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LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and NMR Analysis of Conifer Wood Specialized Metabolites. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203332. [PMID: 36291197 PMCID: PMC9600761 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many species from the Pinaceae family have been recognized as a rich source of lignans, flavonoids, and other polyphenolics. The great common occurrence of conifers in Europe, as well as their use in the wood industry, makes both plant material and industrial waste material easily accessible and inexpensive. This is a promising prognosis for both discovery of new active compounds as well as for finding new applications for wood and its industry waste products. This study aimed to analyze and phytochemically profile 13 wood extracts of the Pinaceae family species, endemic or introduced in Polish flora, using the LC-DAD–ESI-MS/MS method and compare their respective metabolite profiles. Branch wood methanolic extracts were phytochemically profiled. Lignans, stilbenes, flavonoids, diterpenes, procyanidins, and other compounds were detected, with a considerable variety of chemical content among distinct species. Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.) branch wood was the most abundant source of stilbenes, European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) mostly contained flavonoids, while silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) was rich in lignans. Furthermore, 10 lignans were isolated from the studied material. Our findings confirm that wood industry waste materials, such as conifer branches, can be a potent source of different phytochemicals, with the plant matrix being relatively simple, facilitating future isolation of target compounds.
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Patyra A, Kołtun-Jasion M, Jakubiak O, Kiss AK. Extraction Techniques and Analytical Methods for Isolation and Characterization of Lignans. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172323. [PMID: 36079704 PMCID: PMC9460740 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lignans are a group of natural polyphenols present in medicinal plants and in plants which are a part of the human diet for which more and more pharmacological activities, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and cytoprotective, are being reported. However, it is their cytotoxic activities that are best understood and which have shed light on this group. Two anticancer drugs, etoposide, and teniposide, were derived from a potent cytotoxic agent—podophyllotoxin from the roots of Podophyllum peltatum. The evidence from clinical and observational studies suggests that human microbiota metabolites (enterolactone, enterodiol) of dietary lignans (secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, lariciresinol, matairesinol, syringaresinol, medioresinol, and sesamin) are associated with a reduced risk of some hormone-dependent cancers. The biological in vitro, pharmacological in vivo investigations, and clinical studies demand significant amounts of pure compounds, as well as the use of well-defined and standardized extracts. That is why proper extract preparation, optimization of lignan extraction, and identification are crucial steps in the development of lignan use in medicine. This review focuses on lignan extraction, purification, fractionation, separation, and isolation methods, as well as on chromatographic, spectrometric, and spectroscopic techniques for their qualitative and quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Patyra
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.K.K.); Tel.: +48-662-11-77-90 (A.P.); +48-511-13-98-03 (A.K.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Kołtun-Jasion
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oktawia Jakubiak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Karolina Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.K.K.); Tel.: +48-662-11-77-90 (A.P.); +48-511-13-98-03 (A.K.K.)
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Arnason JT, Harris CS, Guerrero-Analco JA. Phytochemistry in the Ethnopharmacology of North and Central America. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:815742. [PMID: 35295322 PMCID: PMC8918843 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.815742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally the role of phytochemistry in the ethnopharmacology of North and Central America has been to characterize plant materials so that they can be produced reproducibly for commercial use or to identify active principles in unstudied traditional medicines for drug discovery. With new decolonial objectives coming from Indigenous communities, emphasis has shifted to evaluating the safety and efficacy of traditional medicines and preparations for community use. With new techniques and technologies available, scientific focus has shifted from individual bioactives to more rapid and comprehensive chemical characterizations and polypharmacy of traditional medicines. Untargeted metabolomics and associated statistical treatments have greatly expanded identification of components, improved species and cultivar identification and provided means for identifying multiple activity biomarkers, via chemometric and biochemometric analysis. New integrated techniques are available for identifying multiple active principles and synergists. The recent explosion of information is not without problems that need to be addressed including many unconfirmed tentative identifications of phytochemicals, lack of quantitative testing, superficial chemical activity testing and continuing need for dereplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Thor Arnason
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: John Thor Arnason,
| | - Cory S. Harris
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Nurcahyanti ADR, Jap A, Lady J, Prismawan D, Sharopov F, Daoud R, Wink M, Sobeh M. Function of selected natural antidiabetic compounds with potential against cancer via modulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR cascade. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112138. [PMID: 34750026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder with growing global incidence, as 387 million people were diagnosed in 2014 with an expected projection of 642 million in 2040. Several complications are associated with DM including heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, blindness, and cancer. The latter is the second leading cause of death worldwide accounting for one in every six deaths, with liver, pancreas, and endometrium cancers are the most abundant among patients with diabetes. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a vital role in developing a wide array of pathological disorders, among them diabetes and cancer. Natural secondary metabolites that counteract the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulate PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway could be a promising approach in cancer therapy. Here, 717 medicinal plants with antidiabetic activities were highlighted along with 357 bioactive compounds responsible for the antidiabetic activity. Also, 43 individual plant compounds with potential antidiabetic activities against cancer via the modulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade were identified. Taken together, the available data give an insight of the potential of repurposing medicinal plants and/or the individual secondary metabolites with antidiabetic activities for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Dwi Retno Nurcahyanti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Pluit Raya 2, 14440 Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Adeline Jap
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Pluit Raya 2, 14440 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jullietta Lady
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Pluit Raya 2, 14440 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Deka Prismawan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Pluit Raya 2, 14440 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Chinese-Tajik Innovation Center for Natural Products, National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Ayni str. 299/2, 734063, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Rachid Daoud
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBiosciences Research, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben-Guerir, Morocco.
