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Hubbard IC, Thompson JS, Else KJ, Shears RK. Another decade of Trichuris muris research: An update and application of key discoveries. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2023; 121:1-63. [PMID: 37474238 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The mouse whipworm, Trichuris muris, has been used for over 60 years as a tractable model for human trichuriasis, caused by the related whipworm species, T. trichiura. The history of T. muris research, from the discovery of the parasite in 1761 to understanding the lifecycle and outcome of infection with different doses (high versus low dose infection), as well as the immune mechanisms associated with parasite expulsion and chronic infection have been detailed in an earlier review published in 2013. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of whipworm biology, host-parasite interactions and basic immunology brought about using the T. muris mouse model, focussing on developments from the last decade. In addition to the traditional high/low dose infection models that have formed the mainstay of T. muris research to date, novel models involving trickle (repeated low dose) infection in laboratory mice or infection in wild or semi-wild mice have led to important insights into how immunity develops in situ in a multivariate environment, while the use of novel techniques such as the development of caecal organoids (enabling the study of larval development ex vivo) promise to deliver important insights into host-parasite interactions. In addition, the genome and transcriptome analyses of T. muris and T. trichiura have proven to be invaluable tools, particularly in the context of vaccine development and identification of secreted products including proteins, extracellular vesicles and micro-RNAs, shedding further light on how these parasites communicate with their host and modulate the immune response to promote their own survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella C Hubbard
- Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob S Thompson
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn J Else
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca K Shears
- Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Properties of the Hydroethanolic Extract of the Roots of Vernonia guineensis (Asteraceae). Int J Inflam 2023; 2023:7915367. [PMID: 36909893 PMCID: PMC9995193 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7915367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In traditional Cameroonian medicine, to relieve many inflammations, parts of Vernonia guineensis, are very widely used. This study considered the evaluation of acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory properties of the hydroethanolic extract of the roots of Vernonia guineensis. In an acute toxicity study, 250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg were administered orally to mice in a single dose, and general behavior, adverse effects, and mortality were monitored. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory tests were performed, and then histological, serum, hematological, and oxidative stress parameters have been evaluated. In an acute toxicity, all groups revealed neither mortality nor any significant alteration in behavior; only drowsiness, sedation, and lethargy were observed at 5000 mg/kg. For in vitro tests, the extract inhibited anti-inflammatory activity. In the formalin test, at 250 mg/kg, the extract inhibited edema with a percentage of 56.41% (4th hour) in an acute treatment and 74.44% (10th day). Joint edema was reduced by 67.24% (24th hour) in a single treatment and by 74.25% (7th day) in repeated treatment. The extract caused an increase in red blood cell, hemoglobin, and serum protein levels and reduced the white blood cells as well as the activities of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase. The extract modulated oxidative stress parameters in the brain, spinal cord, liver, and kidneys. The extract protected the joint by reducing the bone and cartilage erosion. The present work highlights the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antianemic properties of the hydroethanolic extract of the roots of Vernonia guineensis, which supports its empirical use in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory pathologies.
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Anthelminthic, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities and FTIR Analyses of Vernonia camporum Stem-Bark. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/3328073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vernonia camporum is used ethnomedicinally to treat diseases such as malaria, fever, hypertension, mouth sores, pains, inflammation, and skin rashes in Africa. This study aims at investigating the biological activities (anthelminthic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial) and separating some of the biologically active components in the methanol crude extract of the stem-bark of Vernonia camporum. Phytochemical screening, anthelminthic (Lumbricus terrestris (earthworm)), anti-inflammatory (egg albumin denaturation), antioxidant (DPPH and H2O2 scavenging and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)), and antimicrobial (agar and broth dilution method) assays were performed on the extracts. Column chromatography and FTIR spectroscopic analysis were employed to separate and analyze the least polar constituents of the methanol extract. The preliminary phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenols, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, phytosterols, proteins and amino acids, phlobatannins, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, and anthocyanins. The extracts (methanol and hexane) showed a higher concentration-dependent anthelminthic activity. The extracts exhibited high concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory activities with IC50 values of 35.83 ± 3.984 and 53.91 ± 5.8413 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values for methanol and hexane extracts in the DPPH assay were 17.70 ± 3.430 and 29.54 ± 1.5437 µg/mL, and those of the H2O2 assay were 243.20 ± 0.1528 and 352.20 ± 12.64 µg/mL, respectively. TAC results for methanol and hexane extracts were recorded as 31.592 ± 1.682 and 30.232 ± 0.445 gAAE/100 g, respectively. The extracts were observed to exhibit antimicrobial activity against test organisms with MICs ranging from 0.1953 to 25.00 mg/mL. Chromatographic separations gave four fractions. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of various functional groups in purified fractions of the methanol extract that confirms the presence of the phytochemicals identified in the screening test. The results indicate that both extracts of V. camporum possess anthelminthic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities supporting the traditional usage of this plant.
