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Wang D, Yu Z, Guan M, Cai Q, Wei J, Ma P, Xue Z, Ma R, Oksman-Caldentey KM, Rischer H. Comparative transcriptome analysis of Veratrum maackii and Veratrum nigrum reveals multiple candidate genes involved in steroidal alkaloid biosynthesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8198. [PMID: 37211560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Veratrum (Melanthiaceae; Liliales) is a genus of perennial herbs known for the production of unique bioactive steroidal alkaloids. However, the biosynthesis of these compounds is incompletely understood because many of the downstream enzymatic steps have yet to be resolved. RNA-Seq is a powerful method that can be used to identify candidate genes involved in metabolic pathways by comparing the transcriptomes of metabolically active tissues to controls lacking the pathway of interest. The root and leaf transcriptomes of wild Veratrum maackii and Veratrum nigrum plants were sequenced and 437,820 clean reads were assembled into 203,912 unigenes, 47.67% of which were annotated. We identified 235 differentially expressed unigenes potentially involved in the synthesis of steroidal alkaloids. Twenty unigenes, including new candidate cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and transcription factors, were selected for validation by quantitative real-time PCR. Most candidate genes were expressed at higher levels in roots than leaves but showed a consistent profile across both species. Among the 20 unigenes putatively involved in the synthesis of steroidal alkaloids, 14 were already known. We identified three new CYP450 candidates (CYP76A2, CYP76B6 and CYP76AH1) and three new transcription factor candidates (ERF1A, bHLH13 and bHLH66). We propose that ERF1A, CYP90G1-1 and CYP76AH1 are specifically involved in the key steps of steroidal alkaloid biosynthesis in V. maackii roots. Our data represent the first cross-species analysis of steroidal alkaloid biosynthesis in the genus Veratrum and indicate that the metabolic properties of V. maackii and V. nigrum are broadly conserved despite their distinct alkaloid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijing Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Guan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinan Cai
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Wei
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengda Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheyong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ma
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
| | | | - Heiko Rischer
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P. O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland.
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Abedalqader NN, Rababa'h AM, Ababneh M. The protective effect of rivaroxaban with or without aspirin on inflammation, oxidative stress, and platelet reactivity in isoproterenol-induced cardiac injury in rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:337-351. [PMID: 36334131 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery diseases are principal sources of mortality and disability in global human population. Progressively, rivaroxaban is being evaluated for the prevention of atherosclerotic thrombi, particularly with anti-platelet agents. Hence, the current report aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of rivaroxaban on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac injury model in rats and the possible synergistic effect when combined with aspirin. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five different groups. Cardiac injury was induced by subcutaneous injection of ISO (85 mg/kg) for 2 consecutive days. Rat tail bleeding time was performed prior to sacrifice. Cardiac enzymes, platelet activity, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Pre-administration of rivaroxaban alone and on combination with aspirin prevented ISO-induced increase in cardiac thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels. Moreover, a significant prolongation of bleeding time was demonstrated among aspirin, rivaroxaban, and aspirin plus rivaroxaban treated groups. On the other hand, the combination treatment of aspirin plus rivaroxaban showed no marked difference in these biomarkers and bleeding time relative to either drug administered separately. However, a prominent decrease of cardiac 6-keto prostaglandin F1α (6-Keto-PGF1α) level was displayed in the combination treatment when compared with ISO and rivaroxaban-treated groups, whereas no significant improvement was seen in cardiac glycoprotein V (GPV) levels except in aspirin-treated group. The study results demonstrated that rivaroxaban decreases cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, and platelets reactivity. However, the addition of rivaroxaban to aspirin did not seem to show synergistic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or antiplatelet effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour N Abedalqader
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Abeer M Rababa'h
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Mera Ababneh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Zhou ZS, Zhao YL, Hu BY, Wang B, Liu YP, Zhu YY, He YJ, Wang ZJ, Dai Z, Zhao LX, Luo XD. Steroidal alkaloid with unprecedented triheterocyclic architecture. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:326-329. [PMID: 36511292 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06073f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Veratrazine A (1), a steroidal alkaloid with a unique 6/5/5 triheterocyclic scaffold as the side chain, was isolated from Veratrum stenophyllum, and its structure was established via spectroscopic analyses and X-ray diffraction. A plausible biosynthetic pathway for 1 is proposed. Bioassy exhibits moderate anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Bin-Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Bei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Herbal-Tebitan Drug Screening and Deep Processing of Gansu Province, School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Ying-Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Zhao-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi Dai
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Xing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