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Jugran AK, Rawat S, Devkota HP, Bhatt ID, Rawal RS. Diabetes and plant-derived natural products: From ethnopharmacological approaches to their potential for modern drug discovery and development. Phytother Res 2020; 35:223-245. [PMID: 32909364 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a disease of serious concern faced by the health care industry today. Primary diabetes mellitus and its complications are still costly to manage with modern drugs. Extensive research on the screening of anti-diabetic agents in past decades established natural products as one of the major potential sources of drug discovery. However, only a few drugs of plant origin have been scientifically validated. Therefore, the development of new anti-diabetic drugs is of great demand. Hence, natural products could be explored as potential anti-diabetic drugs. Natural plants derived extracts and molecules like berberine, ginsenosides, curcumin, stevioside, gingerols, capsaicin, catechins, simple phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, resveratrol, genistein and hesperidin obtained from different species are used for curing diabetes and found to possess different action mechanisms. In this review, the importance of medicinal plants and their active constituents for anti-diabetic agents are described. The present study also emphasized the importance of diabetes control, reduction in its complications and use of the anti-diabetic agents. The detailed action mechanism of these extracts/compounds for their activities are also described. However, the anti-diabetic drugs from plant origin require scientific validation through animal and clinical studies to exploit in terms of modern commercial medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Jugran
- Garhwal Regional Centre, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (NIHE), Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sandeep Rawat
- Sikkim Regional Centre, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (NIHE), Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Hari P Devkota
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Indra D Bhatt
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Management (CBCM), G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (NIHE), Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ranbeer S Rawal
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Management (CBCM), G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (NIHE), Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
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Abstract
:
For decades now, compounds in the cycloartane-type series have been shown to
have versatile pharmacological activities. However, no extensive review has been written
to summarize these health-beneficial activities. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to
systematically highlight the biological activities of these compounds, including their antitumor
and anti-osteoporosis effects, their effects on receptors, cytokine release, and
chronic renal failure, as well as their tyrosinase inhibitory, anticomplement, anti-parasite,
anti-HIV, and antituberculosis activities. In this review, we have summarized the structures
of over 200 compounds based on their characteristics and described their structureactivity
relationships (SARs), and potential mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug, Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences & Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Pharmacy and Medicine Pharmacy, Jiang Su College of Nursing, Huian, 223003, China
| | - Taiming Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Wenmin Xing
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
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Li S, Pasquin S, Eid HM, Gauchat JF, Saleem A, Haddad PS. Anti-apoptotic potential of several antidiabetic medicinal plants of the eastern James Bay Cree pharmacopeia in cultured kidney cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:37. [PMID: 29378549 PMCID: PMC5789738 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Our team has identified 17 Boreal forest species from the traditional pharmacopeia of the Eastern James Bay Cree that presented promising in vitro and in vivo biological activities in the context of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We now screened the 17 plants extracts for potential anti-apoptotic activity in cultured kidney cells and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Methods MDCK (Madin-Darnby Canine Kidney) cell damage was induced by hypertonic medium (700 mOsm/L) in the presence or absence of maximal nontoxic concentrations of each of the 17 plant extracts. After 18 h’ treatment, cells were stained with Annexin V (AnnV) and Propidium iodide (PI) and subjected to flow cytometry to assess the cytoprotective (AnnV−/PI−) and anti-apoptotic (AnnV+/PI−) potential of the 17 plant extracts. We then selected a representative subset of species (most cytoprotective, moderately so or neutral) to measure the activity of caspases 3, 8 and 9. Results Gaultheria hispidula and Abies balsamea are amongst the most powerful cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic plants and appear to exert their modulatory effect primarily by inhibiting caspase 9 in the mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway. Conclusion We conclude that several Cree antidiabetic plants exert anti-apoptotic activity that may be relevant in the context of diabetic nephropathy (DN) that affects a significant proportion of Cree diabetics.