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Collins Njonte Wouamba S, Mouthé Happi G, Nguiam Pouofo M, Tchamgoue J, Jouda JB, Longo F, Ndjakou Lenta B, Sewald N, Fogue Kouam S. Antibacterial Flavonoids and Other Compounds from the Aerial Parts of Vernonia guineensis Benth. (Asteraceae). Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000296. [PMID: 32658364 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An extensive phytochemical study of the aerial parts of Vernonia guineensis Benth. (Asteraceae) led to the isolation of a new flavone, vernoguinoflavone and a naturally isolated glycerol ester, eicosanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediyl ester, together with eighteen known secondary metabolites including quercetin, luteolin, vernopicrin, vernomelitensin, β-amyrin, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, lupeol, betulinic acid, β-carotene, a mixture of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol, β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl heptacosanoate, pentacosanoic acid, docosan-1-ol, tritriacontan-1-ol, and heptatriacontan-1-ol. Eleven compounds are reported herein for the first time from this species. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, particularly 1D and 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS and by comparison of their data with those reported in the literature. The crude extract, fractions and some isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Shigella flexineri (NR 518), Salmonella muenchen, Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella typhi (ATCC 19430). All the tested compounds demonstrated inhibitory activities against the tested enteric bacteria with MIC values ranging from 3.12 to 100 μg/ml. Three flavonoids isolated from the most active fraction demonstrated the best bioactivities against Escherichia coli, Salmonella muenchen and Salmonella typhimurium with MIC values ranging from 3.12 to 25 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Collins Njonte Wouamba
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, 'University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 47, 4124, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Gervais Mouthé Happi
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, 'University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 47, 4124, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D-33501, Bielefeld, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College of Bambili, University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, 5112, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Michel Nguiam Pouofo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 47, 4124, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Joseph Tchamgoue
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, 'University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 47, 4124, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, 4124, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jean-Bosco Jouda
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, 'University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 47, 4124, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Frida Longo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 47, 4124, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Bruno Ndjakou Lenta
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, 'University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 47, 4124, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D-33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Simeon Fogue Kouam
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, 'University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 47, 4124, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Mora Vargas JA, Orduña Ortega J, Metzker G, Larrahondo JE, Boscolo M. Natural sucrose esters: Perspectives on the chemical and physiological use of an under investigated chemical class of compounds. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 177:112433. [PMID: 32570051 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present review describes the chemistry and physiological properties of the sucrose esters (SEs) obtained from natural or synthetic pathways, with emphasis on those that have aliphatic and phenylpropanoid substituents on their sucrose moiety. Synthesis, extraction and characterization methods for the SEs and NSEs are discussed in terms of synthetic procedures, separation techniques and spectroscopic methods. The physiological properties are discussed taking into account the nature of the substituent groups and their regiochemistry (position and number of substitutions) on the sucrose moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Andrés Mora Vargas
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Julieth Orduña Ortega
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Universidad Santiago de Cali, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Campus Pampalinda, Santiago de Cali, Colombia.
| | - Gustavo Metzker
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jesus Eliecer Larrahondo
- Universidad Santiago de Cali, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Campus Pampalinda, Santiago de Cali, Colombia.
