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Wei AH, Zeng L, Ruan JL, Zhou DN. Apoptosis induced by DICO, a novel non-aromatic B-ring flavonoid via a ROS-dependent mechanism in human colon cancer cells. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:6050-6055. [PMID: 35253534 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2042283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- An-Hua Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Lan Ruan
- College of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao-Nian Zhou
- Postdoctoral Programme, Mayinglong Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China
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Identification of Five Flavonoid Compounds from the Remaining Ginger Powder Purified by Using High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography and Their Bioactivity. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3
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Abbate F, Maugeri A, Laurà R, Levanti M, Navarra M, Cirmi S, Germanà A. Zebrafish as a Useful Model to Study Oxidative Stress-Linked Disorders: Focus on Flavonoids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050668. [PMID: 33922976 PMCID: PMC8147052 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is considered one of the most versatile experimental animal models. The transparency of the embryos, the small size, the rapid development and the homology with higher vertebrates have made the zebrafish a valuable model also for drug screening. Its use is closely related for the determination of bioactivity, toxicity and off-target side effects of novel drug candidates, which also allows a thorough evaluation of new targets; thus, it may represent a suitable model for drug screening and the optimization of novel candidates. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds widely present in fruits, vegetables and cereals. Polyphenols are important for both plants and humans, considering their involvement in defense mechanisms, particularly against oxidative stress. They protect plants from biotic and abiotic stressors and prevent or treat oxidative-based human diseases. For these reasons, polyphenols are used as nutraceuticals, functional foods and supplements by the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, the most relevant findings on zebrafish as a useful experimental model to study oxidative stress-linked disorders, focusing on the biological activities of flavonoids, are here summarized and reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Abbate
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.L.); (M.L.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (S.C.)
| | - Alessandro Maugeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Rosaria Laurà
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.L.); (M.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Maria Levanti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.L.); (M.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Santa Cirmi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (M.N.)
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (S.C.)
| | - Antonino Germanà
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.L.); (M.L.); (A.G.)
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Bai C, Sun Y, Pan X, Yang J, Li X, Wu A, Qin D, Cao S, Zou W, Wu J. Antitumor Effects of Trimethylellagic Acid Isolated From Sanguisorba officinalis L. on Colorectal Cancer via Angiogenesis Inhibition and Apoptosis Induction. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1646. [PMID: 32047442 PMCID: PMC6997556 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that tannin could inhibit the proliferation and angiogenesis of cancer cells. However, the mechanism(s) associated with its antitumor effect remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of 3,3',4'-trimethylellagic acid (TMEA), a tannin compound isolated from Sanguisorba officinalis L., on the proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis in cancer cells, as well as the underlying mechanism(s) related to its antitumor activity. TMEA was isolated from Sanguisorba officinalis L. by silica gel column chromatography. Molecular docking was carried out to assess active pocket binding between TMEA and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). The antiangiogenic effect of TMEA on the migration and tube formation was detected in HUVECs by wound healing and tube formation assays, respectively. The antitumor effects of TMEA on the cell proliferation were determined in HepG2, A549, and SW620 cells by MTS assay in vitro and on the tumor growth of SW620 xenografts bearing in nude mice in vivo. The mRNA expression of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, VEGF, PI3K, and mTOR were measured by qRT-PCR and protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, VEGF, PI3K, and mTOR by Western blotting, and the protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and CD31 were detected by immunohistochemical analysis in vivo, respectively. The results showed that TMEA combined with VEGFR2 in the functional pockets of Asn223A, Gly922A, and Leu840A and inhibited the proliferation, migration, tube formation, and expression of VEGF and its downstream signaling mediators in HUVECs. TMEA also significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2, A549, and SW620 cancer cells in vitro, and suppressed the growth of SW620 tumors in vivo. Moreover, TMEA upregulated the expression of proapoptotic factors Bax and caspase-3 and downregulated the expression of antiapoptotic factors CD31 and Bcl-2 in cancer cells and/or tumor tissues. The data indicate that TMEA executes its anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis in cancer cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. The underlying anticancer mechanism is associated with the apoptotic and VEGF/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongfei Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueshan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xianchao Pan
- Department of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
| | - Dalian Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
| | - Shousong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Zou