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Yong Y, Saleem A, Guerrero-Analco JA, Haddad PS, Cuerrier A, Arnason JT, Harris CS, Johns T. Larix laricina bark, a traditional medicine used by the Cree of Eeyou Istchee: Antioxidant constituents and in vitro permeability across Caco-2 cell monolayers. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:651-657. [PMID: 27773798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Larix laricina, a native tree of North America, is a highly respected medicinal plant used for generations by Indigenous Peoples across its range, including the Cree of northern Québec who use the bark to treat symptoms of diabetes. This study investigates the antioxidant capacity and bioavailability of active constituents identified in L. laricina bark extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS (1) Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay was employed to test antioxidant capacity of organic extracts (80% ethanol) from bark of L. laricina as well as fractions, isolated compounds, and media samples collected during permeability assays. (2) Caco-2 cell monolayer cultures were used to determine the permeability of identified antioxidants, which were quantified in basolateral media samples using liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). RESULTS Crude ethanolic extract possessed strong antioxidant potential in vitro (7.1±0.3 Trolox equivalents (TE) μM/mg). Among the 16 L. laricina fractions obtained by chromatographic separation, fraction 10 (F10) showed the highest antioxidant capacity (21.8±1.7µm TE/mg). Among other identified antioxidants, the stilbene rhaponticin (isolated from F10) was the most potent (24.6±1.1µm TE/mg). Caco-2 transport studies revealed that none of the identified compounds were detectable in basolateral samples after 2-h treatment with crude extract. In monolayers treated with F10 (60% rhaponticin), small quantities of rhaponticin were increasingly detected over time in basolateral samples with an apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of 1.86×10-8cm/s (0-60min). To model potential effects on blood redox status, we evaluated the antioxidant capacity of collected basolateral samples and observed enhanced activity over time after exposure to both extract and F10 (75μg/mL) relative to control. CONCLUSIONS By profiling the antioxidant constituents of L. laricina bark, we identified rhaponticin as the most potent oxygen radical scavenger and observed low permeability in Caco-2 cell monolayers but an increase in basolateral antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yong
- Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9
| | - Ammar Saleem
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6C5
| | | | - Pierre S Haddad
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Postal Station, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Alain Cuerrier
- Jardin botanique de Montréal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H1X 2B2
| | - John T Arnason
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6C5
| | - Cory S Harris
- Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9; Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6C5.