| | - Mauricio Boscolo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Vernoguinamide: A new ceramide and other compounds from the root of Vernonia guineensis Benth. and their chemophenetic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2019.103988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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7
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Arun S, Burawat J, Yannasithinon S, Sukhorum W, Limpongsa A, Iamsaard S. Phyllanthus emblica leaf extract ameliorates testicular damage in rats with chronic stress. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 19:948-959. [PMID: 30507078 PMCID: PMC6305255 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1800362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Stress affects the male reproductive system and can cause sub-fertility or infertility. Although Phyllanthus emblica L. (PE) extract has been shown to have high antioxidant capacity and protective properties in damaged tissue, the preventive effects of PE extract on testicular function from stress-related impairment have never been demonstrated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PE aqueous leaf extract on testicular impairment and protein marker changes in rats suffering from chronic stress. Adult male rats were divided into four groups: a control group, a chronic stress (CS) group, and two groups with CS that received different doses of PE extract (50 or 100 mg/kg body weight (BW)). In the treatment groups, the animals were given PE extract daily before stress induction for 42 consecutive days. Stress was induced through immobilization (4 h/d) followed by forced cold swimming (15 min/d). Sperm quality and the histology of the testes and caudal epididymis were examined, as were levels of serum corticosterone, testosterone, and malondialdehyde (MDA). The expressions of testicular steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) and tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins were investigated using immuno-Western blot analysis, as these proteins are assumed to play important roles in spermatogenesis and androgen synthesis. The results showed that PE (50 mg/kg BW) significantly increased sperm concentration and testosterone levels, while decreasing corticosterone levels, MDA levels, sperm head abnormalities, and acrosome-reacted sperm in CS rats. In addition, PE at both doses was found to diminish testicular histopathology in the CS rats. We also found that 50 mg/kg BW of PE significantly improved StAR protein expression and altered the intensities of some tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in testis. We conclude that PE leaf extract at 50 mg/kg BW can prevent testicular damage in rats with CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supatcharee Arun
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Product, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jaturon Burawat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Wannisa Sukhorum
- School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Akgpol Limpongsa
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Product, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sitthichai Iamsaard
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Product, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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8
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Isolation of berberine tannate using a chromatography activity-guided fractionation from root bark of Berberis hispanica Boiss. & Reut. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1381850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Deardorff K, Ray W, Winterstein E, Brown M, McCornack J, Cardenas-Garcia B, Jones K, McNutt S, Fulkerson S, Ferreira D, Gény C, Chen X, Belofsky G, Dondji B. Phenolic Metabolites of Dalea ornata Affect Both Survival and Motility of the Human Pathogenic Hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2296-303. [PMID: 27584977 PMCID: PMC5260846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hookworms are ubiquitous human parasites, infecting nearly one billion people worldwide, and are the leading cause of anemia and malnutrition in resource-limited countries. Current drug treatments rely on the benzimidazole derivatives albendazole and mebendazole, but there is emerging resistance to these drugs. As part of a larger screening effort, using a hamster-based ex vivo assay, anthelmintic activity toward Ancylostoma ceylanicum was observed in the crude extract of aerial parts of Dalea ornata. These studies have led to the isolation and characterization of phenolic metabolites 1-10. The structures were determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and the absolute configuration of 1 was assigned using electronic circular dichroism data. The new compound, (2S)-8-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-6,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone (1), was weakly active at 7.3 μM, with 17% reduction in survival of the hookworms after 5 days. The rotenoids deguelin (9) and tephrosin (10), predictably perhaps, were the most active, with complete worm mortality observed by day 4 (or earlier) at 6.3 and 6.0 μM, respectively. The effects of 1-10 on hookworm motility and on toxicity to hamster splenocytes were also explored as important measures of treatment potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Deardorff
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
| | - William Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
| | - Eric Winterstein
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
| | - MacKenzie Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
| | - Jocelyn McCornack
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
| | - Brianda Cardenas-Garcia
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
| | - Kiah Jones
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
| | - Sarah McNutt
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
| | - Shannon Fulkerson
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
| | - Daneel Ferreira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, and the Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Charlotte Gény
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Gil Belofsky
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
- Corresponding Authors. Tel: 509-963-2882. Fax: 509-963-1050. . Tel: 509-963-2715. Fax: 509-963-2370.
| | - Blaise Dondji
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
- Corresponding Authors. Tel: 509-963-2882. Fax: 509-963-1050. . Tel: 509-963-2715. Fax: 509-963-2370.