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Wei AH, Zhou DN, Gu ZC, Liu D. HPLC analysis, optimization of extraction and purification conditions, biological evaluation of total protoflavones from Macrothelypteris viridifrons. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:3167-3170. [PMID: 30449172 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1522312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate phytochemical and pharmacological potential of total protoflavones from Macrothelypteris viridifrons. In the phytochemical study, an HPLC analysis method was established, and the optimal extraction and purification conditions were analyzed. The extractive condition was optimized as follows: the backflow extraction with 20 folds of 70% ethanol at 80◦C for 1 h twice. Moreover, by combining the alkali-extraction and acid-precipitation method with the macroporous resin purification technology, the final purity rate of total protoflavones was no less than 54.85%. In the pharmacological study, the total protoflavones from M. viridifrons showed a significant tumor-inhibitory effect in the H22 hepatoma cells transplantation model with a higher inhibitory rate of 55.76% in high dosage (100mg/kg) treatment group compared with the positive control group (20 mg/kg cyclophosphamide). Taken of all, these results support that protoflavones are the material basis of M. viridifrons as an anticancer folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Hua Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Dao-Nian Zhou
- Postdoctoral Programme, Mayinglong Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd. , Wuhan , China
| | - Zhi-Chun Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
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Flavonoids Effects on Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Murine Models: A Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:6328970. [PMID: 29681978 PMCID: PMC5850900 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6328970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. It occurs primarily as manifestation of other pathological processes, such as viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, and toxin exposure that affect directly the cellular process. Studies were selected from PubMed and Scopus databases according to the PRISMA statement. The research filters were constructed using three parameters: flavonoids, hepatocellular carcinoma, and animal model. The bias analysis of the 34 selected works was done using the ARRIVE guidelines. The most widely used flavonoid in the studies was epigallocatechin gallate extracted from green tea. In general, the treatment with different flavonoids presented inhibition of tumor growth and antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The bias analysis evidenced the absence of methodological processes in all studies, such as the age or weight of the animals, the method of flavonoids' extraction, or the experimental designs, analytical methods, and outcome measures. It has been known that flavonoids have a protective effect against HCC. However, the absence or incomplete characterization of the animal models, treatment protocols, and phytochemical and toxicity analyses impaired the internal validity of the individual studies, making it difficult to determine the effectiveness of plant-derived products in the treatment of HCC.
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Yu Y, Shen M, Song Q, Xie J. Biological activities and pharmaceutical applications of polysaccharide from natural resources: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 183:91-101. [PMID: 29352896 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 726] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacotherapy using natural substances can be currently regarded as a very promising future alternative to conventional therapy. As biological macromolecules, polysaccharide together with protein and polynucleotide, are extremely important biomacromoleules which play important roles in the growth and development of living organism. Polysaccharide is important component of higher plants, membrane of the animal cell and the cell wall of microbes. It is also closely related to the physiological functions. Recently, increasing attention has been paid on polysaccharides as an important class of bioactive natural products. Numerous researches have demonstrated the bioactivities of natural polysaccharides, which lead to the application of polysaccharides in the treatment of disease. In this paper, the various aspects of the investigation results of the bioactivities of polysaccharides were summarized, including its diversity pharmacological applications, such as immunoregulatory, anti-tumor, anti-virus, antioxidation, and hypoglycemic activity, and their application of polysaccharides in the treatment of disease are also discussed. We hope this review can offer some theoretical basis and inspiration for the mechanism study of the bioactivity of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qianqian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Wu JG, Ma L, Lin SH, Wu YB, Yi J, Yang BJ, Wu JZ, Wong KH. Anticancer and anti-angiogenic activities of extract from Actinidia eriantha Benth root. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 203:1-10. [PMID: 28323051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The roots of Actinidia eriantha Benth (AER) are commonly used traditional folk medicine for the treatment of gastric carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and breast carcinoma. Besides, the anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory effects of AER polysaccharides on tumor-bearing mice have been reported previously. AIM OF THE STUDY This work was carried out to investigate the anticancer and anti-angiogenic activities of AER. MATERIALS AND METHODS The growth inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts from the leaves (EEL), stems (EES) and roots (EER) of A. eriantha on human gastric carcinoma SGC7901 cells, human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2 cells, human breast carcinoma MCF7 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated by MTT assay. The ethyl acetate fraction from EER (EA-EER) was further investigated for the anticancer activity against SGC7901 cells and the anti-angiogenic activity in HUVECs in vitro. The apoptosis in SGC7901 cells and HUVECs was confirmed by DAPI nuclear staining and flow cytometry analysis, the effect on cellular DNA fragmentation was detected in SGC7901 cells. And the cell cycle-arresting activity in HUVECs was determined by flow cytometry. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of EA-EER on cell migration in HUVECs was observed by both wound-healing and Transwell migration assays. RT-PCR and Western-blotting were performed to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively, including Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in SGC7901 cells, as well as VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 in HUVECs. Furthermore, the in vivo anti-angiogenic activity of EA-EER was evaluated by using chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Ultimately, the chemical components in EA-EER were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatography followed by structure characterization using 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. RESULTS Compared with EEL and EES, EER displayed the strongest growth inhibitory effect on SGC7901 cells, CNE2 cells and HUVECs. Among the EER fractions, EA-EER exhibited the most potent growth inhibitory activity against SGC7901 cells, CNE2 cells and HUVECs. Moreover, EA-EER induced obvious apoptosis in SGC7901 and HUVECs, and significantly inhibited the proliferation of HUVECs via blockade of cell cycle G1 to S progression. Furthermore, EA-EER suppressed the expression of Bcl-2 and improved the expression Bax and caspase-3 in SGC7901 cells. EA-EER not only inhibited migration of HUVECs, but also down-regulated the expression of VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 in HUVECs. In vivo, EA-EER exposure reduced the formation of blood vessels in chick embryos. A bio-guided isolation of EA-EER led to the isolation of three compounds for the first time, namely (6R, 7E, 9S)-6, 9-hydroxy-megastigman-4, 7-dien-3-one-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, Oleanolic acid-23-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 3β, 23, 24-trihydroxyl-12-oleanen-28-oic acid. CONCLUSION The present research demonstrated that the significant anticancer and anti-angiogenic effects of AER, providing the supportive evidence for its traditional use in the treatment for cancer. It was suggested that AER could be use as a potential source of cancer therapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Wu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou 350108, PR China.
| | - Li Ma
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou 350108, PR China.
| | - Shui-Hua Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou 350108, PR China.
| | - Yan-Bin Wu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou 350108, PR China.
| | - Jun Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Fujian Institute of Education, Fuzhou 350001, PR China.
| | - Bin-Jun Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350108, PR China.
| | - Jin-Zhong Wu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou 350108, PR China.
| | - Ka-Hing Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, PR China.
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Certo G, Costa R, D'Angelo V, Russo M, Albergamo A, Dugo G, Germanò MP. Anti-angiogenic activity and phytochemical screening of fruit fractions from Vitex agnus castus. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:2850-2856. [PMID: 28326847 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1303696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the antitumour activity of Vitex agnus castus fruits has been already addressed, no work has yet assessed their anti-angiogenic potential. To this purpose, several extractive fractions of such fruits were tested on zebrafish embrios by EAP assay, so that only the bioactive fractions could be subsequently tested on the chick chorioallantoic membrane by CAM assay. Bioactive fractions were also phytochemically screened to identify those bioactive compounds responsible for anti-angiogenic activity. A marked inhibition of vessel formation was detected only in zebrafish embryos treated with chloroform or ethyl acetate fractions. Considering CAM assay, chloroform fraction induced a strong reduction of microvasculature and haemoglobin content; while lower anti-angiogenic effects of the ethyl acetate fraction were determined. Phytochemical analyses confirmed the presence of several bioactive anti-angiogenic compounds. Overall, obtained preliminary results highlighted a potential anti-angiogenic activity of V. agnus castus fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Certo
- a Fondazione Prof. Antonio Imbesi , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Rosaria Costa
- b Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Valeria D'Angelo
- c Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Marina Russo
- d Centro Integrato Ricerca (C.I.R.) , University Campus Biomedico , Rome , Italy
| | - Ambrogina Albergamo
- b Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy.,e Science4life S.r.l. , A Spin-Off of the University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- b Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy.,e Science4life S.r.l. , A Spin-Off of the University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Maria Paola Germanò
- c Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
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Preclinical Models for Investigation of Herbal Medicines in Liver Diseases: Update and Perspective. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:4750163. [PMID: 26941826 PMCID: PMC4749812 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4750163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver disease results from a dynamic pathological process associated with cellular and genetic alterations, which may progress stepwise to liver dysfunction. Commonly, liver disease begins with hepatocyte injury, followed by persistent episodes of cellular regeneration, inflammation, and hepatocyte death that may ultimately lead to nonreversible liver failure. For centuries, herbal remedies have been used for a variety of liver diseases and recent studies have identified the active compounds that may interact with liver disease-associated targets. Further study on the herbal remedies may lead to the formulation of next generation medicines with hepatoprotective, antifibrotic, and anticancer properties. Still, the pharmacological actions of vast majority of herbal remedies remain unknown; thus, extensive preclinical studies are important. In this review, we summarize progress made over the last five years of the most commonly used preclinical models of liver diseases that are used to screen for curative herbal medicines for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, and liver. We also summarize the proposed mechanisms associated with the observed liver-protective, antifibrotic, and anticancer actions of several promising herbal medicines and discuss the challenges faced in this research field.
