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Hridoy HM, Hossain MP, Ali MH, Hasan I, Uddin MB, Alam MT, Kabir SR. Alocasia macrorrhiza rhizome lectin inhibits growth of pathogenic bacteria and human lung cancer cell in vitro and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell in vivo in mice. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 219:106484. [PMID: 38614377 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Cancer and antibiotic resistance represent significant global challenges, affecting public health and healthcare systems worldwide. Lectin, a carbohydrate-binding protein, displays various biological properties, including antimicrobial and anticancer activities. This study focused on anticancer and antibacterial properties of Alocasia macrorrhiza lectin (AML). AML, with a molecular weight of 11.0 ± 1.0 kDa was purified using Ion-exchange chromatography, and the homotetrameric form was detected by gel-filtration chromatography. It agglutinates mouse erythrocytes, that was inhibited by 4-Nitrophenyl-α-d-mannopyranoside. Maximum hemagglutination activity was observed below 60 °C and within a pH range from 8 to 11. Additionally, it exhibited moderate toxicity against brine shrimp nauplii with LD50 values of 321 μg/ml and showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae. In vitro experiments demonstrated that AML suppressed the proliferation of mice Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells by 35 % and human lung cancer (A549) cells by 40 % at 512 μg/ml concentration. In vivo experiments involved intraperitoneal injection of AML in EAC-bearing mice for five consecutive days at doses of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg/day, and the results indicated that AML inhibited EAC cell growth by 37 % and 54 %, respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that AML can be used for further anticancer and antibacterial studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossain Mohammad Hridoy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Pervez Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hasan Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Imtiaj Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Belal Uddin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Taufiq Alam
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Rashel Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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Deng W, Shen L, Zeng J, Gao J, Luo J, Xu J, Wang Y, He X. Antiproliferative piperidine alkaloids from the leaves of Alocasia macrorrhiza. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 222:114069. [PMID: 38548035 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Seventeen piperidine alkaloids, including 15 previously undescribed 2-substituted-6-(9-phenylnonyl)-piperidine-3,4-diol alkaloids and a previously undescribed 2-substituted-6-(9-phenylnonyl)-piperidine-3-ol alkaloid, were isolated from the leaves of Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott. Their planar structures and configurations were elucidated based on HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, Snatzke's method, modified Mosher method, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, as well as quantum chemical calculation. It was found that ΔδH5b-H5a can be used to elucidate the relative configuration of 2,3,4,6-tetrasubstituted piperidine, by analyzing the NMR data of 2-substituted-6-(9-phenylnonyl)-piperidine-3,4-diol. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated for all of the alkaloids, and compounds 6-8 showed considerable inhibitory activity against K562 cell line, with the IC50 values of 17.24 ± 1.62, 19.31 ± 0.9 and 18.77 ± 1.09μM, respectively. Furthermore, compounds 6 and 7 exerted an antiproliferative effect by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liyuan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jianxin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiachun Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yihai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiangjiu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Cordeiro IH, Lima NM, Scherrer EC, Carli GP, Andrade TDJAS, Castro SBR, de Oliveira MAL, Alves CCS, Carli AP. Metabolic profiling by LC-DAD-MS, FTIR, NMR and CE-UV of polyphenols with potential against skin pigmentation disorder. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:1386-1391. [PMID: 34821186 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2005051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In traditional Brazilian medicine, tubers extracts from Alocasia macrorrhizos are widely used in the treatment of skin pigmentation disorder. However, studies that evaluate its benefits in the treatment of this disorder are non-existent. Thus, this work aims to investigate the bioactivity of A. macrorrhizos extracts in cell culture and murine model of Vitiligo and correlating with its phenolic profile. The metabolic profiling from the bioactive extracts was obtained by LC-DAD-MS, FTIR, NMR, and CE-UV. The murine model of Vitiligo was induced with 5% hydroquinone in C57BL/6 male mice, which were treated or not with 100 mg/kg of roasted tuber aqueous extract. In Vitiligo model assay was observed hair follicle repigmentation and reduction of the epidermal layer thickness at the histopathological level, in the animals treated with aqueous extract of roasted tubers. The present study provides new molecular insight and scientific evidence on the potential utility of the extract of A. macrorrhizos against Vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isac H Cordeiro
- Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nerilson M Lima
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elaine C Scherrer
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriela P Carli
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra B R Castro
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Caio Cesar S Alves
- Faculdade de Medicina do Mucuri, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alessandra P Carli
- Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Okasha H, Aboushousha T, Coimbra MA, Cardoso SM, Ghareeb MA. Metabolite Profiling of Alocasia gigantea Leaf Extract and Its Potential Anticancer Effect through Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238504. [PMID: 36500595 PMCID: PMC9740247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a poor-prognosis type of cancer with high resistance to chemotherapy, making the search for safe drugs a mandatory issue. Plant-derived products have potential to reduce negative side effects of cancer treatments. In this work, ability of a defatted methanolic extract of Alocasia gigantea leaves to fight HCC was evaluated in an animal model. Overall, treatment of HCC-induced mice with the methanolic extract at 150 mg/kg body weight for four consecutive weeks caused induction of autophagy through silencing of the relative expression of autophagy suppressor (mTOR) and inducement of autophagy markers (AMPK, Beclin-1, and LC-3). Moreover, it improved preservation of the hepatic histological architecture of the animals, with minor hepatocytic changes but scattered foci of hepatocytic apoptosis. Chemical profiling of the methanolic extract via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and an electrospray mass spectrometer (UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) allowed identification of di-C-glycosyl flavones, mostly represented by 6-C-hexosyl-8-C-pentosyl apigenin isomers, which may possibly be associated with inducement of the autophagy pathway in HCC. Overall, these outcomes gave an initial visualization of the operative effect of some compounds in A. gigantea leaves that are potential treatment for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Okasha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, P.O. Box 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Tarek Aboushousha
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, P.O. Box 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Manuel A. Coimbra
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana M. Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.M.C.); (M.A.G.); Tel.: +351-234-370-360 (S.M.C.); +20-(02)-01012346834 (M.A.G.); Fax: +351-234-370-084 (S.M.C.); +20-(02)-35408125 (M.A.G.)
| | - Mosad A. Ghareeb
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, P.O. Box 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.M.C.); (M.A.G.); Tel.: +351-234-370-360 (S.M.C.); +20-(02)-01012346834 (M.A.G.); Fax: +351-234-370-084 (S.M.C.); +20-(02)-35408125 (M.A.G.)
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Yuvali G, Onbasli D. Cytotoxicity of Sarcosphaera crassa and Tricholoma terreum extracts on colon cancer cell line (HT-29) in conjunction with their antioxidant properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:2286-2297. [PMID: 34292102 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1955094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Sarcosphaera crassa and Tricholoma terreum extracts. Phenolic compounds analysis of both mushroom extracts has been carried out by HPLC. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were tested by using in vitro assays. The cytotoxicity of extracts on HT-29 cell line were determined by the WST assay. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of T. terreum extracts were higher than those S. crassa. Also, we detected that T. terreum extracts had higher total antioxidant activity and scavenging ability on DPPH radicals than S. crassa extracts. However, the T. terreum methanol extracts showed 27% cytotoxic effect in HT-29 cell line whereas the ethanolic extracts of S. crassa showed cytotoxicity 45%. These results indicate that both mushroom extracts have considerable cytotoxic and antioxidant properties and may be utilized as a promising source of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokcen Yuvali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Dilsad Onbasli
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Antiproliferative piperidine alkaloids from giant taro (Alocasia macrorrhiza). Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:541-550. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Arbain D, Sinaga LMR, Taher M, Susanti D, Zakaria ZA, Khotib J. Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Alocasia Species: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:849704. [PMID: 35685633 PMCID: PMC9170998 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.849704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Alocasia (Schott) G. Don consists of 113 species distributed across Asia, Southeast Asia, and Australia. Alocasia plants grow in tropical and subtropical forests with humid lowlands. Featuring their large green heart-shaped or arrow-shaped ear leaves and occasionally red-orange fruit, they are very popular ornamental plants and are widely used as traditional medicines to treat various diseases such as jaundice, snake bite, boils, and diabetes. This manuscript critically analysed the distribution, traditional uses, and phytochemical contents of 96 species of Alocasia. The numerous biological activities of Alocasia species were also presented, which include anti-cancer, antidiabetic and antihyperglycaemic, antioxidant, antidiarrhoea, antimicrobial and antifungal, antiparasitic (antiprotozoal and anthelminthic), antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory, brine shrimp lethality, hepatoprotective, anti-hemagglutinin, anti-constipation and diuretic, and radioprotective activities as well as acute toxicity studies. Research articles were acquired by the accessing three scientific databases comprising PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. For this review, specific information was obtained using the general search term "Alocasia", followed by the "plant species names" and "phytochemical" or "bioactivity" or "pharmacological activity". The accepted authority of the plant species was referred from theplantlist.org. Scientific studies have revealed that the genus is mainly scattered throughout Asia. It has broad traditional benefits, which have been associated with various biological properties such as cytotoxic, antihyperglycaemic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory. Alocasia species exhibit diverse biological activities that are very useful for medical treatment. The genus Alocasia was reported to be able to produce a strong and high-quality anti-cancer compound, namely alocasgenoside B, although information on this compound is currently limited. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to further explore the relevant use of natural compounds present in the genus Alocasia, particularly as an anti-cancer agent. With only a few Alocasia species that have been scientifically studied so far, more attention and effort is required to establish the link between traditional uses, active compounds, and pharmacological activities of various species of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayar Arbain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Muhammad Taher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
