription patterns and combinations of CHPs for ischemic stroke in Taiwan. Prescriptions of CHPs for ischemic stroke were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. Every prescription with a leading diagnosis of ischemic stroke made during 2000-2010 was analyzed. Descriptive statistics were applied to the pattern of co-prescriptions. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess demographic and risk factors that are correlated with CHP use. The dataset of inpatient claims data contained information on 15,896 subjects who experienced ischemic stroke from 2000 to 2010. There was an average of 5.82 CHPs in a single prescription for subjects with ischemic stroke. Bu-yang-huan-wu-tang (BYHWT) (40.32%) was by far the most frequently prescribed formula CHP for ischemic stroke, and the most commonly used combination of two-formula-CHP was BYHWT with Shu-jin-huo-xue-tang (SJHXT) (4.40%). Dan Shen (16.50%) was the most commonly used single CHP for ischemic stroke, and the most commonly used combination of two single CHPs was Shi Chang Pua with Yuan Zhi (4.79%). We found that BYHWT and Dan Shen were the most frequently prescribed formula and single CHP for ischemic stroke, respectively. These results provide information about individualized therapy and may contribute to further pharmacologic experiments and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ling Hung
- * Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiang Hung
- * Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,‡ School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Yi Wang
- † Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Hsu
- § Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taipei Branch, Taiwan.,¶ Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ju Chen
- ∥ Management Office for Health Data, College of Public Health, China Medical University,Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jung Tseng
- * Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-En Kuo
- * Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Long Hu
- * Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,†† Kaohsiung Medical University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,‡‡ Fooyin University College of Nursing, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- ** Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,§§ Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Health Science, Asia University Taichung, Taiwan
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Shen YC, Lu CK, Liou KT, Hou YC, Lin YL, Wang YH, Sun HJ, Liao KH, Wang HW. Common and unique mechanisms of Chinese herbal remedies on ischemic stroke mice revealed by transcriptome analyses. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 173:370-382. [PMID: 26239152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Four traditional Chinese herbal remedies (CHR) including Buyang Huanwu decoction (BHD), Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XZD), Tianma Gouteng decoction (TGD) and Shengyu decoction (SYD) are popular used in treating brain-related dysfunction clinically with different syndrome/pattern based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principles, yet their neuroprotective mechanisms are still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were subjected to an acute ischemic stroke to examine the efficacy and molecular mechanisms of action underlying these CHR. RESULTS CHR treatment significantly enhanced the survival rate of stroke mice, with BHD being the most effective CHR. All CHR were superior to recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) treatment in successfully ameliorating brain function, infarction, and neurological deficits in stroke mice that also paralleled to improvements in blood-brain barrier damage, inflammation, apoptosis, and neurogenesis. Transcriptome analyses reveals that a total of 774 ischemia-induced probe sets were significantly modulated by four CHR, including 52 commonly upregulated genes and 54 commonly downregulated ones. Among them, activation of neurogenesis-associated signaling pathways and down-regulating inflammation and apoptosis pathways are key common mechanisms in ischemic stroke protection by all CHR. Besides, levels of plasma CX3CL1 and S100a9 in patients could be used as biomarkers for therapeutic evaluation before functional recovery could be observed. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that using CHR, a combinatory cocktail therapy, is a better way than rt-PA for treating cerebral ischemic-associated diseases through modulating a common as well as a specific group of genes/pathways that may partially explain the syndrome differentiation and treatment principle in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Chiang Shen
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science, , Taipei,Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tong Liou
- Department of Chinese Martial Arts and Graduate Institute of Sport Coaching Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Hou
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Tao-yuan General Hospital, Department of Health, Tao-yuan, Taiwan; Department of Bioscience Technology, Chuan‑yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Lan Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yea-Hwey Wang
- Division of Neurovascular Disease, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science, , Taipei,Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Jen Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Hsun Liao