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Sun MZ, Cui Y, Guo C, Zhao B, Liu S. rAdinbitor, a disintegrin from Agkistrodon halys brevicaudus stejneger, inhibits tumorigenicity of hepatocarcinoma via enhanced anti-angiogenesis and immunocompetence. Biochimie 2015; 116:34-42. [PMID: 26133656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adinbitor is a disintegrin previously obtained from Agkistrodon halys brevicaudus stejneger by our group. Here, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activities of recombinant Adinbitor (rAdinbitor). rAdinbitor stimulation can inhibit the in vitro proliferation, migration and invasion capacities of murine hepatocarcinoma H22 and Hca-F cells. The administrations of rAdinbitor either by gavage or intraperitoneal injection suppress the tumor malignancy and prolong the survival rate and time of H22-transplanted mice. The number and size of formed blood vessels decreased dramatically in tumorous tissues in that the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34) were significantly decreased in responding to rAdinbitor treatment. The protein levels of IL-18 and IgG increased significantly in the serum of H22-transplanted tumor mice with rAdinbitor treatment. rAdinbitor shows in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects as an angiogenesis inhibitor and immunocompetence enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhong Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yanhua Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Chunmei Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Baochang Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China; Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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Cai W, Li Y, Yi Q, Xie F, Du B, Feng L, Qiu L. Total saponins from Albizia julibrissin inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3405-13. [PMID: 25607254 PMCID: PMC4368075 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dried stem bark from Albizia julibrissin (AJ) is a highly valued Traditional Chinese Medicine, which has been shown to suppress tumor growth and angiogenesis. Total saponins from AJ (TSAJ) are one of the most bioactive components of AJ extract. The present study evaluated the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects of TSAJ in vitro and in vivo. The anti-angiogenic activity of TSAJ was investigated by measuring the effects on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced proliferation, migration and tube formation of Ea.hy926 endothelial cells in vitro. The expression levels of proteins associated with VEGF-induced angiogenesis were determined by western blotting. Furthermore, in vivo Matrigel™ plug and H22 hepatoma tumor models were used to verify the anti-angiogenic effects of TSAJ. The present study demonstrated that TSAJ significantly inhibited VEGF-mediated endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation of Ea.hy926 cells in vitro. The anti-angiogenic effects of TSAJ were modulated by suppression of phosphorylated-(p-) focal adhesion kinase, p-Akt, and p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the VEGF/VEGF receptor 2 (R2) signaling pathway. Furthermore, oral administration of TSAJ significantly inhibited tumor growth and tumor-induced angiogenesis, as well as the formation of functional vessels, in the Matrigel™ plug model. These results suggest that TSAJ may be a potential anti-angiogenic agent that targets the VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway, and inhibits tumor-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Cai
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Yi
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Fengshan Xie
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Bin Du
- Laboratory of Tumor Pharmacology, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Lei Feng
- Laboratory of Tumor Pharmacology, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Liying Qiu
- Laboratory of Tumor Pharmacology, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
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Freitas GC, Batista JM, Franchi GC, Nowill AE, Yamaguchi LF, Vilcachagua JD, Favaro DC, Furlan M, Guimarães EF, Jeffrey CS, Kato MJ. Cytotoxic non-aromatic B-ring flavanones from Piper carniconnectivum C. DC. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 97:81-87. [PMID: 24252268 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The EtOAc extract from the leaves of Piper carniconnectivum C. DC. was subjected to chromatographic separation to afford two non-aromatic B-ring flavanone compounds: 5-hydroxy-2-(1'-hydroxy-4'-oxo-cyclohex-2'-en-1'-yl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one (1) and 5-hydroxy-2-(1',2'-dihydroxy-4'-oxo-cyclohexyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one (2). The absolute configuration of (+)-1 was unambiguously determined as 2S,1'R by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy and comparison to simulated spectra that were calculated using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). This methodology allowed the assignment of the absolute configuration of (+)-2 also as 2S,1'R, except for the stereogenic center at C-2', which was assigned as R because of the evidence drawn from high resolution NMR experiments. The cytotoxic activity of both compounds and 3 (hydrogenated B-ring derivative of 1) was evaluated on twelve human leukemia cell lines, and the IC50 values (<10 μM) indicated the activity of 1 against seven cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana C Freitas
