1
|
Lewis AJ, Richards AC, Mendez AA, Dhakal BK, Jones TA, Sundsbak JL, Eto DS, Rousek AA, Mulvey MA. Plant phenolics inhibit focal adhesion kinase and suppress host cell invasion by uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0008024. [PMID: 38534100 PMCID: PMC11075462 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00080-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional folk treatments for the prevention and management of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and other infectious diseases often include plants and plant extracts that are rich in phenolic compounds. These have been ascribed a variety of activities, including inhibition of bacterial interactions with host cells. Here, we tested a panel of four well-studied phenolic compounds-caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), resveratrol, catechin, and epigallocatechin gallate-for the effects on host cell adherence and invasion by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). These bacteria, which are the leading cause of UTIs, can bind and subsequently invade bladder epithelial cells via an actin-dependent process. Intracellular UPEC reservoirs within the bladder are often protected from antibiotics and host defenses and likely contribute to the development of chronic and recurrent infections. In cell culture-based assays, only resveratrol had a notable negative effect on UPEC adherence to bladder cells. However, both CAPE and resveratrol significantly inhibited UPEC entry into the host cells, coordinate with attenuated phosphorylation of the host actin regulator Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK or PTK2) and marked increases in the numbers of focal adhesion structures. We further show that the intravesical delivery of resveratrol inhibits UPEC infiltration of the bladder mucosa in a murine UTI model and that resveratrol and CAPE can disrupt the ability of other invasive pathogens to enter host cells. Together, these results highlight the therapeutic potential of molecules like CAPE and resveratrol, which could be used to augment antibiotic treatments by restricting pathogen access to protective intracellular niches.IMPORTANCEUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are exceptionally common and increasingly difficult to treat due to the ongoing rise and spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Furthermore, the primary cause of UTIs, uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), can avoid antibiotic exposure and many host defenses by invading the epithelial cells that line the bladder surface. Here, we identified two plant-derived phenolic compounds that disrupt activation of the host machinery needed for UPEC entry into bladder cells. One of these compounds, resveratrol, effectively inhibited UPEC invasion of the bladder mucosa in a mouse UTI model, and both phenolic compounds significantly reduced host cell entry by other invasive pathogens. These findings suggest that select phenolic compounds could be used to supplement existing antibacterial therapeutics by denying uropathogens shelter within host cells and tissues and help explain some of the benefits attributed to traditional plant-based medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Lewis
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Amanda C. Richards
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Alejandra A. Mendez
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Henry Eyring Center for Cell & Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Bijaya K. Dhakal
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tiffani A. Jones
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jamie L. Sundsbak
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Danelle S. Eto
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Alexis A. Rousek
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Henry Eyring Center for Cell & Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Matthew A. Mulvey
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Henry Eyring Center for Cell & Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hao J, Na R, Sun L, Jia Y, Han F, Fu Z, Wang Z, Zhao M, Gao C, Ge G. Chemical profile and quantitative comparison of constituents in different medicinal parts of Lactuca indica during varied harvest periods using UPLC-MS/MS method. Food Chem X 2023; 20:101031. [PMID: 38144840 PMCID: PMC10740015 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactuca indica L. cv. Mengzao (LIM), acknowledged as a pivotal "One Root of Medicine and Food", boasts dual applications in both culinary and medicinal domains. This research delves into the influence of various harvest periods (vegetative, budding, blossom, and fruiting) on distinct medicinal parts (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and seeds) of LIM, employing plant metabolomics to assess its chemical constituents. A total of 66 chemical constituents were identified in LIM, with 11 chemical components emerging as potential markers for distinguish medicinal parts. Notably, nutritional organs exhibited elevated levels of cichoric acid, rutin and chlorogenic acid. Specifically, leaves during the budding stage displayed the highest chicoric acid content at 11.70 mg·g-1. Conversely, reproductive organs showed heightened concentrations of cichoric acid, rutin and chlorogenic acid, with seeds exhibiting the peak cichoric acid content at 4.53 mg g-1. This study enriches our understanding of LIM by offering novel insights into quality assessment and the comprehensive utilization of its diverse parts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Hao
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Risu Na
- Center of Ecology and Agrometeorology of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Feng Han
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Zhihui Fu
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Muqier Zhao
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Cuiping Gao