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10
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Belhadj Mostefa M, Abedini A, Voutquenne-Nazabadioko L, Gangloff SC, Kabouche A, Kabouche Z. Abietane diterpenes from the cones of Abies numidica de Lannoy ex Carrière (Pinaceae) and in vitro evaluation of their antimicrobial properties. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:568-571. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1190723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Belhadj Mostefa
- Département de chimie, Laboratoire d’Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (L.O.S.T), Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Amin Abedini
- Groupe Isolement et Structure, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), CNRS UMR 7312, Reims, France
| | | | | | - Ahmed Kabouche
- Département de chimie, Laboratoire d’Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (L.O.S.T), Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Zahia Kabouche
- Département de chimie, Laboratoire d’Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (L.O.S.T), Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
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11
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Guerra-Santos IJ, Rocha JD, Vale CR, Sousa WC, Teles AM, Chen-Chen L, Carvalho S, Bailão EFLC. Vernonanthura polyanthes leaves aqueous extract enhances doxorubicin genotoxicity in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster and presents no antifungal activity against Candida spp. BRAZ J BIOL 2016; 76:928-936. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.04615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Vernonanthura polyanthes (Spreng.) A.J. Vega & Dematt. (Asteraceae), known as “assa-peixe”, has been used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, hemoptysis, persistent cough, internal abscesses, gastric and kidney stone pain. Moreover, some studies demonstrated that species of Genus Vernonia present antifungal activity. Due to the biological relevance of this species, the aim of this study was to investigate the toxic, genotoxic, antigenotoxic and antifungal potential of V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster or against Candida spp. The aqueous extract of the plant showed no toxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic activity in the experimental conditions tested using the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART/wing). However, when the extract was associated with doxorubicin, used in this work as a positive control, the mutagenic potential of doxorubicin was enhanced, increasing the number of mutations in D. melanogaster somatic cells. In the other hand, no inhibitory activity against Candida spp. was observed for V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract using agar-well diffusion assay. More studies are necessary to reveal the components present in the V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract that could contribute to potentiate the doxorubicin genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - E. F. L. C. Bailão
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Brazil
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12
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Antonio CNS, Elnatan BDS, Raquel ODSF. A review on antimicrobial potential of species of the genus Vernonia (Asteraceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2015.5868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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13
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Iamsaard S, Arun S, Burawat J, Sukhorum W, Wattanathorn J, Nualkaew S, Sripanidkulchai B. Phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of Thai-Makham Pom (Phyllanthus emblica L.) aqueous extracts. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 15:405-8. [PMID: 24711362 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1300284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sitthichai Iamsaard
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand
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Babiaka SB, Ntie-Kang F, Lifongo LL, Ndingkokhar B, Mbah JA, Yong JN. The chemistry and bioactivity of Southern African flora I: a bioactivity versus ethnobotanical survey of alkaloid and terpenoid classes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01912e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a whole, the African continent is highly endowed with a huge floral biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smith B. Babiaka
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea
| | - Lydia L. Lifongo
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea
| | - Bakoh Ndingkokhar
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea
| | - James A. Mbah
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea
- Cameroon
| | - Joseph N. Yong
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea
- Cameroon
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15
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From Bench to Bedside: Natural Products and Analogs for the Treatment of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63460-3.00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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16
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The Anti-cancer Activity of Vernonia divaricata Sw against Leukaemia, Breast and Prostate Cancers In Vitro. W INDIAN MED J 2014; 63:285-8. [PMID: 25429469 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2013.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vernonia divaricata is one of five endemic Vernonia species of Jamaica. The ethno-medicinal uses of other species have been established, however, scientific validation of this species has not yet been done and as such this paper is aimed at identifying the anti-cancer activity of V divaricata against leukaemia, breast and prostate cancer cell lines. METHODS Leaves and stems of V divaricata were dried and milled into powder. The crude hexane and methanol extracts of the leaves and stems were obtained and bio-assayed using WST-1 cell proliferation assay against leukaemia, breast and prostate cancer cell lines. RESULTS The crude hexane and methanol extracts of V divaricata were able to significantly retard the growth of the MCF-7 (breast), HL-60 (leukaemia) and the PC-3 (prostate) cancer cell lines. The crude methanol extract of the stem was the strongest, exhibiting anti-proliferation activity with IC50 values of 10.14, 12.63 and 9.894 µg/ml for the HL-60, MCF-7 and PC-3 cancer cell lines, respectively, with the most potent toward prostate cancer. CONCLUSION The medicinal use of V divaricata as an anti-cancer agent was corroborated as the crude hexane and methanol extracts demonstrated potent anti-proliferation activity and as such hold potential for further research and development into a drug to prevent or treat various cancers.