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsei-Wei Wang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cancer Research Center and Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Departments of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Antrodia camphorata Potentiates Neuroprotection against Cerebral Ischemia in Rats via Downregulation of iNOS/HO-1/Bax and Activated Caspase-3 and Inhibition of Hydroxyl Radical Formation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:232789. [PMID: 26379739 PMCID: PMC4561866 DOI: 10.1155/2015/232789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antrodia camphorata (A. camphorata) is a fungus generally used in Chinese folk medicine for treatment of viral hepatitis and cancer. Our previous study found A. camphorata has neuroprotective properties and could reduce stroke injury in cerebral ischemia animal models. In this study, we sought to investigate the molecular mechanisms of neuroprotective effects of A. camphorata in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats. A selective occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) with whole blood clots was used to induce ischemic stroke in rats and they were orally treated with A. camphorata (0.25 and 0.75 g/kg/day) alone or combined with aspirin (5 mg/kg/day). To provide insight into the functions of A. camphorata mediated neuroprotection, the expression of Bax, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and activated caspase-3 was determined by Western blot assay. Treatment of aspirin alone significantly reduced the expressions of HO-1 (P < 0.001), iNOS (P < 0.001), and Bax (P < 0.01) in ischemic regions. The reduction of these expressions was more potentiated when rats treated by aspirin combined with A. camphorata (0.75 g/kg/day). Combination treatment also reduced apoptosis as measured by a significant reduction in active caspase-3 expression in the ischemic brain compared to MCAO group (P < 0.01). Moreover, treatment of A. camphorata significantly (P < 0.05) reduced fenton reaction-induced hydroxyl radical (OH•) formation at a dose of 40 mg/mL. Taken together, A. camphorata has shown neuroprotective effects in embolic rats, and the molecular mechanisms may correlate with the downregulation of Bax, iNOS, HO-1, and activated caspase-3 and the inhibition of OH• signals.
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Simultaneous determination of four phenolic acids and seven alkaloids in rat plasma after oral administration of traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Jinqi Jiangtang Tablet by LC-ESI-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 117:1-10. [PMID: 26340557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and selective high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of four phenolic acids (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid and ferulic acid) and seven alkaloids (berberine, epiberberine, coptisine, magnoflorine, berberubine, palmatine and jatrorrhizine) in rat plasma. After mixing with the internal standards tetrahydropalmatine (IS1) and rosmarinic acid (IS2), plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation using acetonitrile. The HPLC analysis was performed on an Agilent Eclipse plus C18 (4.6 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) column with mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.3 mL min(-1). The detection was accomplished for the analytes and internal standards using positive electrospray ionization for the alkaloids and negative electrospray ionization for the phenolic acids in multiple-reaction monitoring mode. The method showed a good linearity over a wide concentration range (r(2)>0.99). The lower limit of quantification of seven alkaloids was lower than 2 ng mL(-1) and that of four phenolic acids was less than 20 ng mL(-1). The developed method was applied to the pharmacokinetic study of 11 components after oral administration of traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Jinqi Jiangtang Tablet in rats.
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Chu SM, Shih WT, Yang YH, Chen PC, Chu YH. Use of traditional Chinese medicine in patients with hyperlipidemia: A population-based study in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 168:129-135. [PMID: 25828254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chinese herbal products (CHPs) are commonly used in patients with hyperlipidemia in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Because hyperlipidemia and related disease are common issues worldwide, this study analyzed the prescription patterns and frequencies of CHPs for treating patients with hyperlipidemia in Taiwan. BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has become popular as a therapy for controlling symptoms in patients with hyperlipidemia. This study aimed to analyze the prescription patterns of TCM for patients with hyperlipidemia in Taiwan. METHODS The study population was recruited from a random-sampled cohort of 1,000,000 people from the National Health Insurance Research Database between 2003 and 2009. We identified 30,784 outpatient visits related with hyperlipidemia diagnosis and collected these medical records. Association rules of data mining were conducted to explore the co-prescription patterns for Chinese herbal products (CHPs). RESULTS The most commonly prescribed herbal formula for hyperlipidemia treatment was Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu-Tang (16.1%), and Shan Zha (Crataegi fructus; 25.0%) was the most commonly prescribed single herb. The most commonly prescribed combination of an herbal formula and a single herb was Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu-Tang and Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae), and the most commonly prescribed combination of couplet herbs was Dan Shen and Shan Zha. CONCLUSION Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu-Tang is the most frequently prescribed formula and is typically prescribed with Shan Zha, Dan Shen, and He Shou Wu for patients with hyperlipidemia. Clinical trials are warranted in future research to investigate the effects of the CHPs in terms of safety and efficacy and in particular to evaluate potential interactions with conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Meng Chu
- Department for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tai Shih
- Department for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan; Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan; Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei 10055, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for Chang Gung Research Datalink, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei 10055, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei 10055, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Chu
- Department for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan.