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Gentu Ge
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lewis AJ, Richards AC, Mendez AA, Dhakal BK, Jones TA, Sundsbak JL, Eto DS, Mulvey MA. Plant Phenolics Inhibit Focal Adhesion Kinase and Suppress Host Cell Invasion by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.23.568486. [PMID: 38045282 PMCID: PMC10690256 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.23.568486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Traditional folk treatments for the prevention and management of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and other infectious diseases often include plants and plant extracts that are rich in phenolic and polyphenolic compounds. These have been ascribed a variety of activities, including inhibition of bacterial interactions with host cells. Here we tested a panel of four well-studied phenolic compounds - caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), resveratrol, catechin, and epigallocatechin gallate - for effects on host cell adherence and invasion by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). These bacteria, which are the leading cause of UTIs, can bind and subsequently invade bladder epithelial cells via an actin-dependent process. Intracellular UPEC reservoirs within the bladder are often protected from antibiotics and host defenses, and likely contribute to the development of chronic and recurrent infections. Using cell culture-based assays, we found that only resveratrol had a notable negative effect on UPEC adherence to bladder cells. However, both CAPE and resveratrol significantly inhibited UPEC entry into the host cells, coordinate with attenuated phosphorylation of the host actin regulator Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK, or PTK2) and marked increases in the numbers of focal adhesion structures. We further show that the intravesical delivery of resveratrol inhibits UPEC infiltration of the bladder mucosa in a murine UTI model, and that resveratrol and CAPE can disrupt the ability of other invasive pathogens to enter host cells. Together, these results highlight the therapeutic potential of molecules like CAPE and resveratrol, which could be used to augment antibiotic treatments by restricting pathogen access to protective intracellular niches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Lewis
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Amanda C. Richards
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, 257 S 1400 E, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Henry Eyring Center for Cell & Genome Science, 1390 Presidents Circle, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Alejandra A. Mendez
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, 257 S 1400 E, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Henry Eyring Center for Cell & Genome Science, 1390 Presidents Circle, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Bijaya K. Dhakal
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tiffani A. Jones
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jamie L. Sundsbak
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Danelle S. Eto
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Matthew A. Mulvey
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, 257 S 1400 E, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Henry Eyring Center for Cell & Genome Science, 1390 Presidents Circle, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou Y, Zhou Z, Zheng L, Gong Z, Li Y, Jin Y, Huang Y, Chi M. Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli: Mechanisms of Infection and Treatment Options. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10537. [PMID: 37445714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections that represent a severe public health problem. They are often caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumonia), Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (S. saprophyticus). Among these, uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are the most common causative agent in both uncomplicated and complicated UTIs. The adaptive evolution of UPEC has been observed in several ways, including changes in colonization, attachment, invasion, and intracellular replication to invade the urothelium and survive intracellularly. While antibiotic therapy has historically been very successful in controlling UTIs, high recurrence rates and increasing antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens threaten to greatly reduce the efficacy of these treatments. Furthermore, the gradual global emergence of multidrug-resistant UPEC has highlighted the need to further explore its pathogenesis and seek alternative therapeutic and preventative strategies. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the clinical status and pathogenesis of UTIs and the advantages and disadvantages of antibiotics as a conventional treatment option could spark a surge in the search for alternative treatment options, especially vaccines and medicinal plants. Such options targeting multiple pathogenic mechanisms of UPEC are expected to be a focus of UTI management in the future to help combat antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Zuying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Zipeng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yueting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Mingyan Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Taechowisan T, Chuen-Im T, Phutdhawong WS. Antibacterial and Anticancer Properties of Microbispora sp., AL22: An Endophyte of Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:922-928. [PMID: 36404746 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.922.928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> The AL22 strain was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of <i>Alpinia galanga</i> (L.) Willd (Zingiberaceae) and identified as <i>Microbispora</i> sp., by analysing its morphology, chemotaxonomy and 16S rDNA sequence. Previous studies demonstrated the bactericidal effects of its crude extract against <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. The present study aimed to isolate the major compounds and evaluate their biological properties. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Silica gel column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography were used for the purification and identification of 3,4-dihydro-lactucin (compound <b>1</b>) and umbelliferone (compound <b>2</b>) by NMR and mass spectrometry, respectively. Antibacterial and anticancer activities were carried out. <b>Results:</b> The bioassay studies illustrated that compound <b>1</b> had antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, with its minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of 16-32 and 64-128 μg mL<sup></sup><sup>1</sup>, respectively. The crude extract and purified compounds showed weak cytotoxic activity on the L929 and Vero cells with IC<sub>50</sub> values >512.00 μg mL<sup></sup><sup>1</sup>. The cytotoxicity of compound <b>1</b> was observed in the MDA-MB-231 and HeLa cells with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 37.62 and 75.34 μg mL<sup></sup><sup>1</sup>, respectively, while its IC<sub>50</sub> value against the HepG2 cells was 456.67 μg mL<sup></sup><sup>1</sup>. <b>Conclusion:</b> These findings showed that compound <b>1</b> of <i>Microbispora</i> sp., AL22 exhibited antibacterial and anticancer activities. Extensive studies on 3,4-dihydro-lactucin could lead to the development of beneficial approaches for managing bacterial infections and cancer.
Collapse
|
6
|
Thanh Thi Pham T, Thanh Thi Tran H, Cao PB, Thi Ninh P, Hang Do N, Truong Dinh S. High Genetic Diversity of 16 Indian lettuce ( Lactuca indica L.) Accessions from Vietnam. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:201-209. [PMID: 35234010 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.201.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Plant genetic resources provide the raw material for crop improvement and plant breeding program largely depends on it. Therefore, the evaluation of plant genetic resources plays a critical role in crop improvement and also in conserving valuable genetic resources for the future. In this study, the genetic diversity of 16 <i>Lactuca indica</i> L. accessions collected in Vietnam was investigated by using ISSR and RAPD markers. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Genetic diversity of 16 <i>Lactuca sativa</i> L. genotypes collected in Vietnam were evaluated using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. <b>Results:</b> In this study, 42 RAPD and ISSR primers were initially used, of which 12 and 9 primers, respectively were finally selected as they produced scorable patterns. RAPD markers produced a total of 113 loci, out of which 52 loci (45.96%) were polymorphic. The average percentage of the polymorphic band for RAPD primer is 45.96% and the genetic similarity based on simple matching coefficient ranged from 69.0-94.7%. ISSR analysis detected a total of 60 loci, out of which 22 loci (36.32%) were polymorphic and the genetic similarity ranged from 56.7-95.0%. In general, ISSR markers amplified fewer loci and showed lower variation in the percentage of polymorphism compares to the RAPD assay. <b>Conclusion:</b> These results indicate that the 16 collected Indian lettuce genotypes are genetically diverse. Because of these genetic diversities, the collected genotypes could be used for preserving or crossing programs to improve this precious medicinal plant in Vietnam.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yi TG, Park Y, Park JE, Park NI. Enhancement of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidative Activities by the Combination of Culture Medium and Methyl Jasmonate Elicitation in Hairy Root Cultures of Lactuca indica L. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19861867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactuca indica L. has been traditionally used as a wild vegetable and as a medicinal plant for centuries. The various compounds present in it and their biological activities have been extensively reported. Hairy-root culture combined with agrobacterium-meditated metabolic engineering is a useful technique to achieve stable production of biologically active plant compounds. Here, we evaluated the enhancement of secondary metabolites in L. indica L. and their bioactivities by testing culture media composition and the use of an elicitor. Hairy roots were induced and cultured in MS or SH liquid media for 2 weeks prior to treatment with various concentrations of MeJa, for different periods. The resulting phenolic contents and physiological activities were analyzed. Higher total phenolic, flavonoid, and hydroxycinnamic acids contents were attained by elicitation with MeJa. Metabolite accumulation, especially in SH media and in the presence of MeJa, was time dependent. Particularly, accumulation of chicoric acid increased markedly with time. Similarly, we observed time dependent positive and negative responses of antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. As in previous studies, the highest correlation was found between total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. Further, 3,5-DCQA showed the highest correlation with total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities in hydroxycinnamic acids. Our data effectively identified optimal culture conditions to increase the accumulation of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity in hairy roots cultures of L. indica L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Gyu Yi
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Yeri Park
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Jai-Eok Park
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of National Products, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Nam Il Park