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Abedini A, Roumy V, Mahieux S, Gohari A, Farimani M, Rivière C, Samaillie J, Sahpaz S, Bailleul F, Neut C, Hennebelle T. Antimicrobial activity of selected Iranian medicinal plants against a broad spectrum of pathogenic and drug multiresistant micro-organisms. Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 59:412-21. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Abedini
- Laboratoire Régional de Recherche en Agro-alimentaire et Biotechnologie; Institut Charles Viollette; Lille France
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie; EA 4481 GRIIOT; UFR Pharmacie; Université de Lille 2; Lille France
| | - V. Roumy
- Laboratoire Régional de Recherche en Agro-alimentaire et Biotechnologie; Institut Charles Viollette; Lille France
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie; EA 4481 GRIIOT; UFR Pharmacie; Université de Lille 2; Lille France
| | - S. Mahieux
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie; INSERM U995; UFR Pharmacie; Université de Lille 2; Lille France
| | - A. Gohari
- Medicinal Plants Research Center; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - M.M. Farimani
- Department of Phytochemistry; Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute; G. C., Evin; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran Iran
| | - C. Rivière
- Laboratoire Régional de Recherche en Agro-alimentaire et Biotechnologie; Institut Charles Viollette; Lille France
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie; EA 4481 GRIIOT; UFR Pharmacie; Université de Lille 2; Lille France
| | - J. Samaillie
- Laboratoire Régional de Recherche en Agro-alimentaire et Biotechnologie; Institut Charles Viollette; Lille France
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie; EA 4481 GRIIOT; UFR Pharmacie; Université de Lille 2; Lille France
| | - S. Sahpaz
- Laboratoire Régional de Recherche en Agro-alimentaire et Biotechnologie; Institut Charles Viollette; Lille France
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie; EA 4481 GRIIOT; UFR Pharmacie; Université de Lille 2; Lille France
| | - F. Bailleul
- Laboratoire Régional de Recherche en Agro-alimentaire et Biotechnologie; Institut Charles Viollette; Lille France
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie; EA 4481 GRIIOT; UFR Pharmacie; Université de Lille 2; Lille France
| | - C. Neut
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie; INSERM U995; UFR Pharmacie; Université de Lille 2; Lille France
| | - T. Hennebelle
- Laboratoire Régional de Recherche en Agro-alimentaire et Biotechnologie; Institut Charles Viollette; Lille France
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie; EA 4481 GRIIOT; UFR Pharmacie; Université de Lille 2; Lille France
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Mahamodo S, Rivière C, Neut C, Abedini A, Ranarivelo H, Duhal N, Roumy V, Hennebelle T, Sahpaz S, Lemoine A, Razafimahefa D, Razanamahefa B, Bailleul F, Andriamihaja B. Antimicrobial prenylated benzoylphloroglucinol derivatives and xanthones from the leaves of Garcinia goudotiana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 102:162-168. [PMID: 24690454 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation using antimicrobial assay of the crude acetonic extract of Garcinia goudotiana leaves and of its five partitions led to the isolation of two new prenylated benzoylphloroglucinol derivatives, goudotianone 1 (1) and goudotianone 2 (2), in addition to two known compounds including one xanthone, 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-isoprenylxanthone (3), and one triterpenoid, friedelin (4). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of different spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The crude acetonic extract, the methylene chloride and ethyl acetate partitions, and some tested compounds isolated from this species (1-3) demonstrated selective significant antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria, in particular Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Enterococcus faecalis and Mycobacterium smegmatis. The potential cytotoxic activities of these extracts and compounds were evaluated against human colon carcinoma HT29 and human fetal lung fibroblast MRC5 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Mahamodo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée aux Substances Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, BP 566, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar; Institut Régional de Recherche en Agroalimentaire et Biotechnologie: Charles Viollette, EA1026, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; EA GRIIOT, EA4481, Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, UFR Pharmacie, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Céline Rivière
- Institut Régional de Recherche en Agroalimentaire et Biotechnologie: Charles Viollette, EA1026, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; EA GRIIOT, EA4481, Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, UFR Pharmacie, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Christel Neut
- INSERM U995, UFR Pharmacie, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Amin Abedini