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Xie TZ, Zhao YL, Wang H, Chen YC, Wei X, Wang ZJ, He YJ, Zhao LX, Luo XD. New steroidal alkaloids with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects from Veratrum grandiflorum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115290. [PMID: 35452774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE "Li-Lu", the roots and rhizomes of Veratrum grandiflorum (Melianthiaceae), has been historically used as a traditional folk medicine for the treatment of wrist pain, fractures, sores, and inflammation in Yunnan Province, China. However, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic studies of this plant have seldom reported. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties related to the traditional usage of V. grandiflorum both in vitro and in vivo, and further explore the accurate bioactive compounds from the medicinal plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical investigation was carried out by chromatographic methods and their structures were established based on extensive spectra and comparison with corresponding data in the reported literatures. Anti-inflammatory activities were assessed by the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-activated inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in vitro. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were evaluated based on carrageenan-induced paw edema and acetic acid-stimulated writhing in mice. RESULTS The methanol extract (ME) of V. grandiflorum significantly alleviated the paw edema caused by carrageenan and the writhing numbers induced by acetic acid. Subsequent phytochemical investigation led to isolated of 21 steroidal alkaloids, including seven new compounds, veragranines C-I (1-7). Anti-inflammatory test indicated that steroidal alkaloids could decrease the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells at a concentration of 5.0 μg/ml in vitro, comparable to DXM. Moreover, five new steroidal alkaloids (2, 4, 5, 6, and 7) and two major steroidal alkaloids (9 and 13) significantly decreased the numbers of writhing in mice at the doses of 0.5 and/or 1.0 mg/kg (p < 0.01/0.05), roughly comparable to Dolantin™ at 10.0 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS The investigation supported the traditional use of V. grandiflorum and provided new steroidal alkaloids as potent analgesic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Yi-Chi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Xin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Zhao-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Ying-Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Li-Xing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China.
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Cheng J, Zhang M, Sun Z, Lu F, Xiong W, Luo J, Kong H, Wang Q, Qu H, Zhao Y. Hemostatic and hepatoprotective bioactivity of Junci Medulla Carbonisata-derived Carbon Dots. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:431-446. [PMID: 30698498 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the hemostatic and hepatoprotective bioactivity of Junci Medulla Carbonisata-derived Carbon Dots (JMC-CDs). MATERIALS & METHODS The JMC-CDs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, HPLC, Fourier transform IR, UV, fluorescence and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The hemostatic effect of JMC-CDs was evaluated and confirmed by trauma hemorrhagic animal models and internal hemorrhage animal model induced by Deinagkistrodon acutus venom. RESULTS The JMC-CDs ranged in diameter from 1.0 to 8 nm and had a yield of 0.12%. Moreover, JMC-CDs not only possessed remarkable hemostatic efficacy but could also prevent hemorrhage-induced liver injury, as demonstrated by the reduced serum levels of biochemical indicators of liver damage such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin. CONCLUSION The JMC-CDs may have great potentials in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ziwei Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fang Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Juan Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huihua Qu
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Chen J, Chen L, Li M, Sun Y. Quantitative determination of six steroid alkaloids by sensitive hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetic study in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4377. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Chen
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants; Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences; Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Lixue Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Material; Jilin Agricultural University; Changchun Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Meijia Li
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants; Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences; Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Yinshi Sun
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants; Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences; Changchun People's Republic of China
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Aalikhani Pour M, Sardari S, Eslamifar A, Rezvani M, Azhar A, Nazari M. Evaluating the anticoagulant effect of medicinal plants in vitro by cheminformatics methods. J Herb Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Saito MS, Lourenço AL, Kang HC, Rodrigues CR, Cabral LM, Castro HC, Satlher PC. New approaches in tail-bleeding assay in mice: improving an important method for designing new anti-thrombotic agents. Int J Exp Pathol 2016; 97:285-92. [PMID: 27377432 PMCID: PMC4960579 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes a modified, simple, low-cost and more sensitive method to determine bleeding patterns and haemoglobin concentration in a tail-bleeding assay using BALB/c mice and tail tip amputation. The cut tail was immersed in Drabkin's reagent to promote erythrocyte lysis and haemoglobin release, which was monitored over 30 min. The operator was blinded to individual conditions of the mice, which were treated with either saline (NaCl 0.15m), DMSO (0.5%) or clinical anti-thrombotic drugs. Our experimental protocols showed good reproducibility and repeatability of results when using Drabkin's reagent than water. Thus, the use of Drabkin's reagent offered a simple and low-cost method to observe and quantify the bleeding and rebleeding episodes. We also observed the bleeding pattern and total haemoglobin loss using untreated animals or those under anti-coagulant therapy in order to validate the new Drabkin method and thus confirm that it is a useful protocol to quantify haemoglobin concentrations in tail-bleeding assay. This modified method provided a more accurate results for bleeding patterns in mice and for identifying new anti-thrombotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Seidy Saito
