1
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Chen H, Li SH, Cheng YX. Five anti-inflammatory compounds from the resins of Liquidambar orientalis. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39066681 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2379978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Five undescribed compounds, including a triterpenoid (1), three phenylpropanoids [(±)-2 and 4], and an aromatic compound (3), as well as six known analogues (5-10), were isolated from the resins of Liquidambar orientalis Mill. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were determined by using spectroscopic and computational methods, and the five new compounds displayed anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Ingredients and Gut Microbiomics, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Sheng-Hong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Ingredients and Gut Microbiomics, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Ingredients and Gut Microbiomics, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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2
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Huang S, Cai J, Ma L, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Zhang Q, Qin L. Effects of grafting on chemical constituents, toxicological properties, antithrombotic activity, and myocardial infarction protection of styrax secreted from the trunk of Liquidambar orientalis Mill. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0289894. [PMID: 38181063 PMCID: PMC10769069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Styrax, the balsam refined from the trunk of Liquidambar orientalis Mill. has a variety of applications in the perfumery and medical industry, especially for use in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the resources of styrax are in shortage due to being endangered of this plant. Grafting can improve the adaptability of plants to unfavorable environmental conditions. We tried to graft the L. orientalis Mill. on L. formosana Hance which was widely distributed in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces of China in an attempt to obtain styrax from grafted L. orientalis Mill. (grafted styrax, SG). Whether SG can become an alternative application of commercially available styrax (SC) need be further investigated. The components of SG were analyzed by GC-MS, and the results showed that the chromatograms of SG, SC, and styrax standard (SS) were consistent. The ration of 12 major chemical components based peak area in SG, SC, and SS were 93.95%, 94.24%, and 95.86% respectively. The assessment of toxicity, antithrombotic activity, and myocardial infarction protection of SG and SC was evaluated by using the zebrafish model, the results showed that SG and SC have the similar toxicological properties as evidenced by acute toxicity test, developmental toxicity and teratogenicity, and long-term toxicity test. Both SG and SC significantly decreased the thrombosis and increased blood flow velocity of zebrafish induced by adrenaline hydrochloride, inhibited myocardial apoptosis, myocardial infarction and myocardial inflammation in zebrafish induced by isoproterenol hydrochloride. Moreover, SG had an obvious improvement effect on cardiac output, while SC has no effect. Collectively, SG is similar to SC in chemical composition, toxicological properties, antithrombotic activity, and myocardial infarction protection effects, and may be used as a substitute for styrax to reduce the collection for wild L. orientalis Mill. and increase the available styrax resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Ma
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanlong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoyan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luping Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Cengiz Baloglu M, Yildiz Ozer L, Pirci B, Zengin G, Ibrahim Uba A, Celik Altunoglu Y. Evaluation of the Potential Therapeutic Properties of Liquidambar orientalis Oil. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300291. [PMID: 37699128 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Liquidambar orientalis Mill., commonly called the Anatolian sweetgum or Sigla tree, is endemic to southwestern Turkey. It has been historically significant in traditional medicine. In our research, we delved into the therapeutic attributes of its oil, emphasizing its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antitumor properties. The primary chemical constituent of the gum is styrene, accounting for 78.5 %. The gum demonstrated antioxidant capabilities in several assays, including in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). It displayed bactericidal actions against various gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, and gram-negative strains, including Escherichia coli. Additionally, the oil showcased potent antitumor effects against breast (MDA-MB-231), lung (A549), and prostate (PC3) cancer cell lines. These effects were found to be both time- and dose-dependent. L. orientalis Mill. oil showed the best antitumor activity against breast, lung, and prostate cancer cell lines after the 24 h and 48 h treatment. Its oil might induce autophagy in the PC3 prostate cancer cell line, whereas its cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 and A549 cancer cell lines might not be correlated with autophagy or apoptosis pathways. In conclusion, the oil from the Sigla tree offers promising therapeutic potential and warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Cengiz Baloglu
- Plantomics Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, 37150, Turkey
- Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Centre, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lutfiye Yildiz Ozer
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Doha P.O. Box, 34110, Qatar
| | - Buket Pirci
- Plantomics Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, 37150, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdullahi Ibrahim Uba
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, Istanbul, 34083, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Celik Altunoglu
- Plantomics Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, 37150, Turkey
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4
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Cakmak HY, Ege H, Yilmaz S, Agturk G, Yontem FD, Enguven G, Sarmis A, Cakmak Z, Gunduz O, Ege ZR. 3D printed Styrax Liquidus (Liquidambar orientalis Miller)-loaded poly (L-lactic acid)/chitosan based wound dressing material: Fabrication, characterization, and biocompatibility results. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125835. [PMID: 37473890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plant of Styrax liquidus (ST) (sweet gum balsam) which extracted from Liquidambar orientalis Mill tree, was loaded into the 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA)/chitosan (CS) based 3D printed scaffolds to investigate its wound healing and closure effect, in this study. The morphological and chemical properties of the ST loaded 3D printed scaffolds with different concentrations (1 %, 2 %, and 3 % wt) were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively. In addition, the mechanical and thermal properties of the materials were investigated by Tensile test and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The antimicrobial activities of the ST loaded 3D printed scaffolds and their incubation media in the PBS (pH 7.4, at 37 °C for 24 h) were investigated on two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative standard pathogenic bacteria with the agar disc diffusion method. The colorimetric MTT assay was used to determine the cell viability of human fibroblast cells (CCD-1072Sk) incubated with free ST, ST loaded, and unloaded 3D printed scaffolds. The 1 % and 2 % (wt) ST loaded PLA/CS/ST 3D printed scaffolds showed an increase in the cell number. Annexin V/PI double stain assay was performed to test whether early or late apoptosis was induced in the PLA/CS/1 % ST and PLA/CS/2 % ST loaded groups and the results were consistent with the MTT assay. Furthermore, a wound healing assay was carried out to investigate the effect of ST loaded 3D printed scaffolds on wound healing in CCD-1072Sk cells. The highest wound closure compared to the control group was observed on cells treated with PLA/CS/1 % ST for 72 h. According to the results, novel biocompatible ST loaded 3D printed scaffolds with antimicrobial effect can be used as wound healing material for potential tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hasan Ege
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Applied and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senanur Yilmaz
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Applied and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Agturk
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Halic University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fulya Dal Yontem
- Department of Biophysics, Koc University School of Medicine, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey; Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gozde Enguven
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Applied and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Sarmis
- Department of Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Goztepe Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeren Cakmak
- Kartal Prof. Dr. Saban Teoman Durali Science and Art Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Gunduz
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Applied and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ruya Ege
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Applied and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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THE ANTIOXIDANT ROLE OF STORAX IN BORON COMPOUNDS INDUCED HACAT CELLS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH AND POLICY 2022. [DOI: 10.33457/ijhsrp.1121869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The skin is the first line of defense against microbial and chemical agents. Keratinocytes, represent the major component of the skin. Storax is thought to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. some substances in storax have a cytotoxic effect and that storax can be a source of oxidative stress. Boron compounds have a wide physiological effect on biological systems at low concentrations, are toxic at high concentrations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the oxidative effect of storax on boron compounds treated HaCaT keratinocytes in vitro. Methods: In order to determine the effect of boron compounds on cell viability and 50% lethal dose, the MTT method was employed, and the IC50 dose was found to be 1000 μg/ml borax and 250 μg/ml colemanite at 24th hour. To determine the antioxidant activity of storax cells treated with borax and colemanite with or without storax and then the oxidative stress index, SOD, GPx and MDA levels were evaluated with ELISA.
Results: storax reduces the oxidative stress index through GPX, SOD and MDA activities.
Conclusion: When all the results are evaluated, the idea arises, that storax can be used as a possible therapeutic agent in skin.