- Institut Régional de Recherche en Agroalimentaire et Biotechnologie: Charles Viollette, EA1026, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; EA GRIIOT, EA4481, Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, UFR Pharmacie, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Nathalie Duhal
- CUMA, UFR Pharmacie, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Roumy
- Institut Régional de Recherche en Agroalimentaire et Biotechnologie: Charles Viollette, EA1026, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; EA GRIIOT, EA4481, Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, UFR Pharmacie, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Thierry Hennebelle
- Institut Régional de Recherche en Agroalimentaire et Biotechnologie: Charles Viollette, EA1026, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; EA GRIIOT, EA4481, Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, UFR Pharmacie, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sevser Sahpaz
- Institut Régional de Recherche en Agroalimentaire et Biotechnologie: Charles Viollette, EA1026, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; EA GRIIOT, EA4481, Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, UFR Pharmacie, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Amélie Lemoine
- EA GRIIOT, EA4481, Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, UFR Pharmacie, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Dorothée Razafimahefa
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée aux Substances Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, BP 566, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Bakonirina Razanamahefa
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée aux Substances Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, BP 566, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - François Bailleul
- Institut Régional de Recherche en Agroalimentaire et Biotechnologie: Charles Viollette, EA1026, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; EA GRIIOT, EA4481, Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, UFR Pharmacie, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bakolinirina Andriamihaja
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée aux Substances Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, BP 566, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
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Toyang NJ, Ateh EN, Davis H, Tane P, Sondengam LB, Bryant J, Verpoorte R. In vivo antiprostate tumor potential of Vernonia guineensis Benth. (Asteraceae) tuber extract (VGDE) and the cytotoxicity of its major compound pentaisovaleryl sucrose. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:724-728. [PMID: 24095832 PMCID: PMC4466115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Vernonia guineensis Benth. (Asteraceae) root decoction is used in folk medicine in Cameroon to treat some ailments including prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to validate the claimed antiprostate cancer activity of Vernonia guineensis Benth. in vivo and to investigate the cytotoxicity of a pentaisovaleryl sucrose isolated from Vernonia guineensis on some cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS A crude dichloromethane extract of Vernonia guineensis (VGDE) was used for this study. For in vivo antiprostate cancer efficacy, nude mice (n=16) were injected subcutaneously with prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Upon the formation of the xenograft tumors, the mice were divided into two equal groups with approximately the same mean tumor volume per group. One group was treated with VGDE orally (500 mg/kg) and the other with a vehicle control for 30 days. Body weight and tumor volumes were measured 2× a week and on the 33rd day, the mice were euthanized and tumors harvested and weighed. For the cytotoxicity study, the WST-1 assay was used to determine the activity of pentaisovaleryl sucrose previously isolated from VGDE. The cancer cell lines used in the cytotoxicity study included breast, colon, leukemia, lung, melanoma, ovarian and prostate. RESULTS Prostate cancer (PC-3) xenograft tumors treated with VGDE showed a significant decrease in tumor size (P=0.0295) compared to control. Pentaisovaleryl sucrose also demonstrated cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values as follows: MDA-MD-231-6.66µM; MCF-7-7.50 µM; HCT116-14.12 µM; A549-5.76 µM; HL60-6.43 µM; A375-8.64 µM; OVCAR3-9.53 µM; Capan1-7.13 µM; Mia-Paca 6.47 µM. CONCLUSION VGDE does possess in vivo activity against prostate tumor and has potential for development into a natural product for the treatment of prostate cancer. This study thus provides preliminary validation for the folk use of Vernonia guineensis against prostate conditions. Further in vivo studies are however required to confirm these results and to understand the mechanism of action of VGDE and the in vivo efficacy of pentaisovaleryl sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngeh J Toyang
- Virgin Botanicals & Biotech Inc., Columbia, MD, USA; Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, MD, USA.