- Laboratório de Antibióticos Bioquímica Ensino e Modelagem Molecular (LABiEMol) - Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia (PPG-UFF) - Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Lourenço
- Laboratório de Antibióticos Bioquímica Ensino e Modelagem Molecular (LABiEMol) - Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia (PPG-UFF) - Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Hye Chung Kang
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia (PPG-UFF) - Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rangel Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e QSAR (ModMolQSAR) - Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucio Mendes Cabral
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Industrial Farmacêutica (LabTIF) - Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helena Carla Castro
- Laboratório de Antibióticos Bioquímica Ensino e Modelagem Molecular (LABiEMol) - Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Plínio Cunha Satlher
- Laboratório de Antibióticos Bioquímica Ensino e Modelagem Molecular (LABiEMol) - Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Industrial Farmacêutica (LabTIF) - Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Chen Y, Yu H, Wu H, Pan Y, Wang K, Liu L, Jin Y, Zhang C. A Novel Reduplicate Strategy for Tracing Hemostatic Compounds from Heating Products of the Flavonoid Extract in Platycladi cacumen by Spectrum-Effect Relationships and Column Chromatography. Molecules 2015; 20:16970-86. [PMID: 26393545 PMCID: PMC6332512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platycladi cacumen and its processed product have been utilized as a Chinese medicine to treat hemorrhages. In this study, the base peak chromatogram fingerprints of heating products of total flavonoids in Platycladi cacumen were established by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS/MS), and the hemostatic activities were studied by hemostatic screening tests in vivo. The spectrum-effect relationships between fingerprints and hemostatic activities were analyzed by using canonical correlation analysis to trace the peaks responsible for the significant hemostatic effects. Peak 10 and peak 12 were correlated most closely, thus probably being the main hemostatic compounds. To confirm the reliability of this strategy, the targeted unknown peak was obtained by bioactivity-guided isolation, characterized by MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and 2D-NMR spectroscopies, and referred to as cecarbon as a new compound. In addition, the isolated compound exhibited hemostatic effect in a dose-dependent manner with different potencies in vitro and existed in Platycladi cacumen Carbonisatus. A novel dereplication strategy was employed to trace and identify the active compounds of other herbs that have bioactivity enhancement after processing using spectrum–effect relationships and column chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Chen
- School of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hongli Yu
- School of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- School of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yaozong Pan
- School of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Kuilong Wang
- School of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Liping Liu
- School of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yangping Jin
- School of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chengchao Zhang
- School of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Jin WY, Kim SH, Kim HK, Jang DG, Nam JB, Kang YM, Hwang BY, Kim DS. Antiplatelet and antithrombotic effect of Phyllostachys pubescens leaves and Mume Fructus combination. Integr Med Res 2013; 2:70-75. [PMID: 28664057 PMCID: PMC5481669 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Agents currently used for the treatment and prevention of thrombosis have a number of side effects. We conducted this study to develop antithrombotic agents from herbs that are used in food. Methods The 80% (v/v) ethanol extracts of Phyllostachys pubescens leaf (PL) and Mume Fructus (MF) and their combinations—2:1 (PM21), 1:1 (PM11), and 1:2 (PM12)—were evaluated on rat platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in vitro and on arteriovenous shunt thrombosis after 3 days of oral treatment in rats in vivo. Results At 100 μg/mL, PM21 and PM11 inhibited in vitro ADP-induced aggregation by 44.0 ± 4.3% and 30.0 ± 3.2%, respectively, whereas PL, MF, and PM12 weakly or scarcely inhibited ADP-induced aggregation by 3.9 ± 3.2%, 13.0 ± 2.7%, and 5.2 ± 1.3%, respectively. The IC50 values of PM21 on ADP-, collagen-, and thrombin-induced platelet aggregations were 135.6 ± 7.4 μg/mL, 142.7 ± 5.8 μg/mL, and 186.5 ± 9.7 μg/mL, respectively. In an in vivo rat arteriovenous-shunt thrombosis model, thrombus weight was significantly decreased after the oral administration of 400 mg/kg PL (27.8 ± 3.0%, p < 0.01) or MF (35.2 ± 2.1%, p < 0.01), and with a good accord to the in vitro results, the combination of PL and MF in the ratio of 2:1, PM21 (60.9 ± 1.2%, p < 0.001), showed a superior antithrombotic effect to those of individual extracts. At dosages of 200 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg, PM21 dose-dependently decreased thrombosis weight (ED50, 314 mg/kg). Conclusion These results suggest that combination preparations of PL and MF, especially their 2:1 combination, can increase antiplatelet and antithromboticeffects more than PL and MF alone, offering evidence for a potential novel combination antithrombotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yi Jin
- KOC Biotech Inc., Daejeon 306-791, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 300-716, South Korea
| | - Ho Kyoung Kim
- Basic Herbal Medicine Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, South Korea
| | | | - Jeong Bum Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea
| | - Young Min Kang
- Basic Herbal Medicine Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, South Korea
| | - Bang Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea
| | - Dong-Seon Kim
- Basic Herbal Medicine Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, South Korea
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