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6
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Comprehensive chemical profiling and quantification of Shexiang Xintongning Tablets by integrating liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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7
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Demir D, Özdemir S, Gonca S, Bölgen N. Novel styrax liquidus loaded chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol cryogels with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Didem Demir
- Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty Mersin University Mersin Turkey
| | - Sadin Özdemir
- Food Processing Programme, Technical Science Vocational School Mersin University Mersin Turkey
| | - Serpil Gonca
- Department of Medical Laboratory Services, Health Services Vocational School Mersin University Mersin Turkey
| | - Nimet Bölgen
- Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty Mersin University Mersin Turkey
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8
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Xu Z, Lu D, Yuan J, Ren M, Ma R, Xie Q, Li Y, Li J, Wang J. Storax, A Promising Botanical Medicine for Treating Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:785598. [PMID: 34916951 PMCID: PMC8669959 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.785598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence and mortality of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases have been increasing year by year, which has become global burden and challenge. Based on the holistic thinking of “brain disease affects the heart” and “heart disease affects the brain,” as well as the characteristics of multi-target and multi-path effects of Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine is more advantageous in the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. As a botanical medicine, storax is known for its resuscitation, filth avoidance and pain-relieving effects in the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. By reviewing and collating the relevant domestic and international literature in the past 10 years, we have sorted out an overview of the medicinal parts, traditional uses and chemical composition of storax. For the first time, based on the idea of “cerebral and cardiac simultaneous treatment,” the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of heart and brain protection of storax for treating cardio-cerebrovascular diseases were summarized and analyzed, showing that storax has the pharmacological effects of anti-cerebral ischemia, regulation of blood-brain barrier, bidirectional regulation of the central nervous system, anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-arrhythmia, anti-thrombosis and anti-platelet aggregation. It mainly exerts its protective effects on the brain and heart through mechanisms such as inhibition of inflammatory immune factors, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, pro-neovascularization and regulation of NO release. On the basis of the current findings and limitations, the future research strategies and perspectives of storax are proposed, with a view to providing a reference for further application and development of this medicine, as well as contributing new thoughts and visions for the clinical application of “treating brain-heart synchronously”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Danni Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianmei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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9
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Çetinkaya S, Çınar Ayan İ, Süntar İ, Dursun HG. The Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activity of Liquidambar orientalis Mill. var. orientalis via NF-κB and Apoptotic Pathways in Human Colorectal Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1457-1473. [PMID: 34291706 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1952455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Liquidambar orientalis Mill. var. orientalis (Hammamelidaceae) commonly known as oriental sweet gum is a medicinal plant endemic to Turkey, and used for treatment of wounds such as ulcers, gastritis and skin diseases. However, there are only a limited number of studies on the anticancer properties of this plant. The aim of this study is to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of L. orientalis in colorectal cancer cell lines and to reveal the active therapeutic components. Antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-invasive and apoptotic effects were investigated for determining biological activities. The phytochemical profile and quantitation assays were carried out by using HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS. The results demonstrated that leaf methanol extract (LM) of L. orientalis has the highest cytotoxic activity in HCT-116 (IC50 27.80 μg/mL) and HT-29 (IC50 43.13 μg/mL) cell lines as compared to the other extracts tested. Regarding chemical composition, quercetin 3-glucoside (61.005 ± 1.527 mg/g extract), chlorogenic acid (31.627 ± 0.970 mg/g extract), pyrogallol (9.950 ± 0.001 mg/g extract), epigallocatechin gallate (9.671 ± 0.004 mg/g extract), apigenin 7-O-glucoside (2.687 ± 0.027 mg/g extract), gallic acid (2.137 ± 0.012 mg/g extract), genistin (1.270 ± 0.027 mg/g extract), luteolin (0.055 ± 0.0005 mg/g extract) and kaempferol (0.506 ± 0.007 mg/g extract) were identified as the major phytochemical compounds. Our results showed that LM extract exhibited In Vitro cytotoxic and apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sümeyra Çetinkaya