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Toyang NJ, Krause MA, Fairhurst RM, Tane P, Bryant J, Verpoorte R. Antiplasmodial activity of sesquiterpene lactones and a sucrose ester from Vernonia guineensis Benth. (Asteraceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 147:618-621. [PMID: 23542146 PMCID: PMC3654050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aqueous preparations of Vernonia guineensis Benth. (Asteraceae) are used in Cameroonian folk medicine as a general stimulant and to treat various illnesses and conditions including malaria, bacterial infections and helminthic infestations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten gram samples of the leaf and tuber powders of Vernonia guineensis were extracted separately using dichloromethane, methanol and distilled water. The extracts were dried in vacuo and used in bioassays. These extracts and three compounds previously isolated from Vernonia guineensis [vernopicrin (1), vernomelitensin (2) and pentaisovalerylsucrose (3)] were screened for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine (CQ)-sensitive (Hb3) and CQ-resistant (Dd2) Plasmodium falciparum lines. RESULTS Crude extracts and pure compounds from Vernonia guineensis showed antiplasmodial activity against both Hb3 and Dd2. The IC50 values of extracts ranged from 1.64 to 27.2 µg/ml for Hb3 and 1.82-30.0 µg/ml for Dd2; those for compounds 1, 2 and 3 ranged from 0.47 to 1.62 µg/ml (1364-1774 nM) for Hb3 and 0.57-1.50 µg/ml (1644-2332nM) for Dd2. None of the crude extracts or pure compounds was observed to exert toxic effects on the erythrocytes used to cultivate the Plasmodium falciparum lines. CONCLUSION In Cameroonian folk medicine, Vernonia guineensis may be used to treat malaria in part due to the antiplasmodial activity of sesquiterpene lactones (1, 2), a sucrose ester (3) and perhaps other compounds present in crude plant extracts. Exploring the safety and antiplasmodial efficacy of these compounds in vivo requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngeh J Toyang
- Virgin Botanicals & Biotech, Inc., Columbia, MD, USA.
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Toyang NJ, Verpoorte R. A review of the medicinal potentials of plants of the genus Vernonia (Asteraceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:681-723. [PMID: 23395623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Vernonia genus has about one thousand species and members of the genus are widely used as food and medicine. The aim of this review is to analyze published data on the ethnomedicinal, ethnoveterinary and zoopharmacognostic uses of plants of the Vernonia genus. This will help to identify the state of ethnopharmacological knowledge in regard to this genus and to propose future research priorities. MATERIALS AND METHODS The major scientific databases including SciFinder, Sciencedirect, Medline and Google Scholar were queried for information on Vernonia genus using various keyword combinations. The International Plant Name Index was also used to verify the names of species and authors. RESULTS A total of 109 Vernonia species were reported in the literature to have medicinal properties. One hundred and five (105) plants were linked to the treatment or management of 44 human diseases or health conditions. Plants of the genus also feature in ethnoveterinary and zoopharmacognostic practices. A total of 12 vernonia species were identified to be used in ethnoveterinary medicine while 2 species are used in self medication practices by chimpanzees and gorillas. In vitro and in vivo research studies reporting the validation of the medicinal properties of some species were also reviewed. One hundred and three bioactive compounds isolated from various Vernonia species were also identified. Vernonia amygdalina was identified as the most frequently used member of the Vernonia genus. The Vernolides, a class of sesquiterpene lactone were identified as the most studied compounds from the genus and show interesting bioactivity in antiplasmodial, antileishmanial, antischistosomial, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory assays. CONCLUSION On the basis of results from a combination of in vitro and in vivo efficacy and toxicity studies reported, Vernonia amygdalina holds the most promise for development into a nutraceutical against diabetes and malaria while Vernonia cinerea has potential against cancer and inflammatory conditions. Vernolide A is so far the most promising single agent from a Vernonia species that has potential for development into an anticancer agent. The other Vernonia species and isolated compounds require further studies to ascertain their medicinal potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngeh J Toyang
- Virgin Botanicals & Biotech Inc. Columbia, MD, USA; Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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