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Sun S, Xie ZS, Liu EH, Yan YT, Xu XJ, Li P. Chemical profiling of Jinqi Jiangtang tablets by HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 12:229-40. [PMID: 24702812 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To profile the chemical constituents in Jinqi Jiangtang tablets. METHOD Based on the chromatographic retention behavior, fragmentation patterns of chemical components, and published literatures, a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS) method was established to characterize and identify components in Jinqi Jiangtang tablets. RESULTS A total of 52 chemical compounds, including eight iridoid glycosides, seven phenolic acids, twelve alkaloids, six flavonoids, and nineteen saponins, were identified in Jinqi Jiangtang tablets. CONCLUSION The established method could serve as a powerful tool for structural characterization and quality control of this Chinese herbal preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhi-Shen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - E-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu-Ting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Extract of Antrodia camphorata exerts neuroprotection against embolic stroke in rats without causing the risk of hemorrhagic incidence. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:686109. [PMID: 25140341 PMCID: PMC4130302 DOI: 10.1155/2014/686109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the neuroprotective effect of an extract of Antrodia camphorata (A. camphorata), a fungus commonly used in Chinese folk medicine for treatment of viral hepatitis and cancer, alone or in combination with aspirin was investigated in a rat embolic stroke model. An ischemic stroke was induced in rats by a selective occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) with whole blood clots and then orally treated with A. camphorata (0.25 and 0.75 g/kg/day) alone and combined with aspirin (5 mg/kg/day). Sixty days later, the brains were removed, sectioned, and stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride and analysed by a commercial image processing software program. Brain infarct volume, neurobehavioral score, cerebral blood perfusion, and subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage incidence were perceived. In addition, potential bleeding side effect of the combinative therapy was assessed by measuring hemoglobin (Hb) content during intracerebral hemorrhage and gastric bleeding, prothrombin time (PT), and occlusion time (OT) after oral administration. Posttreatment with high dose A. camphorata significantly reduced infarct volume and improved neurobehavioral score (P < 0.05). Since A. camphorata alone or with aspirin did not alter the Hb level, this treatment is safe and does not cause hemorrhagic incident. Remarkably, the combination of A. camphorata and aspirin did not show a significant effect on the bleeding time, PT and OT increase suggesting that A. camphorata may have the neuroprotective effect without the prolongation of bleeding time or coagulation time. From these observations, we suggest that combinative therapy of A. camphorata and aspirin might offer enhanced neuroprotective efficacies without increasing side effects.
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A review on the traditional Chinese medicinal herbs and formulae with hypolipidemic effect. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:925302. [PMID: 25110708 PMCID: PMC4109135 DOI: 10.1155/2014/925302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, characterized by the abnormal blood lipid profiles, is one of the dominant factors of many chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). For the low cost, effectiveness, and fewer side effects, the popularity of using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to handle hyperlipidemia is increasing and its role in health care has been recognized by the public at large. Despite the importance of TCM herbs and formulations, there is no comprehensive review summarizing their scientific findings on handling hyperlipidemia. This review summarizes the recent experimental and clinical results of nine representative single Chinese herbs and seven classic TCM formulae that could improve lipid profiles so as to help understand and compare their underlying mechanisms. Most of single herbs and formulae demonstrated the improvement of hyperlipidemic conditions with multiple and diverse mechanisms of actions similar to conventional Western drugs in spite of their mild side effects. Due to increasing popularity of TCM, more extensive, well-designed preclinical and clinical trials on the potential synergistic and adverse side effects of herb-drug interactions as well as their mechanisms are warranted. Hyperlipidemic patients should be warned about the potential risks of herb-drug interactions, particularly those taking anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs.