- Biotechnology Research Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İlknur Çınar Ayan
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - İpek Süntar
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Gül Dursun
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, Konya, Turkey
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KEYVAN E, TUTUN H, KAHRAMAN HA, ŞEN E, DEMİRTAŞ A, DÖNMEZ S, AKYÜZ AÖ. Determination of Time Dependent Antibacterial Activities of Curcumin, Carvacrol and Styrax Liquidus on Salmonella Enteritidis. ANKARA ÜNIVERSITESI VETERINER FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.33988/auvfd.911244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Wang L, Guan XQ, He RJ, Qin WW, Xiong Y, Zhang F, Song YQ, Huo PC, Song PF, Tang H, Ge GB. Pentacyclic triterpenoid acids in Styrax as potent and highly specific inhibitors against human carboxylesterase 1A. Food Funct 2021; 11:8680-8693. [PMID: 32940318 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human carboxylesterase 1A1 (hCES1A) is a promising target for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and obesity-associated metabolic diseases. To date, the highly specific and efficacious hCES1A inhibitors are rarely reported. This study aims to find potent and highly specific hCES1A inhibitors from herbs, and to investigate their inhibitory mechanisms. Following large-scale screening of herbal products, Styrax was found to have the most potent hCES1A inhibition activity. After that, a practical bioactivity-guided fractionation coupling with a chemical profiling strategy was used to identify the fractions from Styrax with strong hCES1A inhibition activity and the major constituents in these bioactive fractions were characterized by LC-TOF-MS/MS. The results demonstrated that seven pentacyclic triterpenoid acids (PTAs) in two bioactive fractions from Styrax potently inhibit hCES1A, with IC50 values ranging from 41 nM to 478 nM. Among all the identified PTAs, epibetulinic acid showed the most potent inhibition activity and excellent specificity towards hCES1A. Both inhibition kinetic analyses and in silico analysis suggested that epibetulinic acid potently inhibited hCES1A in a mixed inhibition manner. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that some PTAs in Styrax are potent and highly specific inhibitors of hCES1A and these constituents can be used as promising lead compounds for the development of more efficacious hCES1A inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China. and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Xiao-Qing Guan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rong-Jing He
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei-Wei Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yun-Qing Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peng-Chao Huo
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Pei-Fang Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Rasgele PG, Dulger G. Chemical Compositions and Antimutagenic Effects of Ethanolic Extracts of Stachys Thirkei and Stachys Annua subsp. Annua Using the Ames Assay. Pharm Chem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Daoudi NE, Bouhrim M, Bnouham M. A Review on Hepatoprotective Effects of Some Medicinal Plant Oils. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817666200831175139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The liver is the second largest organ inside the human body. It can be damaged
by several toxic molecules and medicinal agents taken in overdoses. Indeed, there are some
oils obtained from different herbs that can be used to protect the liver injury.
Objective:
This review aims to give details on some oils that have been tested for their hepatoprotective
effect.
Methods:
We reviewed 79 articles published between 1980 and 2019 in English language using
three databases Sciencedirect, Web of Science and PubMed. So, we have used the keywords related
to hepatoprotective activity: Hepatoprotective, liver disease, plant and oil and we have classified the
plants in alphabetical order as a list containing their scientific and family names, as well as the experimental
assay and the results obtained from these studies.
Results:
As a result, we have described 18 species belonging to 18 families: Altingiaceae, Apiaceae,
Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Cactaceae, Caryocaraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Lauraceae, Leguminoseae, Malvaceae,
Moringaceae, Myrtaceae, Oleaceae, Pinaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Theaceae and Vitaceae.
Among the most common fatty acids present in hepatoprotective oils are palmitic acid, linoleic
acid, oleic acid and stearic acid.