| | - Tim Johns
- Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9
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Bailie A, Renaut S, Ubalijoro E, Guerrero-Analco JA, Saleem A, Haddad P, Arnason JT, Johns T, Cuerrier A. Phytogeographic and genetic variation in Sorbus, a traditional antidiabetic medicine-adaptation in action in both a plant and a discipline. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2645. [PMID: 27833811 PMCID: PMC5101603 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mountain ash (Sorbus decora and S. americana) is used by the Cree Nation of the James Bay region of Quebec (Eeyou Istchee) as traditional medicine. Its potential as an antidiabetic medicine is thought to vary across its geographical range, yet little is known about the factors that affect its antioxidant capacity. Here, we examined metabolite gene expression in relation to antioxidant activity, linking phytochemistry and medicinal potential. Samples of leaf and bark from S. decora and S. americana were collected from 20 populations at four different latitudes. Two genes known to produce antidiabetic substances, flavonol synthase and squalene synthase, were analyzed using quantitative real time PCR. Gene expression was significantly higher for flavonol synthase compared to squalene synthase and increased in the most Northern latitude. Corresponding differences observed in the antioxidant capacity of ethanolic extracts from the bark of Sorbus spp. confirm that plants at higher latitudes increase production of stress-induced secondary metabolites and support Aboriginal perceptions of their higher medicinal potential. Modern genetic techniques such as quantitative real time PCR offer unprecedented resolution to substantiate and scrutinise Aboriginal medicinal plant perception. Furthermore, it offers valuable insights into how environmental stress can trigger an adaptive response resulting in the accumulation of secondary metabolites with human medicinal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bailie
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada; Jardin Botanique de Montréal, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sebastien Renaut
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Eliane Ubalijoro
- Institute for the Study of International Development, McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - José A Guerrero-Analco
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Ammar Saleem
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada
| | - Pierre Haddad
- Département de Pharmacologie, University of Montreal , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - John T Arnason
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada
| | - Timothy Johns
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada; School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Cuerrier
- Jardin Botanique de Montréal, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale , Montreal , QC , Canada
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Wang Z, Zhao Z, Abou-Zaid MM, Arnason JT, Liu R, Walshe-Roussel B, Waye A, Liu S, Saleem A, Cáceres LA, Wei Q, Scott IM. Inhibition of insect glutathione S-transferase (GST) by conifer extracts. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 87:234-249. [PMID: 25270601 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide synergists biochemically inhibit insect metabolic enzyme activity and are used both to increase the effectiveness of insecticides and as a diagnostic tool for resistance mechanisms. Considerable attention has been focused on identifying new synergists from phytochemicals with recognized biological activities, specifically enzyme inhibition. Jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP.), balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), and tamarack larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch) have been used by native Canadians as traditional medicine, specifically for the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties based on enzyme inhibitory activity. To identify the potential allelochemicals with synergistic activity, ethanol crude extracts and methanol/water fractions were separated by Sephadex LH-20 chromatographic column and tested for in vitro glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibition activity using insecticide-resistant Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) midgut and fat-body homogenate. The fractions showing similar activity were combined and analyzed by ultra pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A lignan, (+)-lariciresinol 9'-p-coumarate, was identified from P. mariana cone extracts, and L. laricina and A. balsamea bark extracts. A flavonoid, taxifolin, was identified from P. mariana and P. banksiana cone extracts and L. laricina bark extracts. Both compounds inhibit GST activity with taxifolin showing greater activity compared to (+)-lariciresinol 9'-p-coumarate and the standard GST inhibitor, diethyl maleate. The results suggested that these compounds can be considered as potential new insecticide synergists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
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Comparative analysis of maple syrup to other natural sweeteners and evaluation of their metabolic responses in healthy rats. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Mechanisms of Action of Indigenous Antidiabetic Plants from the Boreal Forest of Northeastern Canada. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/272968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous populations in Canada possess a wealth of native traditional knowledge. However, their rates of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a disease that was unheard of in their midst 50 years ago, are the highest in the country. In an effort to cut the impact of T2DM epidemic on Indigenous health, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research funded the “CIHR Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic Medicines (CIHR-TAAM).” The goal was to explore Boreal forest medicinal plants stemming from Indigenous Traditional Medicine to be included in T2DM care. Six out of nine communities of the Cree of Eeyou Istchee (CEI) participated in ethnobotanical studies that resulted in the identification of 17 potential antidiabetic plant species. These species were screened for antidiabetic activities using a platform of in vitro bioassays and in vivo models of T2DM. This paper summarizes results on the 10 most promising plant species, their active constituents, and the mechanisms behind their antidiabetic activities. In addition, potential herb-drug interactions were examined at the level of drug-metabolizing enzymes, notably the cytochrome P450 family. This review serves as a canvas onto which is discussed the value of Indigenous medicinal plants, future avenues of research, and the ethical approach required in this field.