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Zhou YN, Sun MY, Mu YP, Yang T, Ning BB, Ren S, Chen JM, Liu P. Xuefuzhuyu decoction inhibition of angiogenesis attenuates liver fibrosis induced by CCl₄ in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:659-666. [PMID: 24637190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xuefuzhuyu decoction (XFZY) is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal formulation composed of 11 herbs. It is an effective treatment for cardiovascular and chronic liver diseases. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of XFZY on angiogensis in hepatic fibrogenesis, and identify the possible mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS Liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) in C57BL/6 mice for 6 weeks. From week 4 to week 6, the CCl₄-injected mice were randomly divided into three groups, followed by oral administration of Sorafenib, XFZY and water for 3 weeks. Biochemical parameters, hydroxyproline (Hyp) content and histological changes of the liver were determined. The expressions of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, CD31 and vascular endothelial grow factor (VEGF) were assessed by immunohistochemistry and western blot. The protein expressions of VEGFR-2, hypoxia inducing factor (HIF)-1α, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and dimethylarginine hydrolase (DDAH) 1 were determined by western blot. The mRNA levels of α-SMA, VEGF and HIF-1α were measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS Both Sorafenib and XFZY improved biochemical parameters of the liver fibrosis mice. A significant reduction in Hyp content was found in the XFZY-treated mice as well as the Sorafenib-treated mice. Changes in histopathology showed that Sorafenib and XFZY decreased inflammatory and fibrotic stages of the liver in fibrosis mice. Compared to CCl4 model group, Sorafenib and XFZY decreased α-SMA, collagen I, CD31, VEGF, VEGFR-2, HIF-1α and ADMA, and increased the expression of DDAH1. CONCLUSION XFZY inhibits liver fibrosis not only through inhibiting collagen deposition but also through an antiangiogenic effect on the fibrotic liver. Moreover, the antiangiogenic mechanism of XFZY involves alleviating hypoxia and protecting liver sinusoidal endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ning Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming-Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yong-Ping Mu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing-Bing Ning
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia-Mei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Shanghai 201203, China.
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PI3K/Akt Pathway Contributes to Neurovascular Unit Protection of Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction against Focal Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:459467. [PMID: 23781261 PMCID: PMC3678438 DOI: 10.1155/2013/459467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we used a focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion rat model to investigate the protective effects of Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction (XXMD) on neurovascular unit and to examine the role of PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/Akt pathway in this protection. The cerebral ischemia was induced by 90 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Cerebral infarct area was measured by tetrazolium staining, and neurological function was observed at 24 h after reperfusion. DNA fragmentation assay, combined with immunofluorescence, was performed to evaluate apoptosis of neuron, astrocyte, and vascular endothelial cell which constitute neurovascular unit. The expression levels of proteins involved in PI3K/Akt pathway were detected by Western blot. The results showed that XXMD improved neurological function, decreased cerebral infarct area and neuronal damage, and attenuated cellular apoptosis in neurovascular unit, while these effects were abolished by inhibition of PI3K/Akt with LY294002. We also found that XXMD upregulated p-PDKl, p-Akt, and p-GSK3 β expression levels, which were partly reversed by LY294002. In addition, the increases of p-PTEN and p-c-Raf expression levels on which LY294002 had no effect were also observed in response to XXMD treatment. The data indicated the protective effects of XXMD on neurovascular unit partly through the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Ström JO, Ingberg E, Theodorsson A, Theodorsson E. Method parameters' impact on mortality and variability in rat stroke experiments: a meta-analysis. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:41. [PMID: 23548160 PMCID: PMC3637133 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Even though more than 600 stroke treatments have been shown effective in preclinical studies, clinically proven treatment alternatives for cerebral infarction remain scarce. Amongst the reasons for the discrepancy may be methodological shortcomings, such as high mortality and outcome variability, in the preclinical studies. A common approach in animal stroke experiments is that A) focal cerebral ischemia is inflicted, B) some type of treatment is administered and C) the infarct sizes are assessed. However, within this paradigm, the researcher has to make numerous methodological decisions, including choosing rat strain and type of surgical procedure. Even though a few studies have attempted to address the questions experimentally, a lack of consensus regarding the optimal methodology remains. Methods We therefore meta-analyzed data from 502 control groups described in 346 articles to find out how rat strain, procedure for causing focal cerebral ischemia and the type of filament coating affected mortality and infarct size variability. Results The Wistar strain and intraluminal filament procedure using a silicone coated filament was found optimal in lowering infarct size variability. The direct and endothelin methods rendered lower mortality rate, whereas the embolus method increased it compared to the filament method. Conclusions The current article provides means for researchers to adjust their middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) protocols to minimize infarct size variability and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob O Ström
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden.
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Song X, Wang J, Wang P, Tian N, Yang M, Kong L. ¹H NMR-based metabolomics approach to evaluate the effect of Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu decoction on hyperlipidemia rats induced by high-fat diet. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 78-79:202-10. [PMID: 23501440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An NMR-based metabolomics approach was conducted to holisticly explore the effect of XFZYD (a traditional Chinese medicine formula) on high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemia rats with one of the commonly used antihyperlipidemic agents, simvastatin as the positive control. NMR spectra from blood plasma combined with statistical analysis revealed compounds distinguishing hyperlipidemia rats from normal control rats. XFZYD could ameliorate hyperlipidemia by intervening in some major metabolic pathways, such as decreasing the accumulation of ketone body (β-hydroxybutyrate) and acetyl-glycoproteins, enhancing glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, partially reversing energy and lipid metabolism disturbance. Oral administration of XFZYD could also be helpful to hyperlipidemia rats in bettering the serum chemistry profile. The combined results demonstrated that XFZYD could ameliorate the hyperlipidemic symptoms in a global scale and restore the abnormal metabolic state to a near normal level in a time-dependent pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Effects of Hyul-Bu-Chuke-Tang on Erythrocyte Deformability and Cerebrovascular CO(2) Reactivity in Normal Subjects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:725241. [PMID: 22690250 PMCID: PMC3368491 DOI: 10.1155/2012/725241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aim. Hyul-bu-chuke-tang (HCEt) is a well-known traditional herbal medicine that is used for the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disorders. We investigated the acute effects of HCEt on erythrocyte deformability and cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity (CVR) in healthy male subjects. Materials and Methods. We examined erythrocyte deformability in an HCEt group (n = 14) and a control group (n = 10). CVR was measured using hyperventilation-induced CO2 reactivity of the middle cerebral artery and transcranial Doppler (TCD) in the HCEt group (n = 11). A historical control group (n = 10) of CVR measurements was also created from our previous study. All measurements were performed prior to and 1, 2, and 3 hours after HCEt administration. Results. HCEt significantly improved erythrocyte deformability 1 hour after administration compared to the control group (2.9 ± 1.1% versus −0.6 ± 1.0%, P = 0.034). HCEt significantly improved the CVR 2 hours after administration compared to the historical control group (9.1 ± 4.0% versus −8.1 ± 4.1%, P = 0.007). The mean blood pressure and pulse rate did not vary from baseline values in either group. Conclusions. We demonstrated that HCEt improved erythrocyte deformability and CVR. Our findings suggest that an improvement in erythrocyte deformability contributes to HCEt's effect on cerebral microcirculation.
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