Conclusion:
These oils have shown beneficial properties regarding the hepatoprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Elhouda Daoudi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed First, Boulevard Mohamed VI; BP: 717; 60 000, Oujda,Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bouhrim
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed First, Boulevard Mohamed VI; BP: 717; 60 000, Oujda,Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bnouham
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed First, Boulevard Mohamed VI; BP: 717; 60 000, Oujda,Morocco
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14
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Discovery and characterization of pentacyclic triterpenoid acids in Styrax as potent and reversible pancreatic lipase inhibitors. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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15
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Łyczko J, Pawlak A, Augustyński I, Okińczyc P, Szperlik J, Kulma A, Różański H, Obmińska-Mrukowicz B, Szumny A. Chemical profiling and cytotoxic activity of 150-year old original sample of Jerusalem Balsam. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138:111183. [PMID: 32061855 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Herbal formulations have been used in ethnomedicine and pharmacy around the world for thousands of years. One of them is Jerusalem Balsam (JB), which came into use in the seventeenth century. Today, people still produce and use it regularly as prophylactic supplement. JB has been widely used in Europe since the nineteenth century, as a remedy possessing antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities. The composition of the product was not known, although possible formulations were reported. In this study the original sample, which dated back to 1870, was investigated for chemical composition and cytotoxic activity. The obtained results were compared with results from more recently produced samples. Several tests were carried out, namely GC-MS, UPLC-PDA-Q-TOF-MS and MTT. Only the 150-year old sample showed a significant cytotoxic activity on cancer cell lines. At a concentration of 125 μg/mL after 72 h of incubation, the original sample inhibited almost 90% of cell metabolic activity, while contemporary samples showed none or little activity. None of the tested samples showed a significant impact on normal cells. These results may be attributed to the activities of benzoic acid and its derivatives, cinnamic acid derivatives, vanillin, group of sesquiterpenes and cembrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Łyczko
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr Okińczyc
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wrocław Medical University, 50-566, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Jakub Szperlik
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-357, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Kulma
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Henryk Różański
- Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Krośnie, Laboratorium Biologii Przemysłowej i Eksperymentalnej, 38-400, Krosno, Poland.
| | - Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Antoni Szumny
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Zang M, Wang L, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Li D, Li X, Wang S, Chen H. Changes in flavour compound profiles of precooked pork after reheating (warmed‐over flavour) using gas chromatography–olfactometry–mass spectrometry with chromatographic feature extraction. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingwu Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100190 Beijing China
- China Meat Research Center 100068 Beijing China
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100190 Beijing China
| | - Zheqi Zhang
- China Meat Research Center 100068 Beijing China
| | | | - Dan Li
- China Meat Research Center 100068 Beijing China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- China Meat Research Center 100068 Beijing China
| | | | - Hongzhang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100190 Beijing China
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17
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Borisova MS, Yarovaya OI, Semenova MD, Tolstikova TG, Salakhutdinov NF. Antiulcerogenic activity of borneol derivatives. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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18
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Licá ICL, Soares AMDS, de Mesquita LSS, Malik S. Biological properties and pharmacological potential of plant exudates. Food Res Int 2018; 105:1039-1053. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Charehsaz M, Reis R, Helvacioglu S, Sipahi H, Guzelmeric E, Acar ET, Cicek G, Yesilada E, Aydin A. Safety evaluation of styrax liquidus from the viewpoint of genotoxicity and mutagenicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:506-512. [PMID: 27737816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Styrax liquidus is a resinous exudate (balsam) obtained from the wounded trunk of the Liquidambar orientalis Mill. (Hamamelidaceae). Styrax has been used for treatment of various ailments in Turkish folk medicine such as skin problems, peptic ulcers, nocturnal enuresis, parasitic infections, antiseptic or as expectorant. AIM OF STUDY In spite of frequent use of styrax in Turkish folk medicine as well as once as a stabilizer in perfumery industry, negative reports have been noticed by the international authority for restriction its use based on some limited evidences from an in vitro study. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of styrax and its ethanolic extract using in vivo and in vitro assays, as well as an antimutagenic assay and also to determine its phenolic constituents with chromatographic analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of styrax and its ethanolic extract were evaluated by Ames test performed on Salmonella TA98 and TA100 strains with and without metabolic activation (10- 30,000µg/plate). The genotoxicity was also studied in vivo by chromosomal aberrations assay on bone marrow of Balb C mice with different its concentrations (500-2000mg/kg body weight). Cytotoxicity has been evaluated by the MTT assay using L929 cell line. Its phenolic constituents were determined by HPLC analysis. RESULTS Genotoxicological investigations of styrax or its ethanolic extract showed that none of the tested concentrations induced a significant increase in the revertant number of TA98 and TA100 strains with or without metabolic activation, indicating no mutagenicity to the tested strains. Also results indicated that up to 2000mg/kg body weight, styrax is not genotoxic in mammalian bone marrow chromosome aberration test in vivo. In cytotoxicity study, the IC50 values of styrax and its ethanolic extract were found to be 50.22±1.80 and 59.69±11.77µg/mL, respectively. Among the studied reference standards the major phenolic acids in styrax balsam was found to be p-coumaric acid (2.95mg/g), while in its ethanolic extract not only p-coumaric acid (11.46mg/g), but also gallic acid (1.60mg/g) were found to the main components. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study provide scientific basis to the safety of styrax from the viewpoint of genotoxicity risk, and in fact, it was found to be beneficial against genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Charehsaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayışdağı, Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Rengin Reis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayışdağı, Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sinem Helvacioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayışdağı, Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hande Sipahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayışdağı, Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Etil Guzelmeric
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayışdağı, Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ebru Turkoz Acar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayışdağı, Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gamze Cicek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayışdağı, Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Erdem Yesilada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayışdağı, Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Aydin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayışdağı, Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Potential Use of Turkish Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Various Diseases. Molecules 2016; 21:257. [PMID: 26927038 PMCID: PMC6273156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are sources of health-promoting substances, including phytochemicals and phytoalexins that comprise polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamins A, C, E and several other constituents. Many studies have indicated that medicinal plants have been used to treat human diseases for thousands of years owing to their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Medicinal plants reduce the oxidative stress in cells and prevent cancer, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative and digestive system disorders. These potential beneficial effects have been attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds that show antioxidant properties by acting as free radical scavengers or metal chelators, reducing the reactions that produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Considering the importance of medicinal plants in terms of their beneficial health effects, some of the medicinally important plants grown in Turkey are covered in this review with respect to their antioxidant potential and phytochemical profile.
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Nalbantsoy A, Karış M, Karakaya L, Akgül Y. Diyabetik sıçanların karaciğer ve böbrekleri üzerinde Caralluma tuberculata’nın hipoglisemik ve hipolipidemik etkisi ve güvenliği / Liquidambar orientalis Mill. reçine ekstraktlarının antioksidan, sitotoksik ve iNOS aktiviteleri. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/tjb-2016-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective: The aim of this study is to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) inhibitory, and antioxidant activity in order to assess the traditional usage of Liquidambar orientalis Mill resin extract.Methods: Different solvent extracts of Liquidambar orientalis Mill resin were prepared. The cytotoxicity of extracts was determined using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)- 2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide) assay. HeLa (Human cervix adenocarcinoma), A-549 (Human alveolar adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (Human breast adenocarcinoma), CaCo-2 (Human colon colorectal adenocarcinoma), mPANC96 (Human pancreas adenocarcinoma), PC-3 (Human prostate adenocarcinoma), U87MG (Human glioblastoma- astrocytoma) and as a normal cell line HEK293 (Human embryonic kidney cells) and Vero (African green monkey kidney epithelial cells) were used for testing cytotoxicity. RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage cell lines) was used to determine the inhibition levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukemia) was used to determine antioxidant activity as DCF production per cent.Results: Hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water extracts were prepared, and their iNOS inhibitory, cytotoxic and antioxidant activity were investigated. The estimated IC50 values of extracts varied from 6.68 to 48.90 μg/ ml after treatment with different doses of extracts for 48 h. Inhibition of the hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, and water extracts on LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophage were showed that the all extracts inhibited NO production in activated RAW 264.7 cells, except methanol extract. Hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts inhibited NO production with ICConclusion: This study is the first report showing the potential of Liquidambar orientalis Mill resin extracts for cytotoxicity, iNOS inhibition and the antioxidant activity as an alternative therapeutic approach for traditional uses. The results demonstrated that Liquidambar orientalis dichloromethane resin extracts showed strongest cytotoxic effect while all extracts except methanolic extracts exhibited moderate iNOS inhibition. All extracts other than hexane have a potent antioxidant effect in the cellular-based assay. In conclusion, further studies should focus on the purification of the active components of this extracts and to investigate the possible mode of action to obtain a better understanding of their potential use as cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents.