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Cieniak C, Liu R, Fottinger A, Smiley SAM, Guerrero-Analco JA, Bennett SAL, Haddad PS, Cuerrier A, Saleem A, Arnason JT, Foster BC. In vitro inhibition of metabolism but not transport of gliclazide and repaglinide by Cree medicinal plant extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:1087-1095. [PMID: 24184081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Interactions between conventional drug and traditional medicine therapies may potentially affect drug efficacy and increase the potential for adverse reactions. Cree traditional healing is holistic and patients may use medicinal plants simultaneously with the conventional drugs. However, there is limited information that these medicinal plants may interact with drugs and additional mechanistic information is required. In this study, extracts from traditionally used Cree botanicals were assessed for their potential interaction that could alter the disposition of two blood glucose lowering drugs, gliclazide (Diamicron) and repaglinide (Gluconorm) though inhibition of either metabolism or transport across cell membranes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of 17 extracts on metabolism was examined in a human liver microsome assay by HPLC and individual cytochrome P450s 2C9, 2C19, 2C8 and 3A4 in a microplate fluorometric assay. Gliclazide, rhaponticin and its aglycone derivative, rhapontigenin were also examined in the fluorometric assay. The effect on transport was examined with 11 extracts using the intestinal epithelial Caco-2 differentiated cell monolayer model at times up to 180 min. RESULTS Both blood glucose lowering medications, gliclazide and repaglinide traversed the Caco-2 monolayer in a time-dependent manner that was not affected by the Cree plant extracts. Incubation of the Cree plant extracts inhibited CYP2C9, 2C19, 2C8 and 3A4-mediated metabolism, and the formation of four repaglinide metabolites: M4, m/z 451-A, m/z 451-B and the glucuronide of repaglinide in the human liver microsome assay. Gliclazide caused no significant inhibition. Likewise, rhaponticin had little effect on the enzymes causing changes of less than 10% with an exception of 17% inhibition of CYP2C19. By contrast, the aglycone rhapontigenin showed the greatest effects on all CYP-mediated metabolism. Its inhibition ranged from a mean of 58% CYP3A4 inhibition to 89% inhibition of CYP2C9. While rhaponticin and the aglycone did not show significant effects on repaglinide metabolism, they demonstrated inhibition of gliclazide metabolism. The aglycone significantly affected levels of gliclazide and its metabolites. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate that the Cree plant extracts examined have the potential in vitro to cause drug interactions through effects on key metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cieniak
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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Lavoie S, Gauthier C, Legault J, Mercier S, Mshvildadze V, Pichette A. Lanostane- and cycloartane-type triterpenoids from Abies balsamea oleoresin. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:1333-1339. [PMID: 23946828 PMCID: PMC3740800 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical analysis of A. balsamea oleoresin led to the isolation of three new 3,4-seco-lanostane triterpenoids 1-3, one new cycloartane triterpenoid 4 along with fourteen known terpenoids. Structure determinations were based on extensive 1D/2D NMR, IR and MS spectroscopic analyses, and comparison with literature data. The isolated compounds were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxicity against human cell lines (A549, DLD-1, WS1) and their antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Abiesonic acid (6) exhibited weak cytotoxic activity against A549 (IC50 = 22 µM) while compounds 1 and 4 were weakly active against S. aureus (MIC = 25 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Lavoie
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chaire de Recherche sur les Agents Anticancéreux d'Origine Végétale, Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Séparation des Essences Végétales (LASEVE), Département des Sciences Fondamentales, 555 boul. de l'Université, Chicoutimi (Québec) G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Charles Gauthier
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chaire de Recherche sur les Agents Anticancéreux d'Origine Végétale, Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Séparation des Essences Végétales (LASEVE), Département des Sciences Fondamentales, 555 boul. de l'Université, Chicoutimi (Québec) G7H 2B1, Canada.,Université de Poitiers, Institut de Chimie IC2MP, UMR-CNRS 7285, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86022 Poitiers, France
| | - Jean Legault
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chaire de Recherche sur les Agents Anticancéreux d'Origine Végétale, Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Séparation des Essences Végétales (LASEVE), Département des Sciences Fondamentales, 555 boul. de l'Université, Chicoutimi (Québec) G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Sylvain Mercier
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chaire de Recherche sur les Agents Anticancéreux d'Origine Végétale, Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Séparation des Essences Végétales (LASEVE), Département des Sciences Fondamentales, 555 boul. de l'Université, Chicoutimi (Québec) G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Vakhtang Mshvildadze
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chaire de Recherche sur les Agents Anticancéreux d'Origine Végétale, Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Séparation des Essences Végétales (LASEVE), Département des Sciences Fondamentales, 555 boul. de l'Université, Chicoutimi (Québec) G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - André Pichette
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chaire de Recherche sur les Agents Anticancéreux d'Origine Végétale, Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Séparation des Essences Végétales (LASEVE), Département des Sciences Fondamentales, 555 boul. de l'Université, Chicoutimi (Québec) G7H 2B1, Canada
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