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mohanty S, Zambrana S, Dieulouard S, Kamolvit W, Nilsén V, Gonzales E, Östenson CG, Brauner A. Amaranthus caudatus extract inhibits the invasion of E. coli into uroepithelial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 220:155-158. [PMID: 29621584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Amaranthus caudatus is traditionally used to treat infections. Based on its traditional usage, we investigated the effect of A. caudatus on the bladder epithelial cells in the protection of E. coli infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The direct antimicrobial effects of A. caudatus on uropathogenic bacteria were investigated using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Bladder epithelial cell lines T24 and 5637 and uropathogenic E. coli strain #12 were used to investigate the effect of A. caudatus. Bacterial adhesion and invasion into bladder cells treated with A. caudatus was analyzed. Expression of uroplakin-1a (UPK1A), β1 integrin (ITGB1), caveolin-1 (CAV1) and the antimicrobial peptides human β defensin-2 (DEFB4A) and LL-37 (CAMP) was evaluated using RT-PCR. RESULTS No direct antibacterial effect on E. coli or any of the tested uropathogenic strains was observed by A. caudatus. However, we demonstrated reduced mRNA expression of uroplakin-1a and caveolin-1, but not β1 integrin after treatment of uroepithelial cells, mirrored by the decreased adhesion and invasion of E. coli. A. caudatus treatment did not induce increased gene expression of the antimicrobial peptides, LL-37 and human β-defensin-2. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that A. caudatus has a protective role on bladder epithelial cells against uropathogenic E. coli infection by decreasing the bacterial adhesion and invasion, thereby preventing infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Silvia Zambrana
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Area de Farmacologia, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmaco Bioquimicas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquimicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Soizic Dieulouard
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Witchuda Kamolvit
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Vera Nilsén
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Eduardo Gonzales
- Area de Farmacologia, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmaco Bioquimicas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquimicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Claes-Göran Östenson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Annelie Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Terlizzi ME, Gribaudo G, Maffei ME. UroPathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) Infections: Virulence Factors, Bladder Responses, Antibiotic, and Non-antibiotic Antimicrobial Strategies. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1566. [PMID: 28861072 PMCID: PMC5559502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common pathological conditions in both community and hospital settings. It has been estimated that about 150 million people worldwide develop UTI each year, with high social costs in terms of hospitalizations and medical expenses. Among the common uropathogens associated to UTIs development, UroPathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the primary cause. UPEC strains possess a plethora of both structural (as fimbriae, pili, curli, flagella) and secreted (toxins, iron-acquisition systems) virulence factors that contribute to their capacity to cause disease, although the ability to adhere to host epithelial cells in the urinary tract represents the most important determinant of pathogenicity. On the opposite side, the bladder epithelium shows a multifaceted array of host defenses including the urine flow and the secretion of antimicrobial substances, which represent useful tools to counteract bacterial infections. The fascinating and intricate dynamics between these players determine a complex interaction system that needs to be revealed. This review will focus on the most relevant components of UPEC arsenal of pathogenicity together with the major host responses to infection, the current approved treatment and the emergence of resistant UPEC strains, the vaccine strategies, the natural antimicrobial compounds along with innovative anti-adhesive and prophylactic approaches to prevent UTIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TurinTorino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lüthje P, Brauner A. Novel Strategies in the Prevention and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections. Pathogens 2016; 5:E13. [PMID: 26828523 PMCID: PMC4810134 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens5010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections are one of the most common bacterial infections, especially in women and children, frequently treated with antibiotics. The alarming increase in antibiotic resistance is a global threat to future treatment of infections. Therefore, alternative strategies are urgently needed. The innate immune system plays a fundamental role in protecting the urinary tract from infections. Antimicrobial peptides form an important part of the innate immunity. They are produced by epithelial cells and neutrophils and defend the urinary tract against invading bacteria. Since efficient resistance mechanisms have not evolved among bacterial pathogens, much effort has been put into exploring the role of antimicrobial peptides and possibilities to utilize them in clinical practice. Here, we describe the impact of antimicrobial peptides in the urinary tract and ways to enhance the production by hormones like vitamin D and estrogen. We also discuss the potential of medicinal herbs to be used in the prophylaxis and the treatment of urinary tract infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Lüthje
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden.