- Pharmaceutics and Translational Research Group, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Deny Susanti
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Junaidi Khotib
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Wu RA, Ding Q, Lu H, Tan H, Sun N, Wang K, He R, Luo L, Ma H, Li Z. Caspase 3-mediated cytotoxicity of mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) oil extract against human hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112438. [PMID: 31816367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mealworm larvae (MWL) (Tenebrio molitor) have been traditionally used in Asian countries for the treatment of liver diseases, including cancer. However, to date, there is marginal information on the mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity of MWL oil. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to determine the in vitro effect of MWL oil on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells growth in order to produce insect-derived chemotherapeutic agents against cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS MWL oil was extracted, and its effects on cancer cells growth were investigated, by the MTT reduction, AO/EB staining, Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining, apoptosis, comet, and caspase activity assays. RESULTS MWL oil inhibited HepG2 and Caco-2 growth, with IC50 (48 h) values of 0.98% for HepG2 and 0.37% for Caco-2 cells. In addition, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that 24 h-MWL oil treatment increased early and late apoptosis from 0.04% to 39.77% and from 2.06% to 74.34% on HepG2 and Caco-2 cells, respectively. The mechanism of apoptosis was associated with the death receptor pathway by the activation of caspases -8, -9, and -3, and correlated to its fatty acids action. CONCLUSION Results of this study demonstrated the potential of MWL oil in the development of natural anticancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Qingzhi Ding
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Huijia Lu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Haochen Tan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Nianzhen Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ronghai He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Lin Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Zhikun Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
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Fang M, Zhu D, Luo C, Li C, Zhu C, Ou J, Li H, Zhou Y, Huo C, Liu W, Peng J, Peng Q, Mo Z. In vitro and in vivo anti-malignant melanoma activity of Alocasia cucullata via modulation of the phosphatase and tensin homolog/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 213:359-365. [PMID: 29180042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Alocasia cucullata, a Chinese herb, has been used as an anticancer treatment in southern China. Phosphatase and tensin (PTEN), is a tumor suppressor gene and the loss of PTEN expression may activate the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway which play a key role in tumors formation and progression. In this study, we evaluated the anti-melanoma effect and the underlying mechanism of 50% ethanolic extract of A. cucullata (EAC) in vitro and in vivo. Using MTT, wound healing, and transwell assays, we found that EAC suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of melanoma cells (B16-F10, A375 and A2058) in a dose-dependent manner. We also found that EAC suppresses B16-F10 tumor growth in a xenografted mouse model. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression level of PTEN was up-regulated, and phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT reduced in B16-F10 cells and tumor tissues after EAC treatment. No significant differences were observed in PI3K and AKT expression. Moreover, immunohistochemistry showed that the number of PTEN-positive cells in tumor tissues increased and that of p-AKT-positive cells decreased with EAC treatment, corroborating the western blot results. Our data reveal that EAC can inhibit malignant melanoma in vitro and in vivo and suggest that its anti-tumor effect is associated with modulation of the PTEN/ PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In summary, our findings highlight a promising herbal remedy for the treatment of malignant melanoma, which warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Fang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1063 Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Daoqi Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1063 Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Chaohua Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1063 Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Chan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1063 Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Chen Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1063 Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Jinying Ou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1063 Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Hancheng Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1063 Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Yuting Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1063 Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Chuying Huo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1063 Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1063 Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Jiangli Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Qiuxian Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Zhixian Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1063 Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Wang F, Wu Y, Xie X, Sun J, Chen W. Essential role of nuclear receptors for the evaluation of the benefits of bioactive herbal extracts on liver function. Pharmacotherapy 2018; 99:798-809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Herein is reported a synthesis of alocasin A (1), an alkaloid component of Alocasia macrorrhiza, a herbaceous plant used in folk medicine throughout southern Asia. A double Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction between a 3-borylindole and 2,5-dibromopyrazine was used to assemble the heteroaromatic framework of the natural product. Removal of the protecting groups gave a synthetic sample of 1, the spectroscopic data of which matched those in the isolation report of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hun Kim