- Research Support Center in Molecular Diversity of Natural Products, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, 05599-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João M Batista
- NUBBE, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto C Franchi
- Centro Integrado de Pesquisas Oncohematológicas na Infância, UNICAMP, CP 6141, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre E Nowill
- Centro Integrado de Pesquisas Oncohematológicas na Infância, UNICAMP, CP 6141, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lydia F Yamaguchi
- Research Support Center in Molecular Diversity of Natural Products, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, 05599-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Janaina D Vilcachagua
- Research Support Center in Molecular Diversity of Natural Products, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, 05599-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denize C Favaro
- Research Support Center in Molecular Diversity of Natural Products, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, 05599-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maysa Furlan
- NUBBE, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Elsie F Guimarães
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão 2040, 22460-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Massuo J Kato
- Research Support Center in Molecular Diversity of Natural Products, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, 05599-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Wei A, Zhou D, Wu G. Determination of protoapigenone in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection and its application in pharmacokinetic studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1452-6. [PMID: 23813346 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive HPLC method using UV detection was developed to determine the concentration of protoapigenone in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was conducted on a C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of an acetonitrile-methanol-aqueous phase (containing 0.2% acetic acid, pH 3.0) system at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The UV detector was set at 248 nm. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.031-10.0 µg/mL. The lower limit of quantification was 31 ng/mL. The recoveries for plasma samples ranged from 70.3 to 82.5%. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision fulfilled the international standards. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of protoapigenone in rats after oral administration of protoapigenone. It was shown that protoapigenone could be absorbed rapidly after oral administration and could reach the maximum concentration within 1 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anhua Wei
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
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Tomšík P. Ferns and lycopods--a potential treasury of anticancer agents but also a carcinogenic hazard. Phytother Res 2013; 28:798-810. [PMID: 24123573 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Many species of seedless vascular plants-ferns and lycopods-have been used as food and folk medicine since ancient times. Some of them have become the focus of intensive research concerning their anticancer properties. Studies on the anticancer effect of crude extracts are being increasingly replaced by bioactivity-guided fractionation, as well as detailed assessment of the mechanism of action. Numerous compounds-especially flavonoids such as amentoflavone and protoapigenone, and also simpler phenolic compounds, steroids, alkaloids and terpenoids-were isolated and found to be cytotoxic, particularly pro-apoptotic, or to induce cell cycle arrest in cancer cell lines in vitro. In in vivo experiments, some fern-derived compounds inhibited tumour growth with little toxicity. On the other hand, many ferns-not only the well-known Bracken (Pteridium)-may pose a significant hazard to human health due to the fact that they contain carcinogenic sesquiterpenoids and their analogues. The objective of this review is to summarise the recent state of research on the anticancer properties of ferns and lycopods, with a focus on their characteristic bioactive constituents. The carcinogenic hazard posed by ferns is also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Tomšík
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Šimkova 870, Hradec Králové, 500 01, Czech Republic
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