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22
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Eid HH, Labib RM, Hamid NSA, Hamed MA, Ross SA. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant polyphenols from a standardized methanolic extract of the leaves of Liquidambar styraciflua L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bfopcu.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Suzek H, Celik I, Dogan A, Yildirim S. Protective effect and antioxidant role of sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis) oil against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:451-457. [PMID: 26079853 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1045086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sweetgum oil (SO) obtained from the Liquidambar orientalis Mill (Hamamelidaceae) tree has been used in Turkish folk medicine for centuries as an antiulcerigenic. Some studies have reported the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of SO; however, its effect on hepatic and oxidative stress complications is still unexplored. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the hepatoprotective effect and the antioxidant role of SO against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment included control, CCl4, SO, and CCl4 + SO treatment groups. Control and SO group rats were fed a diet without CCl4. CCl4 and CCl4 + SO treatment groups received 0.5 mL/kg CCl4 diluted in olive oil (1:1 dilution) intraperitonally injection twice per week. The CCl4 + SO group also received 1000 mg/kg SO-supplemented feed for 50 d. Blood and tissue samples were used for the determination of hepatic damage serum biomarkers (HDSBs) levels, antioxidant defense system constituents (ADSCs), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. In addition, the liver was evaluated for histopathological changes. RESULTS According to the results, the HDSBs levels of the CCl4 group were significantly (p < 0.05) increased compared with the control, whereas the HDSB levels of the CCl4 + SO group resulted in marked decreases (p < 0.05) compared with the CCl4 group. In addition, the results showed that SO-supplemented diet restored the CCl4-induced MDA and ADS towards to control. Hepatoprotection of SO is further substantiated by the almost normal histologic findings in the CCl4 + SO group against degenerative changes in the CCl4 group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION It was concluded that SO has a hepatoprotective effect and antioxidant capacity against CCl4 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Suzek
- a Deparment of Nursing , Health High School, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University , Mugla , Turkey
| | - Ismail Celik
- b Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Science Faculty , Yuzuncu Yil University , Van , Turkey
| | - Abdulahad Dogan
- c Department of Biology, Science Faculty , Yuzuncu Yil University , Van , Turkey , and
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- d Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty , Yuzuncu Yil University , Van , Turkey
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Lingbeck JM, O'Bryan CA, Martin EM, Adams JP, Crandall PG. Sweetgum: An ancient source of beneficial compounds with modern benefits. Pharmacogn Rev 2015; 9:1-11. [PMID: 26009686 PMCID: PMC4441155 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.156307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweetgum trees are large, deciduous trees found in Asia and North America. Sweetgum trees are important resources for medicinal and other beneficial compounds. Many of the medicinal properties of sweetgum are derived from the resinous sap that exudes when the outer bark of the tree has been damaged. The sap, known as storax, has been used for centuries to treat common ailments such as skin problems, coughs, and ulcers. More recently, storax has proven to be a strong antimicrobial agent even against multidrug resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In addition to the sap, the leaves, bark, and seeds of sweetgum also possess beneficial compounds such as shikimic acid, a precursor to the production of oseltamivir phosphate, the active ingredient in Tamiflu®–an antiviral drug effective against several influenza viruses. Other extracts derived from sweetgum trees have shown potential as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and chemopreventive agents. The compounds found in the extracts derived from sweetgum sap suppress hypertension in mice. Extracts from sweetgum seeds have anticonvulsant effects, which may make them suitable in the treatment of epilepsy. In addition to the potential medicinal uses of sweetgum extracts, the extracts of the sap possess antifungal activity against various phytopathogenic fungi and have been effective treatments for reducing nematodes and the yellow mosquito, Aedes aegypti, populations thus highlighting the potential of these extracts as environment-friendly pesticides and antifungal agents. The list of value-added products derived from sweetgum trees can be increased by continued research of this abundantly occurring tree.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corliss A O'Bryan
- Department of Food Science and Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Martin
- Sea Star International LLC, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA ; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Joshua P Adams
- School of Forest Resources, University of Arkansas, Monticello, Arkansas, USA
| | - Philip G Crandall
- Sea Star International LLC, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA ; Department of Food Science and Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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