| | - Annelie Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vollmerhausen TL, Ramos NL, Dzung DTN, Brauner A. Decoctions from Citrus reticulata Blanco seeds protect the uroepithelium against Escherichia coli invasion. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:770-774. [PMID: 24120518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional usage suggests Citrus reticulata Blanco seeds have beneficial effects against infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Citrus reticulata on the uroepithelium and to determine the mechanisms responsible for protection against urinary tract infection (UTI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Human bladder cell lines T24 and 5637 were employed in a cell culture infection model to determine the effects of Citrus reticulata treatment on Escherichia coli adherence and invasion of the uroepithelium. β1 integrin and caveolin-1 mRNA expression was assessed using RT real-time PCR. β1 integrin protein expression was confirmed by Western Blot. The effect of Citrus reticulata on bacteria was investigated using antibacterial sensitivity, yeast agglutination and biofilm assays. RESULTS Citrus reticulata treatment decreased β1 integrin expression and reduced bacterial invasion while adhesion of uroepithelial cells was not affected. Caveolin-1 expression was not influenced either and Citrus reticulata did neither exhibit any direct antimicrobial effect nor interfered with type 1 fimbriae binding. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that Citrus reticulata has a protective effect on the uroepithelium as seen by reduced bacterial invasion of uroepithelial cells. These properties suggest that seeds from Citrus reticulata may have therapeutic potential in preventing UTI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Vollmerhausen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from pregnant women in different countries. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:3569-74. [PMID: 22915606 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01647-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common during pregnancy and can be associated with negative outcomes for both the mother and fetus. Increased risk of infection among these patients has been attributed to physiological changes, and less focus has been placed on Escherichia coli, the most frequent causative agent. We investigated the virulence properties of isolates causing UTI in pregnant women in Sweden, Uganda, and Vietnam, as well as nonpregnant women in Sweden. Although phylogenetic group B2 was the most prevalent group, more Ugandan isolates belonged to group B1, associated with commensal strains, than isolates from other countries. Adherence to and invasion of urothelial cells, key events in the infection process, were low among group B1 isolates from pregnant Swedish women compared to those from nonpregnant patients. Similar levels of adherence and invasion were seen in isolates from pregnant women in Uganda and Vietnam. More biofilm was formed by group B2 isolates than by those belonging to group B1 and by Ugandan group B2 isolates than by those from pregnant Swedish and Vietnamese women. The antigen 43a-encoding gene, fluA(CFT073), was most prevalent among Ugandan isolates. Expression of the biofilm components, curli and cellulose, was low among all isolates. Multidrug resistance was more common among isolates from Uganda and Vietnam than among those from Swedish patients. We suggest that while bacterial virulence properties play an important role in UTI during pregnancy, physiological changes in the host may contribute more to the incidence of infection caused by less virulent E. coli.
Collapse
|