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland , 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Sperry
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland , 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Wei P, Zhiyu C, Xu T, Xiangwei Z. Antitumor effect and apoptosis induction of Alocasia cucullata (Lour.) G. Don in human gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:33. [PMID: 25888009 PMCID: PMC4357226 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Alocasia cucullata (Lour.) G. Don was applied in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cancer in Chinese Southwest area. Its antitumor effect was scrutinized in vitro and in vivo. And for the first time, the mechanism of extract of A. cucullata (EAC) against human gastric cancer cell was well examined. Methods To detect the most effective fraction, the antiproliferation efficacy of four fractions (namely derivatives by adding EAC to n-BuOH, petroleum ether, EtOAc and water until dissolve fully) against five cancer cell lines were screened by MTT assay. Among four fractions, the IC50s of n-BuOH fraction of EAC (EAC-B) against the five cell lines and time-dependent inhibition to gastric cancer cell line (MGC-803) were further investigated (MTT assay). In vivo antitumor efficacy of EAC-B was examined by MGC-803 bearing tumor nude mice. Especially, the paper focused on the relevant mechanism study of EAC-B against MGC-803 included cell cycle distribution (flow cytometry) and cyclin D1 expression (RT-PCR and western blot), apoptosis (Hoechst 33342 stain and flow cytometry), apoptosis-related protein expression (Akt, p-Akt, ERK, p-ERK, Bcl-2, Bax) by western blot, and caspase3/7 activity assay. Results EAC-B showed its cytotoxicity against various tumor cell lines, particularly against gastric cancer cells with IC50 value of 18.8 μg/mL in vitro. Tumor weight was significantly reduced by EAC-B in vivo. In the mechanism study, EAC-B increased cell ratio at G0/G1 phase and reduced cyclin D1 expression both at protein and mRNA level on MGC-803. Chromatin condensation and apoptosis were also observed. EAC-B down-regulated p-Akt, p-ERK expression and up-regulated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Further, caspase 3/7 activation was enhanced as well. Conclusions This study demonstrated that EAC-B had potent antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. Its mechanism is primarily via antiproliferation of G0/G1 arrest and cell pro-apoptosis, including PI-3 K/Akt pathway, ERK activity, stimulated cytochrome C release and caspase 3/7 activity accompanied with an increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. EAC-B may be a potential source of novel compounds for gastric cancer treatment.
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Ye B, Li J, Li Z, Yang J, Niu T, Wang S. Anti-tumor activity and relative mechanism of ethanolic extract of Marsdenia tenacissima (Asclepiadaceae) against human hematologic neoplasm in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:258-67. [PMID: 24583069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Marsdenia tenacissima, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, endemic to Yunnan Province is widely used to treat cough, asthma, expectorant, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo anti-hematologic neoplasm potential of the ethanolic extract of this herb (crude ethanolic extract of Marsdenia tenacissima, CME) and by using different assays to elucidate its possible mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxicity of CME on tumor cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was evaluated using MTT and apoptosis assays. We also tested the effect of CME on colony formation inhibition and cell cycle distribution of tumor cells. The protein expressions of Cyclin D1, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were detected through Western blotting. In vivo anti-tumor effect was evaluated by measuring tumor volume changes, measuring tumor weight, evaluation of tumor microvessel density (MVD) and TUNEL staining by using immunohistochemistry staining in tumor models of nude mice. RESULTS Marsdenia tenacissima ethanolic extract exhibited effects of proliferation inhibition and induction of apoptosis on human hematologic neoplasm tumor cells in vitro, as well as hematologic neoplasm growth in vivo. CONCLUSION This study clearly indicated that the ethanolic extract of Marsdenia tenacissima displayed strong anti-tumor effects against hematologic neoplasm cells and could induce tumor cells apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, and also had a significant anti-angiogenic effect in vivo against tumor cell apoptosis. Its multi-mechanism of action might be associated with the cell cycle (G0/G1) arrest, induction of apoptosis through up-regulation protein expressions of Bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3 genes and down-regulation of the expressions of Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 genes, a decrease in tumor microvessel density and an increase of TUNEL-positive cells in vivo. These findings provided the molecular theoretical basis of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengui Ye
- Department of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Hematology & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXueXiang Street, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China.
| | - Zu Li
- Department of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China.
| | - Jinrong Yang
- Department of Hematology & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXueXiang Street, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China.
| | - Ting Niu
- Department of Hematology & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXueXiang Street, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China.
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China.
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Feng L, Chen Y, Yuan L, Liu X, Gu JF, Zhang MH, Wang Y. A combination of alkaloids and triterpenes of Alstonia scholaris (Linn.) R. Br. leaves enhances immunomodulatory activity in C57BL/6 mice and induces apoptosis in the A549 cell line. Molecules 2013; 18:13920-39. [PMID: 24225772 PMCID: PMC6270173 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181113920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the induction of apoptosis and the immunomodulatory activities of alkaloids and triterpenes of Alstonia scholaris (Linn.) R. Br. leaves (ASL). Importantly, their possible synergistic properties were also explored in this study. Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and Lewis tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice were used for the evaluation of their activities. A MTT assay was used to determine the proliferation inhibition in A549 cells. Annexin-V/PI double staining as well as flow cytometry was performed to detect apoptosis and cell cycle status. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to determine the levels of inflammatory mediators interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum. Furthermore, western blot analysis was applied to evaluate the expressions of proteins associated with cell death. Alkaloids or triterpenes showed a high anti-proliferative activity in A549 cells, with IC50 values of 14.4 µg/mL and 9.3 µg/mL, respectively. The alkaloids and triterpenes combination could significantly inhibit tumor growth in tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice, compared with alkaloids or triterpenes alone (7.5, 15, 30 g raw material/kg). The immune organs indexes including spleen index and thymus index were increased remarkably by the combination of alkaloids and triterpenes, whereas the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were up-regulated significantly. Moreover, Annexin-V/PI double staining and flow cytometry showed that the combination of alkaloids and triterpenes (1, 2 and 3 mg raw material/kg) could induce apoptosis and cause S cell cycle arrest in A549 cells. Western blot analysis also showed that their combination (2 mg raw material/kg) significantly down-regulated Bcl-2 expression and pro-casp8 level, whereas it remarkably increased the level of cleaved caspase-8 leading to apoptosis in A549 cells. These observations provide preliminary evidence that both alkaloids and triterpenes possess immune regulation and induction apoptosis activities. Their combination has a stronger activity than that of either class alone. Our findings suggested that these components might be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of NSCLC through a significant synergy effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Feng
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China.
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Feng L, Yuan L, Du M, Chen Y, Zhang MH, Gu JF, He JJ, Wang Y, Cao W. Anti-lung cancer activity through enhancement of immunomodulation and induction of cell apoptosis of total triterpenes extracted from Ganoderma luncidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst. Molecules 2013; 18:9966-81. [PMID: 23966082 PMCID: PMC6270046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18089966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma luncidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst. (GLK) has been used traditionally for the prevention and treatment of cancers or tumors for a long time in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The triterpenes as main effective components of GLK have been found to be beneficial for the efficacy. The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-lung cancer activity of triterpenes of GLK in vitro and in vivo and to explore their anti-lung cancer effects and potential mechanisms. A549 cells and Lewis tumor-bearing mice were used to evaluate the inhibition effects of triterpenes on cell proliferation and tumor growth. The IC50 of triterpenes of GLK on A549 cells was 24.63 μg/mL. Triterpenes of GLK could significantly inhibit tumor growth in mice (30, 60 and 120 mg/kg). The immune organs indexes including spleen and thymus were increased remarkedly by the treatment with triterpenes. Moreover, they were able to stimulate the immune response by increasing the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that cell arrest caused by triterpenes treatment (7.5, 15 and 30 μg/mL) was in the G2/M phase in A549 cells. Triterpenes induced apoptosis by decreasing the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and pro-caspase 9 and increasing the levels of cleaved-caspase 9. Our findings suggested that the triterpenes of GLK have anti-lung cancer activity in vitro and in vivo via enhancement of immunomodulation and induction of cell apoptosis. The study provides insights into the mechanism of GLK in the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Feng
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China.
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